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Influence of agroclimatic factors on the efficiency of multi-ovulation in cattle in the Peruvian tropics
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-04-01) Segura Portocarrero, Gleni Tatiana; Murga Valderrama, Nilton Luis; Lopez Lapa, Rainer Marco; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo; Gongora Bardales, Deiner Jhonel; Frias Torres, Hugo; Poclín Rojas, Annie Yoselin; Depaz Hizo, Benjamin; Vasquez Tarrillo, Ronald Will; Heredia Vilchez, Lizeth Amparo; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo
Introduction: Agroclimatic conditions are key determinants in the development of animal production and reproduction, with specific breed differences in vulnerability to environmental stress. This research aims to determine the influence of agroclimatic factors on the efficiency of multi-ovulation in cattle in the Peruvian tropics.
Methods: The study was conducted at the “El Porvenir” Agricultural Experimental Station (EEA) of the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA), located in the district of Juan Guerra, province and department of San Martín, Peru. Throughout a year, four collections of structures were made from 12 Bos indicus donor cows from the genetic nucleus of the PROMEG Tropical project every 2 months under intensive breeding conditions. The cows were classified according to their production: milk (five individuals of the Gyr breed and two of the Guzerat breed) and meat (two individuals of the Nelore breed and three of the Brahman breed), with ages of 3 and 4 years, selected based on specific criteria: regular estrous cycles, no deformities or reproductive problems, and certified pedigree registration. During each collection protocol, the number of viable structures (blastocysts and morulas), non-viable structures (unfertilized oocytes-UFO and degenerated), and agroclimatic factors [temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), precipitation (mm), wind speed (m/s), and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)] were evaluated at three times (6 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m.). A longitudinal experimental design was used for the analysis. Statistical tests were applied, including ANOVA and post-hoc tests (Tukey's Test), to assess the significance of differences between variables, such as the humidity index and temperature in relation to the production of viable structures and non-viable structures. Data visualization was achieved using R Studio libraries, including ggplot2, factoextra, and FactoMineR.
Results: The analyses highlight the influence of the interaction between humidity and temperature, resulting in THI on bovine stress, revealing complex interactions that primarily affect embryo production. Stress peaks, especially under adverse conditions, were observed to significantly impact animal health.
Discussion: This response to stress can affect both overall well-being and productive performance. Additionally, it should be noted that this impact varies according to the adaptability and resilience of the breed. Therefore, it is suggested to continue this study, as the literature on this topic is limited, and to conduct further research to optimize the well-being and productivity of livestock.
Productive and culinary characteristics of four cultivars of the popping bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Canaán, 2735 meters above sea level. Ayacucho, 2022.
(Editorial MQR, 2025-03-21) Zambrano Ochoa , Lurquín Marino; Aramburo Pretel, Jean Marco; Altamirano Pérez, Ana María
Introducción. El frijol reventón originario de la parte central de los Andes constituye un alimento principal en la dieta de las comunidades rurales por su alto valor nutricional. Objetivo. Analizar las características productivas y culinarias de cuatro cultivares de frijol reventón, cultivados en las condiciones de Canaán, a 2735 msnm, en Ayacucho, durante el año 2022. Método. Se realizó un estudio experimental aplicando el Diseño Bloques Completo Randomizados con 4 variedades de frijol reventón tipo IV y un testigo tipo I arbustivo. El experimento se llevó a cabo con 3 repeticiones, sumando un total de 15 unidades experimentales. Se analizó variables de respuesta como la precocidad del cultivo, la productividad y la calidad del grano tostado. Resultados. El cultivar CFA-007 alcanzó la madurez fisiológica a los 193 días, seguido por las variedades CFA-012, CFA-005 y CFA-016. En cuanto a la altura de planta, el cultivar CFA-026 destacó con 237.93 centímetros, sin presentar diferencias significativas respecto a los demás cultivares. En términos de productividad, el CFA-007 alcanzó un rendimiento de 5700 kilogramos por hectárea, mientras que el CFA-005 obtuvo 4623 kilogramos por hectárea. En lo que respecta a la calidad del grano tostado, el índice de expansión del grano del cultivar CFA-026 fue del 80%, seguido por los cultivares CFA-007, CFA-005 y CFA-012. Conclusión. Tanto las condiciones ambientales de la zona donde se desarrolló el experimento como el manejo agronómico fueron oportunas para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los cultivares.
Regenerative agriculture: Inclusive approach for transforming conventional agriculture
(Springer Nature, 2024-12-21) Chatterjee, Subhrajyoti; Nayak, Pritismita; Acharya, Sumit; Arockia Infant Paul, R; Ocaña-Reyes, Jimmy Alcides
Regenerative agriculture is an inclusive and transformative approach that aims to revolutionize conventional farming practices. It goes beyond the traditional boundaries of agriculture by focusing on restoring ecosystems, improving soil health, and promoting a sustainable coexistence between humans and the environment. This chapter explores the core principles of regenerative agriculture, highlighting its potential to address pressing environmental challenges associated with conventional methods. Key components include prioritizing soil health through practices like cover cropping and minimizing soil disturbance, promoting biodiversity through diversified crops and holistic management, and implementing water conservation techniques. The economic viability of regenerative practices is supported by reduced input costs, increased resilience, and diversified income streams for farmers. Socially, regenerative agriculture encourages community engagement and knowledge sharing and contributes to local food security. Although there are barriers to adopting regenerative practices, such as initial transition costs and policy challenges, many farmers have already embraced this approach. As emerging trends and technologies continue to shape the agricultural landscape, regenerative practices offer a beacon of hope for a more sustainable and inclusive future. They provide a pathway towards resilient, environmentally conscious, and socially equitable food systems.
Manual de aislamiento y producción de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2025-04-01) Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Siquiera Bahia, Rita de Cassia; Diaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth
El INIA, a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene como uno de sus objetivos generar y poner a disposición tecnologías de manejo de suelos, agua de riego para los cultivos agrícolas.
En este contexto, el presente manual proporciona información sobre las características, beneficios y uso de las micorrizas e incluye procedimientos para su evaluación y producción. Este documento está dirigido a profesionales del sector agropecuario y público en general interesado en implementar prácticas agrícolas más sostenibles y respetuosas con el medio ambiente.
Manual para la elaboración y uso de biofertilizantes a partir de la cáscara de mazorca de cacao
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2025-04-01) de Cassia Siqueira Bahia, Rita; Villanueva Cueva, Neil E.; Solórzano Acosta, Richard A.; Samaniego Puente, Julio C.; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri G.; Diaz Chuquizuta, Henry
El INIA, a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene como uno de sus objetivos evaluar prácticas alternativas para el manejo de suelos y agua en la producción agrícola.
En ese sentido, el presente “Manual para la elaboración y uso de biofertilizantes a partir de la cáscara de mazorca de cacao” reseña experiencias y resultados de las investigaciones del INIA relacionadas a la producción de biofertilizantes a partir de este residuo agrícola. Este documento se pone a disposición de agricultores, profesionales del sector agropecuario y público interesado en conocer una alternativa de producción de biofertilizantes y el uso de la cáscara de cacao.
Taxonomy and new collections of wild potato species in Central and Southern Peru in 1999
(Springer Nature, 2001-05-31) Salas, Alberto R.; Huamán, Zósimo; Hijmans, Robert J.; Torres Maita, Rafael Vinci; Hoesktra, Roel; Schüler, Konrad
Peru contains about half of the described wild potato taxa, and many of these are not yet preserved in genebanks. This paper reports results of the second of a series of five planned collecting expeditions to Peru. Collections were made in the central Peruvian departments of Ancash, Huancavelica, La Libertad, and Lima, from March 8 to April 25,1999. They follow collections in 1998 in the southern Peruvian departments of Apurimac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Puno, and Tacna. We collected 101 germplasm accessions, including first germplasm collections of the following 22Solanum taxa:Solanum amayanum, S. anamatophilum, S. arahuayum (lost in germplasm increase),S. augustii, S. bill- hookeri, S. cantense, S. chavinense, S. chomatophilum var. subnivale, S. chrysoflorum, S. gracilifrons, S. hapalos um, S. huarochiriense, S. hypacrarthrum, S.jalcae, S. moniliforme, S. multiinterruptum f. longipilosum, S. multiinterruptum var. machaytambinum, S. peloquinianum, S. rhombilanceolatum, S. simplicissimum, S. taulisense (lost in germplasm increase), andS. wittmackii. In addition, new collections were made of the under-collected speciesS. hastiforme (three collections). The above taxonomy is that used in planning our expedition, that we compare to a new treatment of Peruvian wild potatoes published by C. Ochoa in 1999. This paper reports the collection and new species identifications of the 1999 collections, and germplasm conservation and survival of the 1998 and 1999 collections. In addition, chromosome counts are provided for 134 accessions from the 1998 and 1999 expeditions, including first reports forS. chomatophilum var. subnivale (2n = 2x = 24),S. megistacrolobum subsp.purpureum (2n = 2x = 24), andS. multiinterruptum var.multiinterruptum f.albiflorum (2n = 2x = 24); we also report the first triploid count of an accession ofS. immite.
Ichu valorization by Pleurotus spp. cultivation and potential of the residual substrate as a biofertilizer
(MDPI, 2025-03-18) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Dionisio, Luis; Burga, Lyana; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Quispe Apaza, Cinthia Sheila; Oscco, Persing; Johnson, Luis
The high Andean grass Jarava ichu (Poaceae) plays a vital role in water regulation and aquifer recharge. However, its limited use is often linked to forest fires, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Therefore, this study aims to explore the valorization of ichu as a substratefor the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. (P. citrinopileatus, P. djamor and P. ostreatus) and to evaluate the potential of the residual substrate as a biofertilizer, offering an ecological alternative to grassland burning in the Peruvian Andes. Samples of ichu from the district of Tomás (Lima, Peru) were used as culture substrate, analyzing productivity indicators such as crop cycle (CC), biological efficiency (EB) and production rate (PR), together with the nutritional profile of the fungi and the chemical properties of the residual substrate. The results showed an average biological efficiency of 19.8%, with no significant differences (p>0.05) in CC, EB or PR among the species, confirming the viability of ichu as a substrate. The fungi presented a high protein content (24.1-30.41% on a dry basis), highlighting its nutritional value. In addition, the residual substrate exhibited elevated levels of phosphorus (795.9-1296.9 ppm) and potassium (253.1-291.3 ppm) compared to raw ichu (0.11-7.77 ppm for both nutrients). Germination tests on radish seeds showed rates between 80% and 100%, without inhibition, supporting its potential as a biofertilizer. This study demonstrates the doublé potential of ichu as a substrate for the sustainable production of edible mushrooms of high nutritional value and as a source of biofertilizers
Aislamiento e identificación molecular de cepas bacterianas anaeróbicas aisladas del compartimento 1 de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2025-02-28) Coila, Pedro; Romero Ávila, Yolanda Madelein; Sánchez, Diana; Oros, Oscar; Zapata, Celso; Flores, Nils; Estrada Cañari, Richard
El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar bacterias anaeróbicas aisladas del compartimento 1 del tracto digestivo de las alpacas. Se obtuvieron 4 aislamientos del licor (LC1) y 9 de la pared del compartimento (PC1) de los tractos digestivos. Los aislamientos de LC1 se cultivaron en agar Anaeróbico de Brewer (BA), y los aislamientos de PC1 en BA suplementado con L-cisteína. Los aislamientos anaeróbicos fueron sometidos a identificación mediante observación microscópica y pruebas bioquímicas, seguidas de la extracción de ADN bacteriano total. La amplificación se realizó utilizando cebadores 27F-1492R en el gen 16S ARNr, y se secuenció utilizando el método Sanger con un analizador de ADN ABI PRISM 3730XL. El análisis bioinformático reveló que las cepas correspondientes a la especie de LC1 eran cuatro Streptococcus equinus y de PC1 eran nueve Streptococcus vicugnae. En el análisis filogenético, las cepas de Streptococcus equinus formaron un clado monofilético con un valor de Bootstrap de 100 y Streptococcus vicugnae con 88. Las cepas revelaron una naturaleza estrictamente anaeróbica, destacando la complejidad de la taxonomía del género Streptococcus y enfatizando la necesidad de futuras investigaciones para aclarar su clasificación taxonómica
Especies del género Abuta (Anomospermeae, Menispermaceae) del Perú
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, 2025-03-15) Ortiz, Rosa del C.; Zañartu Flores, Ricardo A.; Rodríguez del Castillo, Ángel M.; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos Alberto
El género Abuta constituye el segundo taxón más diverso dentro de las Menispermaceae neotropicales. La presente investigación documenta las 12 especies registradas en territorio peruano, proporcionando una caracterización morfológica detallada de cada taxón, sintetizada en una clave dicotómica para su identificación. Se presenta documentación fotográfica de especímenes, tanto in situ como preservados en herbario, para todas las especies excepto A. aristeguietae. Adicionalmente, se analiza la distribución geográfica de cada especie, tanto a nivel nacional como global. Es importante señalar que la limitada disponibilidad de especímenes fértiles, frecuentemente restringidos a un solo sexo (ya sea ejemplares estaminados o pistilados), ha representado un desafío significativo para el análisis comparativo interespecífico. Abuta grandifolia destaca como la especie de mayor distribución y frecuencia de colecta; sin embargo, investigaciones recientes sugieren que este taxón comprende un complejo de entidades cuyas delimitaciones taxonómicas requieren mayor estudio.
Gastrointestinal parasites in free grazing goats from Ayacucho, Peru: prevalence and risk factors associated with infection in herds
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024-10-29) Palomino Guerrera, Walter; Ramos Huaman, Michael; Flores Prado, Vania; Godoy Padilla, David; Zárate Rendón, Daniel
This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasite infection in goats in Ayacucho, Peru. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 254 goats from four districts of Ayacucho: Ocaña (89), Colca (76), Pacaicasa (64), and Luricocha (25) during the dry season; recording the location, sex, and age of the animals. The fecal samples were analyzed using the flotation technique in salt and sugar solution, and modified McMaster egg counting techniques for eggs/oocysts (epg/opg) of gastrointestinal parasites. The associations between location, sex, and age with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were analyzed using the chi-square test. Fecal samples showed an overall parasite prevalence of 87.80%. The identified parasites were Eimeria spp. (86.22%), Strongyle type eggs (STE) (65.75%), Skrjabinema spp. (7.87%), Trichuris spp. (3.15%) and Moniezia spp. (3.15%). There was a significant association between the location and the presence of parasites (p<0.05); where STE was more prevalent in the district of Colca (98.68%); Trichuris spp. in Pacaycasa (9.38%); Skrjabinema spp. (48.00%), Moniezia spp. (12.00%) and Eimeria spp. (100%) were more prevalent in Luricocha. Sex had a significant association with the prevalence of Eimeria spp., Skrjabinema spp. and Moniezia spp. (p<0.05); while age had a significant association with parasitosis only for Trichuris spp. and Moniezia spp. (p<0.05). The epg/opg values revealed a higher parasite burden in goats from Colca compared to the other locations (p<0.05). There was also no statistical relationship between fecal egg/oocyst counts and sex or age, nevertheless, there were moderate and high parasitic burdens. The high prevalence of parasites such as nematodes, cestodes, and coccidia suggests the need to implement strategic control and prevention programs in free-grazing goats. Location and sex were the most relevant risk factors for parasitosis in Ayacucho, Peru.