Examinando por Materia "Abiotic stress"

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Harvest index is a key trait for screening drought-tolerant potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum)
(Springer, 2023-07-04) Lozano Isla, Flavio; Farfán Vignolo, Evelyn Roxana; Gutierrez, Raymundo; Blas, Raúl; Awais, Khan
Drought stress is a significant constraint that affects the yield of almost all major crops. Its impact is expected to worsen due to global climate change and human population expansion. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop worldwide, but it is highly susceptible to drought stress. In order to understand the effects of drought stress on yield and identify traits for selecting drought-tolerant potato genotypes, we evaluated the response of a range of agronomic and physiological traits in 15 potato genotypes under well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. The harvest index (HI) was found to have a high plot-based heritability (0.98), indicating that it can be used for the indirect selection of drought-tolerant genotypes. In contrast, SPAD was sensitive to detecting early drought stress in potatoes. Drought-tolerant genotypes, including CIP392797.22 (UNICA), CIP397077.16, CIP398190.89, CIP398208.219, and CIP398208.620, were able to allocate limited water towards tuber production rather than biomass. These genotypes showed high tuber production under WW conditions and increased photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency under WD conditions.
Transcriptional analyses of two soybean cultivars under salt stress
(Springer Nature, 2020-03-29) Cadavid, Isabel Cristina; Guzmán Escuredo, Frank Lino; De Olivera Busatto, Luisa; De Almeida, Rita M.C; Margis, Rogerio
Soybean is an economically important plant, and its production is affected in soils with high salinity levels. It is important to understand the adaptive mechanisms through which plants overcome this kind of stress and to identify potential genes for improving abiotic stress tolerance. RNA-Seq data of two Glycine max cultivars, a drought-sensitive (C08) and a tolerant (Conquista), subjected to different periods of salt stress were analyzed. The transcript expression profile was obtained using a transcriptogram approach, comparing both cultivars and different times of treatment. After 4 h of salt stress, Conquista cultivar had 1400 differentially expressed genes, 647 induced and 753 repressed. Comparative expression revealed that 719 genes share the same pattern of induction or repression between both cultivars. Among them, 393 genes were up- and 326 down-regulated. Salt stress also modified the expression of 54 isoforms of miRNAs in Conquista, by the maturation of 39 different pre-miRNAs. The predicted targets for 12 of those mature miRNAs also have matches with 15 differentially expressed genes from our analyses. We found genes involved in important pathways related to stress adaptation. Genes from both ABA and BR signaling pathways were modulated, with possible crosstalk between them, and with a likely post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs. Genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, DNA repair, and plastid translation process were those that could be regulated by miRNA.