- Bienvenidos al Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Comunidades en el Repositorio
Seleccione una comunidad para explorar sus colecciones.
Envíos recientes
Spatial variation of acidic sodic soils in high-andean environments and theoretical estimation of gypsum requirement
(John Wiley, 2026-06-03) Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Hermoza Ayme, Nilton Alexander; Mejia Maita, Sharon Yahaira; Ccosi Mamani, Elvis David; Miranda Quispe, Dalmecio; Choquechambi Apaza, Luz Aleida; Choquehuanca Murillo, Katherin Heidy; Carrasco Ordoñez, Edgar Raddy; Cuellar Condori, Néstor Edwin
High-Andean forage systems are characterized by extensive management of cultivated forages, primarily through rotation of forage oats (Avena sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), under marginal edaphoclimatic conditions. Within this context, soil sodicity severely constrains the productivity of these systems in the districts of Ayaviri and Macarí, Melgar Province, Peru. However, spatially explicit information on gypsum requirements (GR) for sodic-soil reclamation remains unavailable. To address this gap, this study aimed to: (i) develop a weighted Soil Quality Index (SQIw) for sodic soils, (ii) delineate sodicity-affected areas across districts, soil classes and environmental conditions and (iii) generate high-resolution maps of gypsum requirements using regression kriging (RK). A total of 1273 soil samples were analysed in high-altitude areas of Ayaviri and Macarí. Key sodicity-related variables included exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), clay flocculating charge and Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) selected through Pearson correlation and principal component analysis to construct the SQIw, while regression kriging was used to generate spatially explicit gypsum requirement maps. Results showed wide variability in pH and ESP, reflecting heterogeneous sodicity conditions across the study area, with Macarí presenting higher soil quality (SQIw = 0.61) than Ayaviri (SQIw = 0.44). Sandy loam soils and acid saline–sodic soils exhibited the greatest vulnerability. Regression kriging achieved high predictive accuracy for GR estimation (R² = 0.97 in Ayaviri; R² = 0.85 in Macarí), enabling precise delineation of priority intervention zones. The resulting GR maps provide a robust basis for site-specific gypsum application, improving amendment efficiency, reducing unnecessary costs and supporting sustainable sodicity management in vulnerable High-Andean agroecosystems.
A new species of Neorthopleura (coleoptera: cleridae: korynetinae) from northern Peru
(Springer, 2026-06-30) Chuquibala-Checan, Beimer; Hernández May, Manuel A.; Leavengood, John M. Jr.; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Goñas Goñas, Malluri
Neorthopleura pomahuacensis Hernández-May, Chuquibala-Checan and Leavengood, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae) from Pomahuaca, Peru, is described. This beetle species is named after the locality where it was collected. Similar species are discussed and the lectotype of N. suturalis (Chevrolat, 1874) is illustrated for comparison.
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 30 de junio 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06-30) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
Durante el mes de junio 2026 se incorporaron 48 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 3055 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA.
Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 30 de junio del 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06-30) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Al cierre del mes de junio del 2026, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 224 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico.
Genetic structure of traditional cacao reveals four new genetic lineages in indigenous Amazonian sites in Peru
(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2026-07-06) Motilal, Lambert A.; Calderon, Martha S.; Bustamante, Danilo E.; Gopaulchan, David; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Márquez Romero, Fanny R,; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Díaz Valderrama, Jorge R.; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Oliva, Manuel; Umaharan, Pathmanathan
Cacao genetic resources in Peru are largely uncharacterized. Knowledge of their genetic structure is needed for their conservation and use. Indigenous on-farm cacao trees (n = 390) from the Departments of Amazonas (n = 130), Ayacucho (n = 76), Cajamarca (n = 1), Cusco (n = 110), Madre de Dios (n = 10), Piura (n = 59), San Martín (n = 3) and Ucayali (n = 1) in Peru were fingerprinted with 192 single nucleotide polymorphic markers. Identity, group differentiation, phylogenetic, multivariate and ancestry analyses were conducted. Four new populations were identified guided by phylogenetic, accepted ancestral backgrounds of reference samples and least admixture among samples. The cacao from these eight Departments were variably mixed containing both pure members of new populations and admixed samples with these new populations and Amelonado, Contamana, Criollo, Curaray, Guiana, Iquitos, Marañon, Nacional, Nanay and Púrus. The findings of this study suggest that while the cacao germplasm is genetically related across different departments, each region harbors its own distinct genetic composition. The Clade IV (Chuncho 2) population was associated with the Contamana cluster and Clade I (Chuncho 1) was associated with Purus cluster. Clades II (Awajun) and III (Porcelana) were associated with the Nacional cluster. The ancestry of the economically desired CCN 51 cultivar was revealed to be better assigned as 15% Amelonado, 13% Criollo, 25% Iquitos and 45% Awajun. The results of this study will improve the understanding of the genetic landscape in Peru, enhance genebank collections in Peru and enable the differentiation of the fine flavour industry in Peru. The new groups of cacao identified in this study will help understand the genetic structuring of cacao and represent a valuable new resource to search for valuable traits for breeding and commercialization programmes in the fine flavour cacao industry in Peru.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community shifts driven by heavy metals in cocoa agroecosystems at different crop age
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2026-06-09) Del Aguila Torres, Cecil Eduardo; Pezo Torres, Maria Nelly; Vega Herrera, Sergio Sebastian; Verde Girbau, Carlos; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Paz Urrelo, Jorge Luis
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an economically important tropical crop, but its production is increasingly constrained by strict regulations related to heavy metal accumulation in soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key biological component of cocoa agroecosystems due to their role in soil processes and plant nutrition. However, information on AMF diversity and their response to heavy metals remains limited. In this study, AMF communities were evaluated in cocoa plantations of different ages established under contrasting heavy metal conditions. A total of 53 AMF taxa were identified, indicating high fungal richness across all plantations. No significant differences were found in α-diversity indices or community composition among plantation ages. In contrast, multivariate analyses showed that variation in AMF community structure was primarily associated with soil heavy metal gradients, particularly cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). Species-level models revealed contrasting responses among taxa, with both positive and negative associations along Cd and Zn gradients, suggesting differential tolerance strategies. Overall, these results indicate that edaphic factors, especially heavy metal concentrations, play a more important role than plantation age in shaping AMF community composition. These findings provide a basis for identifying AMF taxa adapted to metal-enriched soils and for developing management strategies that support sustainable cocoa production.
Divergent effects of a Bacillus biofertilizer immobilized in guinea pig manure biochar: Boosting productivity vs. enhancing nutritional quality in maca monocultures
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-03) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Carranza Ramirez, Ana; Vera Obando, Nora; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Arias Arredondo, Alberto Gilmer; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Saavedra Flores, Excela Elizabeth; Quispe Apaza , Cinthia Sheila; Mamani Rojas, Lizbeth Margarita; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Montes Osorio, Angel; Agapito Panta, Juan; Oscco Laura, Persing; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David
Intensive monoculture of maca (Lepidium meyenii) in the Peruvian Andes induces edaphic degradation, requiring sustainable amendments. We evaluated the agronomic and nutritional effects of a Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer immobilized in guinea-pig manure biochar, contrasting it with its individual components. A field experiment was conducted in Junín, Peru (4449 m a.s.l.) using a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control, biochar alone (3 L m⁻²), liquid B. subtilis (125 L ha⁻¹, 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹) and biochar + B. subtilis. Plant establishment, yield, nutritional quality, and hypocotyl nutrient content were evaluated. Results revealed a functional divergence between treatments. Biochar-based treatments (alone and combined) significantly increased plant density (up to 49 vs. 29 m⁻² in the control) and yield (1290–1500 vs. 550 kg ha⁻¹), associated with greater K accumulation (up to 22,252 mg kg⁻¹; p < 0.001). In contrast, B. subtilis alone primarily enhanced nutritional quality, resulting in the highest protein (3.88 g 100 g⁻¹) and fat (0.24 g 100 g⁻¹) contents. The combined treatment achieved the highest individual plant weight (10.1 g) and high yields; however, it did not retain the quality-related benefits, exhibiting the lowest protein content (3.34 g 100 g⁻¹). Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed this functional separation: biochar was associated with a mineral–productivity gradient, whereas B. subtilis aligned with a proximate–nutritional gradient. These findings indicate that biochar primarily acts as edaphic conditioner driving productivity, while B. subtilis enhances nutritional quality. The absence of full synergism in the combined treatment suggests independent modes of action, resulting in a yield–quality trade-off. This enables the design of differentiated fertilization strategies tailored either toward maximum productivity (biochar alone) or premium nutritional quality (B. subtilis alone).
Metales pesados en cultivos agrícolas del Perú: Una revisión sistemática y análisis bibliométrico
(Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, 2026-05-17) Ruiz Polo, Archi Alejandro; Cordova Campos, José Stalyn; Mogollón Farias, César Augusto; Garcia Garcia, Segundo Melecio; Guerrero Padilla, Ana Marlene
El presente trabajo corresponde a una revisión sistemática y análisis bibliométrico sobre la presencia de metales pesados en cultivos agrícolas en el Perú durante el periodo 2015-2025. Se realizó la búsqueda de información en las bases Scopus y ScienceDirect aplicando el protocolo PRISMA. El procesamiento y análisis de los datos se efectuó utilizando los programas R Studio (v.4.5), QGIS (v.3.36.1), Microsoft Excel (v.16) y el modelo de lenguaje de inteligencia artificial ChatGPT (v.GPT-5, OpenAI). Como resultado, solo 19 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los cultivos identificados con presencia de metales pesados abarcan grupos como cereales, leguminosas, hortalizas, raíces, tubérculos, plantas aromáticas, medicinales y frutales. Entre los metales evaluados, el cadmio (Cd) estuvo presente en todos los grupos, mientras que el arsénico (As) en parte de los cultivos evaluados. Del análisis temporal realizado no se registraron investigaciones durante los años 2015 y 2016; sin embargo, a partir de 2017 se observó un incremento progresivo en el número de publicaciones, alcanzando un alto nivel en 2023 con el 31,6% de los estudios, seguido de fluctuaciones posteriores hasta el año 2025. Geográficamente, se encontró que los estudios se han realizado en 12 regiones, correspondientes al 48 % del total de gobiernos regionales del Perú, concentrándose principalmente en la Sierra (zona altoandina) y de manera limitada en la Costa y la Selva (Amazonía). Estos hallazgos evidencian la existencia de contaminación y procesos de bioacumulación de metales pesados en cultivos agrícolas, lo que constituye un problema relevante para la salud pública y la seguridad alimentaria. No obstante, se identifica como principal vacío científico la limitada cobertura geográfica y la escasez de estudios en zonas de Costa y Selva, así como la falta de investigaciones longitudinales y estandarizadas que evalúen la dinámica de bioacumulación y sus riesgos para la salud humana, lo que resalta la necesidad de desarrollar estudios integrales y sostenidos en estas regiones.
Prevalencia, gravedad y factores asociados a lesiones pulmonares en cerdos sacrificados en un camal de Huaura, Perú
(Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2026-06-30) Delzo Alvines, Raúl; Velásquez Vergara, Carlomagno; Velásquez Rosazza, Claudia Lucia
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia, gravedad y factores asociados a lesiones pulmonares en cerdos sacrificados en un camal de la provincia de Huaura, Perú. La investigación se realizó entre mayo y junio de 2023. Se evaluaron 1036 pulmones de cerdos, clasificados por categoría (gorrinos, reproductores), tipo de granja (tecnificada, no tecnificada) y sexo (macho, hembra). Las lesiones neumónicas se categorizaron en una escala de 0 a 5, según la extensión de la consolidación pulmonar. El 88.2% de los pulmones tuvieron lesiones neumónicas, siendo de 11.8, 15.2, 24.1, 22.3, 24.9 y 1.6% las frecuencias para los grados 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5, respectivamente. El tipo de granja, categoría animal y el sexo no tuvieron una asociación significativa con la presentación de lesiones pulmonares (p>0.05).
Production and nutritional value of milk from Creole goats fed with different levels of sweet potato vine flour (Ipomoea batata)
(Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2026-06-22) Trillo Zárate, Fritz Carlos; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Acosta Granados, Irene Carol; Ruíz Chamorro, José Antonio; Rodríguez Vargas, Aníbal Raúl; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Objectives: In South America, goats largely depend on natural pastures, which often lack adequate nutrition. This innovative study ventured into uncharted areas by examining the potential of incorporating sweet potato vine flour (SPVF) into goat diets, specifically focusing on its effects on both the quantity and quality of milk produced.
Materials and Methods: A carefully monitored cohort of twelve female Creole goats, aged between 2 and 3 years, participated in a sophisticated completely randomized factorial design study. The research assessed varying levels of SPVF inclusion—spanning from the control group to significant incorporations of 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%—observed meticulously over an eight-week period.
Results: The primary variables under detailed examination included daily milk yield, body weight, and milk quality. The latter underwent precise evaluation utilizing the advanced Milko Scan “FOSS”. Notably, the highest milk yield of 411 ± 7.92 ml/day was recorded at the 7.5% flour inclusion level, resulting in a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Interestingly, an inclusión level of just 2.5% significantly enhanced the protein content to 3.84 ± 0.0159% and increased lactose levels to 4.54 ± 0.108%, with significant deviations in protein levels observed (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: SPVF improved milk production, but over 5% altered nutrition. Replacing corn with discarded sweet potato tubers is key for boosting milk production for small-scale goat farmers in Perú.