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Características anatómicas y propiedades físicas de la madera de Cedrela odorata L., de 22 años, San Gabán – Perú
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), 2020-12-31) Anquise Ticahuanca, Ruben César; Ccahuana Jihuallanca, Ever Ángel; Portal Cahuana, Leif Armando
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general describir las características anatómicas y las propiedades físicas bajo el método no destructivo de los árboles semilleros de Cedrela odorataL., de 22 años en el Anexo Experimental INIASan Gabán – Pampa Alegre. Se colectaron ocho árboles de la especie cedro, seleccionados siguiendo los criterios de la NTPN°251.008: 2012, donde se consideraron aspectos generales, fitosanitarios, y dasométricos, entre otros. Posteriormente, se seleccionaron por cada árbol dos muestras empleando el barreno de Pressler. Se determinaron las 3características macroscópicas, microscópicas, contenido de humedad, las densidades, el peso calculado de 1 my 1 pie tablar al 12% de contenido de humedad. Los resultados acerca de las características anatómicas mostraron diferencias en cuanto al diámetro tangencial de los poros, que fue menor que el promedio (133.20 μm), respecto a la información científica existente sobre anatomía del cedro. Las propiedades físicas mostraron que Cedrela odorataL., a los 22 años se clasifica como madera de densidad básica baja, en comparación con estudios de cedro en bosque natural, donde su clasificación es de densidad básica media.
Cows of reproductive age in the high Andean region of Peru have seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 and Neospora caninum
(American Veterinary Medical Association, 2025-07-08) Contreras Vílchez, Víctor; Mendoza Palomino, Efrain; Jiménez Aparco, César; Huamán Lizana, Darwin; Acuña Leiva, Alex Tony; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel
Objective To determine the seroprevalence of infectious agents with reproductive implications in cattle from 3 districts of the high Andean region of Peru over 3,500 m above level sea. Methods 361 blood samples were collected from cows in 3 districts of the Apurimac department using nonprobabilistic stratified sampling for an exploratory study. Antibodies against Brucella spp, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine leukemia virus, bluetongue virus, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV), and Neospora caninum (NC) were detected by ELISA. Analysis of independence, multiple correspondence, and logistic regression were performed for risk factors, with district, age, and phenotypic traits as predictors. Results The highest seroprevalences were 18.28% BHV and 6.93% NC, with a similar trend at the sector and herd levels. Bovine herpesvirus 1 was predominant in Cotaruse and Oropesa and NC in Oropesa and San Jerónimo. The multiple correspondence analysis explained 42.40% of the structural variability, with greater dispersion observed between seropositives for NC and BHV, without a significant association between seropositivities. The district was a risk factor for NC, with a 95% CI of 0.11 to 0.88 in Cotaruse, although the 95% CI for BHV was 7.33 to 630.75 in Cotaruse and 14.11 to 1,289.94 in Oropesa. Conclusions BHV and NC are seroprevalent in cows from the sampled high Andean herds, and district location is the strongest risk factor. Clinical Relevance Environmental conditions and livestock management practices of the region could explain the seroprevalence rates; however, strengthening surveillance against BHV and NC is imperative to prevent risks of acute or subclinical infections.
Propiedades físicas, mecánicas y características anatómicas de Vochysia kosnipatae Huamantupa (Alco kaspi) de una plantación del distrito San Gabán
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), 2020-12-31) Anquise Ticahuanca, Ruben César; Ccahuana Jihuallanca, Ever Ángel; Zevallos Pollito, Percy Amilcar; Portal Cahuana, Leif Armando
La presente investigación presenta como objetivo principal las características anatómicas y propiedades físicas y mecánicas de una nueva especie endémica del Perú reportada en 2005, Vochysia kosnipatae Huamantupa (Alco kaspi), procedente de plantación experimental de ocho años de San Gabán, Departamento de Puno (Perú). Se colectaron cinco trozas de 1.30 m por árbol al azar de una población de 18 árboles. Luego se obtuvieron tablones centrales de 8 cm; a partir de ellos se elaboraron las probetas en una carpintería, para posterormente evaluar las probetas en los laboratorios de anatomía de la madera UNAMAD y tecnología de la madera de UNALM. Los procedimientos se fundamentaron en metodologías de las Normas Técnicas Peruanas COPANT y IAWA. Los resultados difunden el primer reporte de la anatomía y propiedades físicas de la madera de V. kosnipatae Huamantupa (Alco kaspi) procedente de una plantación experimental de ocho años en San Gabán. Además, los resultados permiten dar criterios técnicos sobre la utilización racional y técnica de la madera de V. kosnipatae.
Inoculation of Bacillus subtilis in acidic soil amended with biochar and liming materials in maize cultivation
(Nature Publishing Group, 2025-08-06) Diaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Coral Cardenas, Sergio Axel; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Sánchez Ojanasta, Martín; Diaz Chuquizuta, Percy; Ocaña Reyes, Jimmy Alcides; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Cuevas Giménez, Juan Pablo
The use of amendments in combination with Bacillus subtilis has been understudied as a strategy for rehabilitating acid soils and improving cropping systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of amendments and B. subtilis on the development, yield, and nutritional quality of the hard yellow maize Marginal 28 T variety. A randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement was employed, considering five amendments, including biochar, alongside the application of B. subtilis. The combination of biochar and B. subtilis significantly increased plant and ear height (p < 0.01), achieved a grain yield of 4.11 t ha⁻¹, and reduced flowering time by seven days. Strong correlations were observed between male and female flowering (r = 0.99) and between stem diameter and leaf area (r = 0.95), indicating improved vegetative development. Soil pH and nutrient availability, such as phosphorus, were also enhanced. The combined use of amendments and B. subtilis optimizes yield and improves soil chemical properties. Thus, applying biochar and B. subtilis improves growth, yield, and soil quality, consolidating a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture in acid soils.
Short Communication: Prediction of body weight using morphometric measurements in Creole goats from Peru
(Society for Indonesian Biodiversity, 2025-07-15) Paredes Chocce, Miguel Enrique; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Tafur Gutierrez, Lucinda; Temoche Socola, Victor Alexander; Salinas Marco, Jorge; Acosta Granados, Irene Carol; Ruiz Chamorro, Jose Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Trillo Zarate, Fritz Carlos
Goats are an important component of smallholder family farms along the coast and highlands of Peru. The weight of an animal is an important indicator of the production and economy of farmers in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models for Body Weight (BW) using Morphometric Measurements (MM) of Creole goats (Capra hircus) in Perú. BW and five MM were collected from 356 goats from the coast and highlands of Peru. Variables were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis to select the best model based on the coefficient of determination (r²), adjusted r², Residual Standard Error (RSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using the RStudio statistical software. The highest correlation was found between BW and TG (0.76), followed by RW (0.67), and RH (0.65). The combinations of MM selected as predictors of BW by stepwise regression were TG, RH, and RW, with r² 0.640. The selected candidate model met all established tests and, upon validation, reached an r² of 0.66 (p<0.001), indicating that the model can adequately predict the BW of Peruvian Creole goats and serve as a practical tool to support selection programs, feeding strategies, and market decision-making in smallholder systems.
Spatial Distribution of Cadmium in Avocado-Cultivated Soils of Peru: Influence of Parent Material, Exchangeable Cations, and Trace Elements
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Solorzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Llerena Arroyo, Rigel Arturo; Mejía Maita, Sharon; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando
Potentially toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils represent a global concern due to their toxicity and potential accumulation in the food chain. However, our understanding of cadmium’s complex sources and the mechanisms controlling its spatial distribution across diverse edaphic and geological contexts remains limited, particularly in underexplored agricultural regions. Our study aimed to assess the total accumulated Cd content in soils under avocado cultivation and its association with edaphic, geochemical, and geomorphological variables. To this end, we considered the total concentrations of other metals and explored their associations to gain a better understanding of Cd’s spatial distribution. We analyzed 26 physicochemical properties, the total concentrations of 22 elements (including heavy and trace metals such as As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn and major elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Na), and six geospatial variables in 410 soil samples collected from various avocado-growing regions in Peru in order to identity potential associations that could help explain the spatial patterns of Cd. For data analysis, we applied (1) univariate statistics (skewness, kurtosis); (2) multivariate methods such as Spearman correlations and principal component analysis (PCA); (3) spatial modeling using the Geodetector tool; and (4) non-parametric testing (Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc test). Our results indicated (1) the presence of hotspots with Cd concentrations exceeding 3 mg·kg ⁻¹ , displaying a leptokurtic distribution (skewness = 7.3); (2) dominant accumulation mechanisms involving co-adsorption and cation competition (Na⁺, Ca²⁺), as well as geogenic co-accumulation with Zn and Pb; and (3) significantly higher Cd concentrations in Leptosols derived from Cretaceous intermediate igneous rocks (diorites/tonalites), averaging 1.33 mg kg⁻¹ compared to 0.20 mg·kg⁻¹ in alluvial soils (p < 0.0001). The factors with the greatest explanatory power (q > 15%, Geodetector) were the Zn content, parent material, geological age, and soil taxonomic classification. These findings provide edaphogenetic insights that can inform soil cadmium (Cd) management strategies, including recommendations to avoid establishing new plantations in areas with a high risk of Cd accumulation. Such approaches can enhance the efficiency of mitigation programs and reduce the risks to export markets.
Desarrollo de modelos no lineales de altura-diámetro para cuatro especies de la Amazonía peruana
(Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Ciencias Forestale, 2025-07-18) Flores Bendezú, Ymber
La relación entre la altura total y el diámetro de un árbol es fundamental en los modelos de crecimiento y productividad forestal, así como en la comprensión de la dinámica de los rodales. En este estudio, se evaluaron veinte modelos para predecir la altura total de cuatro especies forestales utilizando el diámetro a la altura del pecho: Dipteryx ferrea, Amburana acreana, Handroanthus serratifolius y Parkia nitida. Para D. ferrea, los modelos más adecuados fueron Rational, Exponential Association 2, Weibull, Hossfeld IV y Loetsch, destacando el modelo Rational por su alto desempeño en criterios como el coeficiente de correlación (r) y el error estándar (SE). En el caso de A. acreana, el modelo Hossfeld fue el más eficiente, seguido por Logistic Power y Hoerl, destacándose en r, R² y el error cuadrático medio (RMSE), aunque el modelo Hoerl presentó diferencias signifi-cativas con los otros modelos. Para H. serratifolius, los modelos más apropiados fueron Gompertz, Rational y MMF, siendo MMF el que mostró mejor desempeño en R² y RMSE. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los modelos en la predicción de la altura. Finalmente, para P. nitida, los modelos Hoerl y Exponential Association 2 fueron los más efectivos, destacando este último por su menor error estándar y RMSE. En general, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los modelos de mejor rendimiento en cuanto a la altura total observada (p ≥ 0.05).
Genomic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from alpaca crias (Vicugna pacos) in the peruvian highlands: insights into functional diversity and pathogenicity
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Zapata, Celso; Rodriguez Perez, Lila Maciel; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madedein; Coila, Pedro; Hañari Quispe, Renán Dilton; Oros, Oscar; Zanabria, Víctor; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Rojas Cruz, Diórman; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Ortiz Morera, Narda Cecilia; Estrada Cañari, Richard
Diarrhea in alpaca crias significantly impacts livestock health in high-altitude regions, with Escherichia coli as a common pathogen. This study analyzed 10 E. coli isolates from diarrheic and healthy alpacas using whole-genome sequencing to assess genetic diversity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Predominant sequence types (ST73, ST29), serotypes (O22:H1, O109:H11), and phylogroups (B2, B1, A) were identified. Virulence profiling revealed ExPEC-like and EPEC pathotypes, while resistance genes for β-lactams (blaEC-15), fosfomycin (glpT_E448K), and colistin (pmrB) were prevalent. These findings highlight the need for genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to manage E. coli infections in alpacas and reduce public health risks.
Effects of Glomus iranicum inoculation on growth and nutrient uptake in potatoes associated with broad beans under greenhouse conditions
(MDPI, 2025-07-21) Contreras Pino, Douglas Lenin; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Verastequi Martínez, Patricia; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy
The rising global demand for food, including potatoes, necessitates increased crop production. To achieve higher yields, farmers frequently depend on regular applications of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. As people seek more environmentally friendly alternatives, biofertilizers are gaining popularity as a potential replacement for synthetic fertilizers. This study aimed to determine how Glomus iranicum affects the growth of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the nutritional value of potato tubers when grown alongside broad beans (Vicia faba L.). An experiment was conducted using potatoes tested at five dosage levels of G. iranicum, ranging from 0 to 4 g, to see its impact on the plants and soil. Inoculation with G. iranicum produced variable results in associated potato and bean crops, with significant effects on some variables. In particular, inoculation with 3 g of G. iranicum produced an increase in plant height (24%), leaf dry weight (90%), and tuber dry weight (57%) of potatoes. Similarly, 4 g of G. iranicum produced an increase in the foliar fresh weight (115%), root length (124%), root fresh weight (159%), and root dry weight (243%) of broad beans compared to no inoculation. These findings suggest that G. iranicum could be a helpful biological tool in Andean crops to improve the productivity of potatoes associated with broad beans. This could potentially reduce the need for chemical fertilizers in these crops.
Pantropical tree rings show small effects of drought on stem growth
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025-07-31) Zuidema, Pieter A; Groenendijk, Peter; Rahman, Mizanur; Trouet, Valerie; Abiyu, Abrham; Acuña Soto, Rodolfo; Adenesky Filho, Eduardo; Alfaro Sánchez, Raquel; Anholetto Jr, Claudio Roberto; Vieira Aragão, José Roberto; Assis Pereira , Gabriel; Astdillo Sánchez, Claudia C; Barbosa , Ana Carolina; Battipaglia , Giovanna; Beeckman, Hans; Botosso , Paulo Cesar; Bourland , Nils; Bräuning , Achim; Brienen Roel, Roel; Brookhouse , Matthew; Buajan , Supaporn; Buckley , Brandan M; Camarero , J Julio; Carrillo Parra , Artemio; Ceccantini, Gregório; Centeno Erguera , Librado R; Cerano Paredes, Julián; Cervantes Martínez , Rosalinda; Chanthorn, Wirong; Chen, Ya Jun; Ladvocat Cintra , Bruno Barçante; Cornejo Oviedo , Eladio Heriberto; Cortés Cortés , Otoniel; Matos Costa , Clayane; Couralet , Camille; Crispín De La Cruz , Doris Bianca; D'arrigo , Rosanne; David , Diego A; De Ridder , Maaike; Del Valle , Jorge Ignacio; Dobner Jr , Mário; Doucet , Jean Louis; Dünisch , Oliver; Enquist , Brian J; Esemann Quadros , Karin; Esquivel Arriaga , Gerardo; Fan , Ze Xin; Fayolle , Adeline; Bergamo Fenilli , Tatiele Anete; Ferrero , M Eugenia; Fichtler , Esther; Finnegan , Patrick M; Fontana , Claudia; Francisco , Kainana S; Fu , Pei Li; Galvão , Franklin; Gebrekirstos , Aster; Jorge A Giraldo , Jorge A Giraldo; Gloor , Emanuel; Godoy Veiga , Milena; Granato Souza , Daniela; Guerra , Anthony; Haneca , Kristof; Logan Harley , Grant; Heinrich, Ingo; Helle , Gerhard; Hornink , Bruna; Hubau , Wannes; Inga , Janet; Islam , Mahmuda; Jiang , Yu Mei; Kaib , Mark; Khamisi , Zakia Hassan; Koprowski Marcin, Marcin; Layme Huamán , Eva Trinidad; Leffler , A Joshua; Ligot , Gauthier; Lisi , Claudio Sergio; Loader , Neil J; De Almeida Lobo , Francisco; Maselli Locosselli Giuliano, Giuliano; Longhi Santos , Tomaz; Lopez , Lidio; López Hernández , María I; Penetra Cerveira Lousada , José Luís; Manzanedo , Rubén D; Marcon , Amanda K; Maxwell , Justin T; Mendoza Villa , Omar N; Nunes Menezes, Itallo Romany; Mokria , Mulugeta; Ribeiro Montóia , Valdinez; Moors , Eddy; Moreno , Miyer; Muñiz Castro , Miguel Angel; Nabais , Cristina; Nathalang , Anuttara; Ngoma , Justine; De Carvalho Nogueira Jr , Francisco; Morales Oliveira , Juliano; Morais Olmedo , Gabriela; Ortega Rodriguez , Daigard Ricardo; Rodríguez Ortíz , Carmen Eugenia; Alves Pagotto , Mariana; Panthi , Shankar; Paredes Villanueva , Kathelyn; Pérez de Lis , Gonzalo; Ponce Calderón , Laura Patricia; Portal Cahuana , Leif Armando; Pucha Cofrep , Darwin Alexander; Pumijumnong , Nathsuda; Quadri , Paulo; Ramírez , Jorge Andrés; Requena Rojas , Edilson Jimmy; Reyes Flores , Judith; de Souza Ribeiro , Adauto; Robertson , Iain; Roig , Fidel Alejandro; Roquette , José Guilherme; Rubio Camacho , Ernesto Alonso; Sánchez Salguero , Raúl; Sass Klaassen , Ute; Schöngart , Jochen; Callegari Scipioni , Marcelo; Sheppard , Paul R; Silva , Lucas C R; Slotta , Franziska; Soria Díaz , Leroy; Sousa , Luciana K V S; Speer , James; Therrell , Matthew D; Ticse Otarola , Ginette; Tomazello Filho , Mario; Torbenson , Max C A; Tor Ngern , Pantana; Touchan , Ramzi; Van den Bulcke , Jan; Vázquez Selem , Lorenzo; Velázquez Pérez , Adín H; Venegas González , Alejandro; Villalba , Ricardo; Villanueva Diaz , Jose; Vlam , Mart; Vourlitis , George; Wehenkel , Christian; Wils , Tommy; Zavaleta , Erika S; Asfaw Zewdu , Eshetu; Yong Jiang , Zhang; Zhou , Zhe Kun; Babst , Flurin
Increasing drought pressure under anthropogenic climate change may jeopardize the potential of tropical forests to capture carbon in woody biomass and act as a long-term carbon dioxide sink. To evaluate this risk, we assessed drought impacts in 483 tree-ring chronologies from across the tropics and found an overall modest stem growth decline (2.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 2.2 to 2.7%) during the 10% driest years since 1930. Stem growth declines exceeded 10% in 25% of cases and were larger at hotter and drier sites and for gymnosperms compared with angiosperms. Growth declines generally did not outlast drought years and were partially mitigated by growth stimulation in wet years. Thus, pantropical forest carbon sequestration through stem growth has hitherto shown drought resilience that may, however, diminish under future climate change.