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Effect of Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. on Methane Production, Short Chain Fatty Acids and Digestibility in vitro Ruminal Fermentation
(2024-11-01) Alegría Arnedo, Maria Cecilia; Gomez Bravo, Carlos Alfredo; Quispe Jacobo, Fredy Enrique
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of saponins derived from Chenopodium quinoa by-products on methane (CH4) production in a ruminal fermentation system under in vitro conditions. Additionally, the study included the analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD). The saponin extracts obtained from three quinoa varieties were Altiplano (AS), Quillahuaman (QS), and Salcedo (SS), and were tested at six different doses (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0mg/mL) each. Rumen fluid was obtained from two fistulated Junín breed sheep, with alfalfa hay (AH) and a 1:1 mixture of maize and bran (MB) was used as basal substrates. The data were processed in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The CH4 per dry matter (mL/g DM), after 24h of incubation significantly decreased, acetate molar concentration decreased (p<0.05) with AS (3.6%) and QS (6.4%), propionate values increased (P<0.05) to 14.4% (AS), 15.7% (QS), and 15.5% (SS), the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased (P<0.05) across all saponins treatments compared to the control and irrespective the substrates. The CH4 to TDMD ratio decreased (P<0.05) with all saponins. Methane inhibition (mL CH4/100mgTDMD) was higher by up 25.7% in the presence of AS, followed by QS at 18.7% and SS at 14.6%. The results indicate that saponins extracted from quinoa possess significant potential as feed additives for ruminants. Their application could contribute to the reduction of methane production, which would be advantageous for both livestock efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Evaluación de la calidad nutricional del heno de avena (Avena sativa), ensilado (Avena sativa asociada con Vicia sativa) y pasto natural en la cuenca Mantaro del Perú
(2024-04-01) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Pantoja Aliaga, Cesar; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Contreras Paco, Jose; Sanchez Villanueva, Humberto; Solorzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina
Los pastos cultivados, así como los pastos naturales son importantes para el desarrollo de la ganadería en los andes del Perú, así como su conservación mediante el heno y ensilado. Sin embargo, en la práctica al ser el recurso alimenticio limitado se debe optar por todas estas opciones en la medida que se garantice el equilibrio de la dieta del animal, pero cada tipo tiene su propia calidad nutricional y esta información debe conocerse para planificar las acciones que maximicen la crianza. Por ello el objetivo de la investigación fue comparar la calidad nutricional del heno de avena, ensilado de avena asociada con vicia y pasto natural. En cuanto a la calidad nutricional, se evaluaron proteína total (PT), grasa (EE), fibra cruda (FC), ceniza (CZ), extracto libre de nitrógeno (ELN), calcio (Ca), fósforo (P), fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y ácida (FDA) y energía bruta (EB). Se utilizó el Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) para el análisis de varianza y para comparar las medias entre tratamientos la prueba de diferencia límite de significancia. Las medias de valores nutricionales en PT fueron de 6.26% en el ensilado respecto al heno y pasto natural. El pasto natural obtuvo un valor de 386.92 kcal /100 g MS en energía bruta у 22.24% en FC siendo superior al resto de tratamientos. La FDN y FDA, expresaron valores de 35.64% у 21.70% menores en el ensilado considerados óptimos. El Ca y P tuvieron variaciones de forma estadística y numérica que permite clasificar al ensilado, heno y pasto natural como alimentos de alta calidad nutricional para los rumiantes.
Estimates of Soil Organic Carbon in the Ojos de Agua and El Quinillal Forests in the Central Huallaga of Peru.
(Wiley., 2024-10-05) Mendoza Lopez, Karla; Ordoñez Sanchez, Luis; Valdez Andia, Manuel Jesus; Lozano Chung, Andi; Garcia Gonzales, Patricia E.; Saavedra Ramirez, Jorge; Macedo Cordova, Wilder; Baselly-Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Reategui, Keneth; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
The Peruvian Amazon has experienced large losses of forest cover due to changes in land use, contributing to increases in CO2 in the atmosphere. This study estimated the organic carbon content of forest soil in two forests "Ojos de Agua" and "El Quinillal" in the Central Huallaga of Peru, establishing three types of cover: (i) primary, (ii) intervened, and (iii) deforested. For this purpose, 24 plots of 100 m² were established and samples were extracted at a depth of 0-20 cm. The effect of the type of forest cover on soil carbon (Organic Carbon-SOC, Inorganic Carbon-SIC, Saturated Carbon-SC, Critical Carbon-CC, Saturated Carbon Deficit-SCD, and Organic Carbon-OC) was analyzed by means of an Analysis of Variance, correlation. Likewise, the relationship between carbon (C) and soil properties was evaluated by principal component analysis and correlation network. The results indicated that the highest SOC averages were found in the primary forests of Ojos de Agua and El Quinillal with 3.54% and 2.51%. The lowest values were found in the deforested forests with 1.34% and 1.46%. The calculation of the saturated C levels of the soil showed an average of 28.63% ± 2.14% and the saturated carbon deficit of 26.63% ± 2.45%, whereas the critical threshold of C showed an average of 2.21% ± 0.18%. The highest SOC content found in the Ojos de Agua primary forest is due to the presence of dominant forest species such as Manilkara bidentata and Brosimum alicastrum. Likewise, the C deficit in the soils of the study area is very alarming because it is very close to saturation levels, especially in deforested forests.
Evaluation of the Flood Area in the Presence of Climate Change: Ravine La Ronda Case, Ricardo Palma, Peru
(Horizon Research Publishing, 2024-11-13) Perez Campomanes, Giovene; Perez Campomanes, Maria; Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel
In the district of Ricardo Palma, human settlements are located near streams, which are seriously affected during the heavy flooding season (rainy season), which increases due to the presence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the global effect of climate change. To get to know the flood zone 09 de Octubre - La Ronda, Ricardo Palma, software was applied to obtain the area of influence to study, and to know 10.5 software was applied to obtain the area of influence to study, and to know the rainfall record of the National Water Service. Meteorology and Hydrology of Perú(SENAMHI) for a continuous period of 27 years of maximum daily rainfall, with the HEC HMS 4.9 software the maximum design flows for different return periods were obtained, and the HEC RAS 6.2 software to obtain the flooding area. To find out the support of the authorities in the presence of the Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the global effect of climate change, a survey was carried out among the population, obtaining that 14.43% had the appropriate conditions to mitigate the impacts of the flooding due to intense rains, 22.93% received help in the presence of the El Niño phenomenon, and for 20.75%, there was a response from their authorities to the needs of the population in the presence of an emergency, and no changes that benefit the population were distinguished. The maximum design flows were calculated for a return period of 10 and 100 years, which vary between 31.7 m³/s and 61.2 m³/s, and that for a design flow of 61.2 m³/s, the flooding area of 0.25 km² was obtained.
Forest land-use change affects soil organic carbon in tropical dry forests of the Peruvian Amazon
(CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), 2024-10-22) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Lozano Chung, Andi; Ordoñez Sanchez, Luis; Garcia Gonzales, Patricia; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Mendoza Caballero, Wilfredo; Macedo Cordova, Wilder; Saavedra Ramirez , Jorge; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Marin, Cesar
Aim of study: The loss of forest cover is a global problem that alters ecosystems, contributing to carbon emissions. This study measured the soil organic carbon (SOC) at different soil depth in tropical dry forests of the Huallaga Central in the Peruvian Amazon. Area of study: San Martín Region, Peruvian Amazon. Material and methods: A total of 24 plots of 100 m² were selected in primary (~200 years), intervened (~50 years since intervention), and deforested forests (10 years ago), with 120 soil samples collected across five depths. Soil texture (hydrometer), bulk density (cylinder method), SOC content, SOC density, and erodibility (K parameter) were calculated. Main results: SOC content in the 0-20 cm soil horizon was 79.5±21.3 t ha-¹ for the primary forest, 58.5±11.8 t ha-¹ for the intervened forest, and 41.8±10 t ha-¹ for the deforested forest. A soil erodibility K of 0.065 was observed for primary forests and 0.076 and 0.093 for intervened and deforested forests. In average, the SOC density obtained in this study was 7.6±5.1 t ha-¹ in the primary forest, 6.2±3.6 t ha-¹ in the intervened forest, and 4.7±2.7 in the deforested forest. Research highlights: Primary forests had the highest SOC content and SOC density, followed by intervened and deforested forests, while the opposite pattern was found for soil erodibility. These patterns were especially marked in the first 40 cm of soil depth.
Habitat Suitability Distribution of Genus Gynoxys Cass. (Asteraceae): An Approach to Conservation and Ecological Restoration of the Andean Flora in Peru.
(MDPI, Basel, Switzerland., 2025-03-10) Coronel Castro, Elver; Meza Mori, Gerson; Pariente Mondragon, Eli; Haro, Nixon; Oliva Cruz, Manuel; Barboza , Elgar; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos A.; Revilla Pantigoso, Italo; Tariq , Aqil; Guzman Valqui, Betty Karina
The study used species distribution models (MaxEnt) to analyze the ecological suitability of the genus Gynoxys in Peru. Bioclimatic, edaphic and topographic variables were integrated to predict areas with high development potential. Potential distribution maps were generated, and model validation showed outstanding performance (AUC > 0.9). The results indicated that variables such as minimum temperature in the warmest season and soil moisture are determinants in the distribution of the Discoide, Gynoxys and Praegynoxys clades. It is concluded that the conservation of the genus requires protection strategies to ensure the sustainability of these montane ecosystems.
INFLUENCIA DE LA GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA SOBRE LA EJECUCIÓN PRESUPUESTAL DE PROYECTOS EN CAMÉLIDOS EN EL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INNOVACION AGRARIA INIA PUNO
(2024-05-01) Yucra Yucra, Yovana Bertha; Zeballos Cabana, Julio Cesar
El presente estudio influencia de la gestión administrativa sobre la ejecución presupuestal de proyectos en camélidos en INIA Puno, se realizó en seis proyectos de inversión pública, los objetivos fueron analizar la programación presupuestal y su incidencia en la ejecución presupuestal y determinar el nivel de eficacia de la ejecución presupuestal institucional respecto al PIM. La metodología usada fue la técnica de recolección de información (datos) directamente de los proyectos, el estudio fue descriptivo – explicativo, con diseño no experimental, para el análisis de datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva (frecuencias y porcentajes). Los resultados obtenidos para programación e incidencia de la ejecución presupuestal fueron 75.78%, 71.05%, 87.72%, 91.43%, 83.81%, 75.59% para los PI_063, 067, 072, 074, 078 y 133 respectivamente, para nivel de eficacia de ejecución de gasto según rango de calificación del MEF fue 0.98, 0.86, 0.70 y 0.48 para los años 2016, 2017, 2018 y 2019 respectivamente. Se concluye que el nivel de eficacia para el periodo 2016 y 2017 fue muy bueno y regular respectivamente, para los periodos 2018 y 2019 fue deficiente
INIA 333 – CHUGAYNA new Potato Variety Resilient to Climate Change for the Family Farming System with Tolerance to Frost, Resistant to Late Blight and high Quality for Fresh Consumption
(Springer Nature, 2025-02-11) Cabrera Hoyos, Hector Antonio; Otiniano, Ronal; Pando Gomez, Rosemeri Veronica; Sanchez Garcia, Henry; Huamanchay Rodriguez, William; Perez, Juan M.; de Haan, Stef; Gastelo, Manuel
The new potato variety INIA 333–CHUGAYNA, is the result of the joint work of the NGO Asociación Pataz, INIA and the International Potato Center, it was generated through traditional breeding and the use of the participatory varietal selection methodology, as a variety resilient to climate change with frost tolerance, resistance to late blight, compared to the improved variety INIA 302-Amarilis and the native varieties, Huevo de Indio. This new variety is also resilient to climate change, tolerant to frost, with field resistance to late blight, high tuber yield, low glycoalkaloid content and high quality for fresh consumption, adapted up to 4000 m above sea level. It was released in 2023 and officially registered in the national registry of commercial varieties of Peru. The new variety INIA 333-CHUGAYNA requires minimal use of fungicides and has a high economic profitability that will improve the living standards of small and medium-sized farmers in Peru. It can also be used as a parent in breeding programs in other countries in development, to confront climate change, especially frost.
Holistic sustainability in cattle ranching: A tri-dimensional framework for social, economic, and environmental resilience
(2025-01-08) Tafur Culqui, Josue; Gomez Fernandez, Darwin; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Taboada Mitma, Victor H.; Quichua Baldeon, Rosalia; Arce Inga, Marielita; Anchayhua, Janella; Rabanal Oyarse, Raul; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Tineo Flores, Daniel
Sustainability is a multidisciplinary concept that integrates social, economic, and environmental dimensions. To assess sustainability in production systems, this study employed a multidimensional approach, using indicators that reflect these three dimensions. The research focused on understanding the current dynamics of livestock farming by surveying 120 livestock farmers who provided prior consent. Indicators were quantified using a weighted scale, where values close to 10 represented the most desirable conditions, and values near 0 indicated the least desirable. The findings revealed key insights across the three dimensions. Social dimension: The age of the farmer emerged as a significant factor, with agricultural training playing a secondary role. Economic dimension: Annual yield and economic dependency on livestock farming were identified as critical factors y, Environmental dimension: Farm specialization, water availability, and soil erosion were highlighted as essential indicators for sustainable development. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between these indicators. More experienced producers tended to rely more heavily on livestock farming for their income, achieving higher yields but often at the cost of intensive land use. These results underscore the need for balanced actions to promote sustainability, such as reducing social inequalities, diversifying animal production, supporting ongoing training for farmers, improving water management practices. In conclusion, achieving sustainability in livestock farming requires a holistic approach that balances social, economic, and environmental factors. Addressing these areas can enhance both the sustainability of production systems and the quality of life for livestock farmers.
First characterization of somatic proteins of trematodes of the family Paramphistomidae by SDS-PAGE isolated from cattle from the Cajamarca region, Peru.
(Research Square, 2024-12-02) Fernandez Mendoza, Charito Jennyfer; Tayca Saldaña, Antony; Cueva Rodriguez, Medali; Aliaga Tambo, Hector Fernando; Hoban Vergara, Cristian; Rodriguez Ulloa, Claudia; Alvarez Garcia, Wuesley Yuesmein; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Cabrera Gonzalez, Marco Antonio
Paramphistomosis is a gastrointestinal parasitic disease with high prevalence in tropical and subtropical areas. This study characterized somatic proteins of adult trematodes of the Paramphistomidae family by SDS-PAGE. 630 adult parasites were collected from the rumen and reticulum of slaughtered cattle in Cajamarca, Peru. 21 protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 15 kDa to 119 kDa were identified. These findings may contribute to alternative control programs, including the development of vaccines and selection of appropriate drugs.