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Certificado de Obtentor INIA: 625 – MAYUHUAYLLINO
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2024-05-23) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
La variedad de maíz amiláceo INIA 625 – MAYUHUAYLLINO fue mejorada durante 11 años en el Centro Experimental Andenes y localidades aledañas, con participación de pequeños productores, y se adaptó a mayor altitud (3 400 msnm), donde antes solo se cultivaban maíces precoces y semiprecoces de baja productividad y consumo local. En Cusco, el choclo de las variedades Blanco Urubamba (PMV 560) e INIA 618 – Blanco Quispicanchi representa cerca del 70% de lo comercializado, y su producción es una alternativa rentable para más de 5 000 pequeños productores. Producir choclo acorta el ciclo del cultivo en al menos dos meses, requiere menos mano de obra y permite instalar otro cultivo de ciclo corto. La nueva variedad busca elevar los rendimientos y la seguridad alimentaria de las familias rurales, además de abrir la opción de vender directamente a exportadores y dar valor agregado, gracias a su grano grande, similar al de la raza Cuzco Gigante. El expediente sustenta su registro y lanzamiento comercial para la provincia de Anta y otros valles altos de Cusco, destacando su calidad de grano y sus múltiples usos (choclo, mote, tostado, harina, almidón, chicha, entre otros).
Local animal genetic resources for biodiversity conservation, climate resilience and rural bioeconomies in Ibero-America: A scoping review
(Conservation, 2026-10-03) Jiménez Marín, Gerald; Sevilla, Francisco; Araya Zúñiga, Ignacio; Barrientos Morales, Manuel; Salamanca Carreño, Arcesio; Ccalta Hancco , Ruth; Cucho Dolmos, Hernán Carlos; Valverde, Anthony
Local animal genetic resources are a strategic component of agrobiodiversity and represent key assets for food security and sustainable development. The aim was to analyze the available evidence on the role of local animal genetic resources in biodiversity conservation, productive resilience, food security, and sustainable rural development in Ibero-America. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The literature and institutional documents published from January 2001 to June 2026 were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, AGRIS/FAO, and relevant institutional repositories. The final search was completed on 15 June 2026. Eligibility was defined using the Population-Concept-Context framework, and evidence was synthesized thematically and comparatively. The scientific literature published was considered, with emphasis on local breeds, in situ and ex situ conservation, gene banks, phenotypic and genomic characterization, bioeconomy, public policies and rural production. The search identified 187 records. After removal of one duplicate, 186 records were screened by title and abstract, of which 77 were excluded. A total of 109 full-text reports were assessed and included in the scoping review. An additional 43 contextual or supporting references were cited outside the screened evidence set. Evidence indicates that creole and local breeds provide adaptive traits, heat tolerance, disease resistance or tolerance, cultural value and productive resilience. However, conservation initiatives remain fragmented and face limitations related to census data, funding, governance, genetic monitoring, traceability and economic valorization. Regional evidence indicates relevant progress in genetic characterization, germplasm banks, and research programs. The review concludes that animal genetic resources conservation will only be sustainable if it integrates living populations, representative germplasm banks, reproductive biotechnologies, genomic information, public policies, economic incentives, differentiated markets, and active producer participation. Local animal genetic resources must be considered as biological infrastructure for climate adaptation, food security, and inclusive rural bioeconomies.
Geospatial suitability of cacao in Amazonas (Peru): An ensemble predictive modeling approach (BIOMOD2) integrating multisource data, territorial management, and plant health
(Public Library of Science, 2026-10-09) Zabaleta Santisteban, Jhon A.; Medina Medina, Angel J.; Tuesta Trauco, Katerin M.; Rivera Fernandez, Abner S.; Silva Melendez, Teodoro B.; Grandez Alberca, Marlen A.; Puscan Rojas, Julio; Salas López, Rolando; Oliva Cruz, Manuel; Cotrina Sanchez, Alexander; Rojas Briceño, Nilton B.; Silva López, Jhonsy O.; Gómez Fernández, Darwin; Leiva Espinoza, Santos Triunfo; Huaman Pilco, Angel F.; Barboza, Elgar
Identifying climatically suitable areas for cacao cultivation (Theobroma cacao L.) is essential to guide sustainable intensification, territorial planning, and compliance with emerging environmental standards in tropical regions. This study assessed the current climatic suitability of cacao in the Amazonas department (northwestern Peru) using an ensemble modeling approach implemented in biomod2, integrating bioclimatic, topographic, and edaphic predictors with spatial biophysical exclusion criteria, legal conservation constraints, regulatory eligibility associated with the European Union Deforestation-Free Products Regulation (EUDR), and local phytosanitary evidence. A total of 403 quality-controlled presence records were used to calibrate multiple machine-learning algorithms under cross-validation, retaining only those with high predictive performance (AUC>0.9; TSS>0.7). Decision tree–based models, particularly Random Forest and XGBoost, showed the best individual performance, while the consensus model exhibited greater spatial stability and overall accuracy. Results indicate that approximately 14.8% of the regional territory presents high climatic suitability under current conditions, concentrated in inter-Andean valleys and low- to mid-elevation zones, with thermal seasonality identified as the main environmental predictor. However, the incorporation of territorial and regulatory constraints substantially reduced the effectively available area, especially under the EUDR scenario, demonstrating that cacao expansion potential is strongly conditioned by conservation and regulatory frameworks. High-priority degraded areas emerged as focal opportunities for productive restoration through agroforestry systems. Phytosanitary validation (2021–2024) revealed high spatial concordance between areas of greatest climatic suitability and the prevalence and incidence of major cacao pathogens and pests, particularly Moniliophthora roreri and M. perniciosa, confirming that optimal climatic niches for cultivation also favor biotic pressure. Overall, this study provides an integrative framework combining climatic modeling, territorial management, and phytosanitary risk, delivering robust scientific inputs to inform public policy, land-use planning, and sustainable cacao production strategies in the Amazon.
Influence of soil texture and organic matter on the erosion resistance of sloped agricultural soils of the Peruvian Amazon
(Wiley, 2026-09-24) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Soil erosion is a major driver of soil degradation in the Peruvian Amazon, compromising the productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems established on sloping terrain. This study evaluated the relationship between soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM) and relative erosion susceptibility, expressed through the comprehensive soil erosion resistance (CSER) index, across 48 plots distributed among four sites representing contrasting land-use systems: oil palm in Lamas (LA-OP), primary forest in Picota (PI-FO), coffee in Alto Saposoa (RM-CO) and rice in Yurimaguas (YU-RI). The CSER was calculated using principal component analysis and membership functions based on structural, textural and erodibility indicators. The results revealed positive correlations between CSER and clay content, elevation and SOM, whereas sand content was negatively correlated with the index. Redundancy analysis showed that land use, soil texture and SOM jointly explained 90.34% of the variation in the evaluated indicators, with clay content accounting for the largest independent contribution (32.58%). Generalised linear models indicated that a one-standard-deviation increase in SOM was associated with a 0.04-unit increase in CSER, whereas an equivalent increase in silt content was associated with a 0.04-unit decrease in CSER. In contrast, clay exhibited a positive nonlinear relationship with CSER. These findings suggest that clay and SOM act as protective factors by enhancing soil erosion resistance, whereas higher silt contents are associated with greater soil vulnerability to erosion.
Zona de Agrobiodersidad del Perú: Aymaraes, Apurímac “Justo Apu Sahuaraura”
(Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, MIDAGRI, 2026-06-09) Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, MIDAGRI
Se reconoce la Zona de Agrobiodiversidad “Justo Apu Sahuaraura”, ubicada en el distrito de Justo Apu Sahuaraura, provincia de Aymaraes, departamento de Apurímac, con una extensión de 11,122.2901 Ha. (once mil ciento veintidós hectáreas, con dos mil novecientos uno metros cuadrados) cuya delimitación aparece en el mapa que, como Anexo, forma parte de la presente Resolución Ministerial.
Zona de Agrobiodersidad del Perú: Abancay, Apurímac “Chacoche”
(Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, MIDAGRI, 2025-06-27) Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, MIDAGRI
Se reconoce la Zona de Agrobiodiversidad "Chacoche", ubicada en el distrito de Chacoche, provincia de Abancay, departamento de Apurímac, con una extensión de 11,637.8458 Ha (once mil seiscientos treinta y siete hectáreas, con ocho mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y ocho metros cuadrados), cuya delimitación aparece en el mapa que, como Anexo, forma parte integrante de la presente Resolución Ministerial.
Co-inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and Azospirillum brasilense outperforms nitrogen fertilisation in terms of yield, crude protein content, and profitability of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation in the Peruvian Andes
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-09-17) Bellido Tenorio, Enrique; Alarcón Romani, Susan Milagros; Condori Ataupillco, Leivi Tatiana; Palomino Espinoza, Claudio Carlos; Rengifo Sanchez, Raihil Rabindranath; Erazo Huarache, José Manuel; García Blásquez, Cayo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a key crop for food security in communities of the Peruvian Andes; however, its productivity is constrained by low soil fertility and the high cost of nitrogen fertilisers. In this context, the effects of co-inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (strain Ar-014) and Azospirillum brasilense (strain Az-007) on crop yield, crude protein content, and economic profitability were evaluated in comparison with conventional nitrogen fertilisation. The study was conducted at the Canaan Agrarian Experimental Station (Ayacucho, Peru; 2,750 m.a.s.l.) using a randomised complete block design with five treatments and four replicates: T01 (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae inoculation), T02 (Azospirillum brasilense inoculation), T03 (co-inoculation), T04 (mineral-N comparator, 82.5 kg N ha−1), and T05 (uninoculated and unfertilised control). The results showed that T03 (co-inoculation) significantly outperformed nitrogen fertilisation (T04) (p < 0.01), achieving higher green pod yield (6.73 vs. 5.63 t ha−1), crude protein content (24.28 vs. 23.67%), and economic profitability (262.75 vs. 176.78%). Furthermore, T03 recorded the highest values for root length (21.73 cm), number of nodules per plant (20.27), and number of seeds per pod (6.07). Individual inoculation treatments (T01 and T02) also improved specific agronomic traits, such as aboveground biomass and number of pods per plant, respectively, although neither surpassed the performance of the co-inoculation treatment (T03). The Relative Yield Index (RYI_N) in the inoculated treatments was 16.85–19.49% higher than that observed under nitrogen fertilization. Overall, these results indicate that co-inoculation with R. leguminosarum b. viciae and A. brasilense (T03) represents a promising alternative to conventional nitrogen fertilization for green pea production under the evaluated high-Andean conditions, improving agronomic performance and economic profitability.
Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de agosto del 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2026-08-31) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Al cierre del mes de agosto del 2026, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 216 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico.
Evaluation of the response of creole cows (Bos taurus) to two fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in the High-Andean region of Ayacucho, Peru
(Sociedade de Medicina Veterinária, 2026-08-11) Contreras Huamaní, Mijaíl; Mendoza Leiva, César Jorge; Guzman Santaria, Hamilton; Palomino Guerrera, Walter; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel
Unlike specialized breeds, High-Andean Creole cattle have developed a remarkable adaptability and hardiness to challenging high-altitude conditions, albeit at the expense of productivity. However, the efficiency of their reproductive performance under estrus synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) remains scarcely addressed. This study aimed to evaluate the response of Creole cows to two FTAI protocols in the districts of Chuschi (Cangallo) and Chipao (Lucanas), Ayacucho, Peru. From a sample of 60 Creole cows (identified by phenotype and coat color), with uniform body condition scores and management system, 35 were synchronized using a three-handling protocol (T1: estradiol cypionate and Bovine Intravaginal device (BID) removal on day 8), and 25 using a four-handling protocol (T2: BID removal on day 7 and estradiol benzoate on day 8). The cows were inseminated using thawed semen from Fleckvieh and Brown Swiss bulls, the latter belonging to the genetic nucleus of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria. Estrus detection rates ranged from 88.6% to 80.0%, yielding pregnancy rates of 57.1% and 56.0% for T1 and T2, respectively (p>0.05). No significant effects of protocol, age, number of calvings, body condition score, or bull breed were found on estrus detection, pregnancy, or calf sex (p>0.05). However, cows with a corpus luteum had 7.1-fold higher odds of pregnancy than those presenting only follicles (p<0.05). In conclusion, both FTAI protocols demonstrated comparable reproductive performance; however, the three-handling protocol with estradiol cypionate emerges as the preferred option due to its lower cost and greater operational simplicity under challenging High-Andean conditions.
Multivariate characterization and typology of cattle production systems in the high jungle of Peru: Insights for improving sustainability and productivity
(Eldaghayes Publisher, 2026-09-15) Rodríguez Vargas, Aníbal; Barron Lopez, José Alberto; Meza Rojas, Elmer Raul; Sessarego , Emmanuel Alexander; Hermitaño Osorio, Fiorela Maritza; Vargas Gonzales, Francisco; Barrantes Campos, Cecilio
Background: In Peru's high tropical region, cattle production systems exhibit low productivity, largely due to heterogeneous management practices influenced by diverse environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Aim: This study aims to categorize cattle production systems in the Peruvian high jungle using multivariate analysis. This allows us to identify three distinct production systems with significant socioeconomic and technological differences. Methods: A survey was conducted among 210 cattle producers from the districts of Oxapampa, Chontabamba, and Huancabamba, located in the Pasco department (Peru). Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to group farms with similar productive features. This classification produced meaningful typologies that can inform tailored management practices and policy decisions. Results: CATPCA explained 22.46% of the total variance, identifying milk production, cattle dosing, and cow culling age as key factors. HCA revealed three distinct production systems that differed significantly (p < 0.05) across social, farm and pasture management, animal production, and economic-financial components: (1) Traditional Extensive System representing 17.14% of producers, characterized by low educational level and limited technology use. Farms are small, rely mainly on natural pastures, experience high pest incidence, and have low milk yield (36–50 L/day), with production primarily destined for self-consumption; (2) Improved Dual-Purpose Extensive System comprising 78.09% of producers, characterized by intermediate level of educational and technology adoption, diversified farm activities, effective pest control, moderate milk production (60–80 L/day), and varied milk marketing destination; and (3) Semi-Intensive System 4.77% of producers, characterized by higher education levels, mixed land use, aging pastures, high milk yield (140–150 L/day), and milk marketed mainly to dairy plants. Conclusion: The distinct characteristics of each system highlight the need for regional livestock extension programs that combine technical training, knowledge exchange, and participatory innovation with remote sensing and geospatial tools to monitor pastures, stocking rates, water resources, and land-use changes.