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Aislamiento e identificación molecular de hongos en bananos con y sin manchas foliares
(Universidad de Costa Rica, 2026-04-08) Mogollón Farias, César Augusto; Cordova Campos, Jose Stalyn; Garcia Garcia, Segundo Melecio; Ruiz Polo, Archi Alejandro; Mialhe, Eric
Introducción. La estructura foliar del banano es un factor determinante en el rendimiento y desarrollo del cultivo. La composición microbiana en manchas foliares es relevante para entender la aparición y propagación de enfermedades. Objetivo. Realizar el aislamiento e identificación molecular de hongos en bananos con y sin manchas foliares. Materiales y métodos. En el año 2019 se realizó una investigación con diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo y nivel descriptivo, utilizando hojas de banano de Musa acuminata (cv. IC2) con manchas (HCM) y sin manchas (HSM), recolectadas en una parcela agrícola con manejo convencional situada en el norte del Perú. En medios de cultivo microbiológicos se cultivaron fragmentos de hojas de 5 x 5 mm, se aislaron cepas fúngicas caracterizándose por sus macroestructuras, se extrajo ADN de las cepas y se realizó una PCR convencional dirigida a la región ITS de hongos de 700 pb. Luego, los productos PCR se secuenciaron por el método de Sanger en doble cadena. Posteriormente, se realizaron las asignaciones taxonómicas a nivel de especie utilizando la herramienta BLAST, basada en la comparación por homología con secuencias del GenBank. Resultados. Se identificaron un total de once especies fúngicas en HCM y ocho en HSM, abarcando tanto especies fitopatógenas como no fitopatógenas. Las especies predominantes en el HCM fueron Fusarium spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides y Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Además, se observó que HCM compartía tres géneros con HSM: Nigrospora, Cladosporium y Fusarium. Conclusión. Se realizó el aislamiento e identificación molecular de hongos en bananos con y sin manchas foliares, hallándose especies fitopatógenas y benéficas.
Endophytic Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates suppress Lasiodiplodia theobromae-associated dieback in blueberry under arid coastal conditions
(Nature Portfolio / Springer Nature, 2026-03-31) Villanueva Olivera, William; Valladolid Suyón, Esteban; Palomino Arias, Mickel; Paredes Jacinto, Juan Carlos; Rivas, Johan; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Jaramillo Carrión, María
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) production represents one of the main pillars of Peruvian agro-exports; however, its sustainability is increasingly threatened by wood-infecting fungal diseases such as dieback. This study was conducted in the Nuevo Proyecto–Olmos area (Lambayeque, Peru), covering a total cultivated area of 176 ha. The objectives were to molecularly identify the fungal pathogens associated with blueberry dieback to perform a preliminary evaluation of the antagonistic potential of endophytic microorganisms. Pathogens were isolated and characterized using morphological and molecular approaches, followed by pathogenicity tests and in vitro efficacy assays of beneficial microorganisms. Disease incidence was dominated by Lasiodiplodia spp., followed by Neopestalotiopsis, Fusarium, and Diaporthe. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most prevalent and aggressive species, confirming its association with the observed disease symptoms. For the genus Lasiodiplodia, temperatures between 25 and 30 °C favored mycelial growth, whereas 20 °C and 35 °C limited development. Endophytic isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. inhibited pathogen mycelial growth by more than 60% under in vitro conditions. These findings highlight the potential of beneficial microorganisms as preliminary candidates for the biological control of wood-infecting fungi in blueberry production systems.
Identification of Metamasius hemipterus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and its biological control through the use of species of the genus Beauveria and Metarhizium. Amazonas, Peru
(Frontiers Media S.A, 2026-01-12) Leiva Espinoza, Santos Triunfo; Román Peña, Alcides; Aguilar, Vilma; Requejo, Elizabeth; Meza Maicelo, Wagner; Banda Martinez, Duber; Huaman Pilco, Ángel Fernando; Loyola , Fredy; Loja, Melissa; Oliva Cruz, Manuel; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge
Biological control of insect pests represents a key strategy toward sustainable agriculture. This study, focused on the morphological and molecular identification of the sugarcane weevil, Metamasius hemipterus, (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), and on the evaluation of the biocontrol potential of four entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria peruviensis, and Metarhizium sp. Molecular identification was conducted through phylogenetic analysis, while morphological identification was based on the description of characteristics following established protocols. Both approaches confirmed the identity of the pest as Metamasius hemipterus L. Bioassays were carried out under a completely randomized design, testing four conidial concentrations, plus a control. Metarhizium anisopliae at 1 × 10¹⁰ conidia/mL was the most virulent, producing the highest mortality and exhibiting the lowest lethal concentration (LC₅₀ = 2.68 × 10⁹ conidia/mL) against Metamasius hemipterus adults. Conversely, Beauveria peruviensis at 1 × 10¹⁴ conidia/mL achieved the highest colonization efficiency in insect cadavers, with a mycosis rate of 99.4%. These findings indicate that Beauveria peruviensis and Metarhizium anisopliae are promising biological control agents against the sugarcane weevil, the major pest of sugarcane in the Amazonas region of Peru.
Agroecosystems with greater canopy cover increase soil organic carbon density and reduce soil erodibility in the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-03-11) Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: Soil degradation in tropical agricultural landscapes represents one of the major challenges for sustainability and food security, particularly in the Peruvian Amazon. In this region, the loss of vegetative cover alters carbon storage and increases vulnerability to erosion. This study evaluated how gradients of canopy structure in representative agroecosystems—cassava with no canopy (CV-S), oil palm with intermediate canopy density (OP-S), cacao with medium-density canopy (CC-S), and coffee with high-density canopy (CF-S)—influence soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and erodibility (K factor). Methods: A total of 1,049 soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected across three Amazonian regions and analyzed for their physical, chemical, and textural properties, complemented by multivariate and geostatistical analyses using ordinary kriging. Results: Results showed that SOCD increased consistently with canopy density, from 32.68 t C ha⁻¹ in CV-S to 82.64 t C ha⁻¹ in CF-S. The Factor K exhibited the opposite pattern, decreasing from 0.31 to 0.16 as tree cover increased, indicating greater resistance to erosion. Erodibility was primarily determined by soil texture, with a strong positive correlation associated to silt content (r = 0.89) and a negative with sand content (r = –0.74). Likewise, SOCD showed a very high correlation with total nitrogen (r = 0.96), reflecting a tight coupling between carbon accumulation and nutrient availability under denser canopies. Principal component analysis further revealed that dense-canopy systems are related to higher SOCD and total nitrogen, whereas canopy-free systems are linked to higher bulk density and greater susceptibility to erosion. Discussion: Spatial modeling showed that agroecosystems with more developed canopies exhibit better spatial structure and predictive performance, indicating a more stable edaphic organization under dense tree cover. Taken together, the results demonstrate that canopy structure functions as a key ecological regulator in Amazonian agroecosystems, with higher canopy cover promoting greater soil carbon accumulation while reducing soil erodibility. This highlights that dense-canopy systems, such as coffee and cacao, represent effective strategies to strengthen the sustainability and resilience of agricultural landscapes in the Peruvian Amazon.
Boosting biomass and leaf area with biol: morphological and yield responses of Pennisetum in the Peruvian highlands
(MDPI, 2026-03-31) Huaman Lizana, Darwin; Tarifa, Waldyr; Rodriguez, Misael; Tecsi Taipe, Sayda; López Mendoza, Yolvi; Ruiz Llontop, Deysi; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo; Vásquez, Héctor V.; Mejía, Flor L.; Paucar, Ysai
The intensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture contributes to environmental pollution, which has driven the search for sustainable alternatives such as organic fertilizers. Among these, biofertilizer has garnered interest due to its potential to improve crop growth and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of biofertilizer: Bio Chumbinia (standardized) and traditional biofertilizer, as well as a control treatment (water), on the morphology, growth, yield, and leaf area of Maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp.). Morphological and growth variables were measured every 14 days, while yield and leaf area were evaluated in two successive periods corresponding to 42 days of growth. The results indicated that most morphological and growth parameters were significantly influenced by treatment, time, and evaluation (p < 0.05), except for tiller number, blade number, and the blade emergence rate (p > 0.05). Bio Chumbinia showed superior values compared with the control at 6.0 cm for plant height, 0.1 cm/day in the growth rate, 4.1 cm for blade length, and 1.2 mm for blade width; when compared with the traditional biol, the values were similar. The growth rate and leaf emergence peaked on day 14 and subsequently declined. The fresh and dry matter yields were consistently higher on Bio Chumbinia treatment than others (p < 0.05). Although no differences were found for blade weight and leaf area between Bio Chumbinia and the control, the leaf area in Bio Chumbinia was 1400 cm2 more than the control. The second evaluation showed improved productivity, which is consistent with the higher values on the morphological characteristics. No differences were observed in the leaf-to-stem + sheath dry matter ratio. These results demonstrate the potential of Bio Chumbinia to improve the productive performance of Maralfalfa as a foliar fertilizer in sustainable agricultural systems in Peru.
Improving clonal propagation of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla with indole-3-butyric acid
(Universidad Austral de Chile / Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, 2026-03-26) Casas Niño, Sebastián; Mondragón Aguirre, Gino; Lozano Isla, Flavio; Cuellar Bautista, José Eloy
The Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid is characterized by its rapid growth and high productivity, which has led to an increasing demand for its propagation in nurseries. To preserve these desirable traits, it is essential to establish clonal gardens and apply effective clonal propagation methods. With the aim of advancing knowledge on asexual propagation techniques, this study evaluates the influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and a commercial formulation combining IBA and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the rooting and root development of cuttings of this hybrid. To achieve this, cuttings were collected from a clonal garden and subjected to five rooting treatments: T0 (control) with 0 ppm IBA; T1 with 1,000 ppm IBA; T2 with 1,500 ppm IBA; T3 with 2,000 ppm IBA; and T4, a commercial formulation containing 4,000 ppm NAA and 1,000 ppm IBA. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design (CRD) with 90 experimental units. After treatment application, the cuttings were placed in a greenhouse for 30 days. At the end of this period, rooting percentage, mortality rate, number of roots, root length, and root dry weight were assessed. The results indicated that T2 and T4 exhibited the best performance in terms of rooting and root development. Furthermore, comparison with other studies revealed that excessively high concentrations of IBA can exert toxic effects on cuttings. Overall, the study concludes that IBA, either alone or in combination with NAA, positively influences the rhizogenesis process of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla cuttings, increasing rooting percentage by up to 62% compared to the control.
Evaluation of nutrient extraction and uptake by forage grasses under high Andean mountain conditions in Peru
(Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology (AJAB), 2026-03-20) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Lopez Rodríguez, Melina; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
This study evaluated nutrient extraction and uptake in native forage grasses (Festuca dolichophylla and Calamagrostis chrysantha) and improved species (Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata) at 4,100 m a.s.l. in the Peruvian Andes using a completely randomized design. Results revealed significant interspecific variability in nutrient accumulation. Dactylis glomerata showed superior macronutrient accumulation, particularly Mg, while Lolium perenne achieved highest K extraction (0.07 t ha⁻¹) and biomass production. Native species demonstrated lower nutritional demands: Festuca dolichophylla reached maximum dry matter production (6 t ha⁻¹), while Calamagrostis chrysantha showed elevated Ca and P concentrations. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn (r = 0.7-1.0), indicating coordinated uptake mechanisms. Nickel exhibited negative correlations with P (r = -0.6) and K (r = -0.5). Improved species require intensive fertilization, while native species offer sustainable alternatives for low-input high-altitude systems.
Prevalence of Brucella melitensis in creole goats raised in extensive systems in the tropical dry forest of Amazonas, Peru
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – Escola de Veterinária, 2025-11-03) Tafur Gutierrez, Lucinda; Alva Tafur, Gudelio; Godoy Padilla, David José; Frías, H.; Arista, M.A.; Bardales, W.; Encina, R.; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Murga, N.L.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência da Brucella melitensis em populações de cabras nativas de Utcubamba, situada na região amazônica do Peru. Foram coletadas 354 amostras de sangue de cabras de vários sexos e idades de 18 produtores dos distritos de Bagua Grande, El Milagro e Cumba. Cada produtor preencheu um questionário sobre a presença da doença. As amostras de sangue foram centrifugadas para extrair o soro, armazenadas a -20°C e posteriormente analisadas por meio de um teste ELISA indireto. Os resultados não indicaram nenhum caso positivo de Brucella melitensis em Utcubamba. Esse resultado pode ser atribuído, em grande parte, à ausência de movimentação de animais Prevalence of… Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.77, n.6, 2025 5 reprodutores de outras regiões e à implementação de um programa de controle e erradicação pelo Serviço Nacional de Saúde Agrária (SENASA) desde 2000. Utcubamba é considerada livre de Brucella melitensis devido a dois fatores principais: o consumo limitado de leite de cabra na região e a ausência de animais reprodutores introduzidos de áreas potencialmente infectadas. Essas condições atenuam substancialmente o risco de transmissão e refletem um ambiente favorável à saúde das populações caprinas locais.
Spatial modelling of soil quality index using regression–kriging and delineation of nutrient management zones in high-Andean quinoa fields, southern Peru
(MDPI, 2025-12-29) Cuellar Condori, Nestor Edwin; Mejia Maita, Sharon Yahaira; Quiñones Trejo, Robert Adrián; Mercado Chinchay, Ruth Lizbeth; Silva Ali, Cristhian; Chávez Zea, Karla Licelly; Ccosi, Elvis; Cahuide, Madeleiny; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando
The pronounced heterogeneity of high-Andean soils constitutes a critical constraint to the sustainable productivity of quinoa in southern Peru, where current yields (1.6 t ha⁻¹) remain well below potential (>5 t ha⁻¹). This study aimed to develop a spatially predictive model of a weighted soil quality index (SQIw), the edaphic supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and the agricultural gypsum requirement by integrating edaphoclimatic covariates through regression–kriging. A total of 198 quinoa-cultivated soil samples were analysed; a minimum data set (MDS) was defined using correlation and principal component analyses, and regression–kriging was applied to map SQIw and the variables of interest. The MDS comprised electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), available P, exchangeable Na, sand, clay, and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC); exchangeable Na (Wi = 0.160) and available P (Wi = 0.158) received the largest weights in the SQIw. SQIw values ranged from 0.22 to 0.84 and supported a five-class soil quality taxonomy; spatial modelling revealed a dominance of moderate-quality soils across the territory (85.21% of the agricultural area, 13,461.19 ha). The model achieved R² = 0.56, RMSE = 0.05, and MAE = 0.04 for SQIw. Most of the area (12,175.65 ha; 77%) exhibited an intermediate gypsum requirement (9.73–14.33 t ha⁻¹). Nitrogen and phosphorus showed the greatest territorial limitations, whereas potassium was largely non-limiting (84.82–570.17 kg ha⁻¹). These results indicate that sodicity and N–P deficiencies are the primary functional constraints; the generated maps enable prioritisation of gypsum amendments and targeted variable-rate fertilisation strategies to optimise the sustainability of quinoa production in the Altiplano.
Assessment of flood-prone areas in the Lacramarca River Basin in the Santa Clemencia and Pampadura region, Peru, under climate change effects
(MDPI, 2026-03-26) Pérez Camponanes, Giovene; Romero Valdez, Karla Karina; Martínez García, Víctor Manuel; Cacciuttolo, Carlos; Bernal Camacho, Jesús Manuel; Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel
Floods are among the extreme events associated with climate variability in the Lacramarca River basin, located in the department of Ancash, Peru. Meteorological phenomena such as El Niño during the periods 1982–1983 and 1997–1998, as well as the Coastal El Niño in 2017, constitute key reference events that motivated the development of the present study, based on a case study conducted in the area between the rural settlements of Santa Clemencia and Pampadura. This research is based on maximum precipitation data derived from historical climate records and from the climate scenarios ACCESS 1-3, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-MR, as well as the median projected scenario for 2050, obtained from the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI) data platform. This information was analyzed considering the spatial location of the basin and its position relative to the area of interest, using Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves. To demonstrate the changes in the river hydrological behavior before and after the 2017 Coastal El Niño event, a Random Forest modeling approach was applied using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Design peak discharges for return periods of 50, 100, and 140 years were estimated using the HEC-HMS software. Hydraulic simulation of the Lacramarca River basin, carried out using HEC-RAS version 6.7 beta 3 and IBER version 3.3.1 software, made it possible to identify flood-prone areas affecting agricultural land and areas adjacent to population centers, covering 149,000 m² and 172,000 m² for return periods of 100 and 140 years, respectively, based on information from the historical scenario. In contrast, using data from the 2050 projection scenario, affected areas of 242,000 m² and 323,000 m² were estimated for the same return periods.