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Certificado de Obtentor INIA: 439 - COSTACEN
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2026-11-17) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), es una leguminosa muy importante por las propiedades nutritivas por su alto contenido proteico y en menor medida por su aporte de carbohidratos, vitaminas y minerales. En los últimos diez años, en Perú se cultivó aproximadamente 77 866 (± 5 628) hectáreas anuales de frijol y se produjo 88 812 (± 6 675) toneladas, siendo el rendimiento -1 promedio de 1 140 (± 19) kg ha (FAO, 2019). En el 2018, en la región Lima la superficie cosechada fue de 1 613 hectáreas, con una producción de 3989 toneladas de frijol común (SIEA, 2018). Si bien el INIA ha generado variedades mejoradas para la costa, pero estas por el periodo de tiempo transcurrido, están perdiendo su potencial de rendimiento, además la mayor demanda actual del mercado nacional e internacional se inclina principalmente por frijoles tipo canario de grano de color amarillo intenso de tamaño mediano y grande. Actualmente, en el mercado nacional la variedad de mayor aceptación es el “Canario Camanejo” de ciclo vegetativo largo y susceptible a roya y al virus. La nueva variedad de frijol denominada INIA 439 - COSTACEN, por ser de habito indeterminado semipostrado presenta, un alto potencial de rendimiento en grano seco (3,1 t/ha), es resistente al virus del mosaico común (BCMV) y a la roya (Uromyces phaseoli) con grano de color amarillo semi - intenso, característica comparativamente mejor que la variedad comercial INIA404-CIFAC 90105 utilizado como testigo en los ensayos y al Canario “Camanejo”.
Certitificado de Obtentor INIA: 395 - Vitahuayo
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2025-05-27) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
El camu camu, Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh, es un arbusto frutal nativo que se encuentra en las selvas tropicales de la región amazónica, es una de las pocas frutas amazónicas que se han explorado con fines comerciales. Crece de manera natural en las orillas de los ríos, cochas y cursos menores de agua, en áreas densas expuestas a inundaciones sustanciales, se encuentra distribuido ampliamente en la Amazonía continental; su distribución natural indica que la mayor concentración de poblaciones y de diversidad se encuentra en la Amazonía peruana. Prospera en ambientes tropicales con temperaturas de 26°C y precipitación entre 2 500 a 3 000 mm, y una altitud que va de 0 a 300 msnm. El camu camu tiene gran potencial como alimento funcional por presentar elevada capacidad anoxidante, debido a su alto contenido de ácido ascórbico (entre 700 a 2700 mg/100 g de pulpa), teniendo así importancia en la producción de concentrados y suplementos naturales de esta vitamina. Además posee flavonoides de actividad antioxidante como antocianinas, ácido clorogénico, catequina, epicatequina y rutina. Según los reportes del Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, en 2018 se produjo 13 537 toneladas de fruta en todo el Perú, en un total 4 425 hectáreas (3,06 t/ha) y con un precio promedio en chacra de S/ 0,65 por kilogramo; en el caso de la Región Loreto, la producción fue de 11 852 toneladas de fruta, en un total 3 005 hectáreas (3,99 t/ha).
Certificado de Obtentor INIA: 334 - Llapanchispaq
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-11-28) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
En la región andina del Perú, el factor más importante que limita los niveles de producción y productividad de la papa, es el clima que se caracteriza por la presencia de días más calurosos con alta radiación solar, escasa o irregular distribución de precipitaciones pluviales, noches más frías con presencia frecuente de heladas, sequías prolongadas, entre otras; lo cual, hace que la agricultura en esta región sea una actividad con alto grado de riesgo y de poca rentabilidad. Por tanto, es necesario desarrollar variedades de papa con buena capacidad productiva, tolerancia a temperaturas frías y buena calidad culinaria. El Programa de Mejoramiento de la Papa de la Universidad de Wisconsin-Madison de los Estados Unidos ha desarrollado genotipos de papa; que, además, de tener buena capacidad de rendimiento responden mejor a los nuevos estreses abióticos y bióticos causados por el cambio climático. El Programa Nacional en Raíces y Tuberosas (PNRyT) del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), desde el año 2010, ha evaluado estas progenies o genotipos de papa, con participación directa de productores de papa. El genotipo H6S163P1 fue seleccionado como el mejor por su alta capacidad de rendimiento, tolerancia a heladas y buena calidad culinaria; por lo que, el INIA y la Universidad de Wisconsin, ponen a disposición de los productores de papa, este genotipo, como nueva variedad de papa denominada INIA 334 - LLAPANCHISPAQ
Certificado de Obtentor INIA: 332 - LG JIJA (ex Perú Bicentenario)
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-04-24) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
La papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en el Perú, es uno de los alimentos de mayor accesibilidad para sus habitantes, lo cual permite contribuir de manera significava a la economía del país (más de 710 mil familias dependen económicamente del cultivo de la papa) especialmente en la sierra; siendo el Valor Bruto de la Producción (VBP) de este cultivo 10,71% del Sub sector agrícola (MINAGRI-2018), constituyéndose en el segundo producto más importante de la agricultura del país, y uno de los más importantes de la canasta familiar, pese a esa importancia, la competitividad de este cultivo es limitada, por diversos factores, pero principalmente porque:
a) Los rendimientos del cultivo de la papa aún permanecen bajos (15,76 tha-1), en comparación a países vecinos, como Colombia de 21,99 t ha-1, Brasil 31,18 t ha-1 y Chile 28,67 t ha-1, (FAOSTAT, 2018) y
b) Por el escaso valor agregado a que se le da a la producción, lo cual explica en parte, el incremento de las importaciones de derivados procesados de papa y otros (MINAGRI, 2018). El INIA busca cultivares con mayor capacidad de rendimiento y que satisfagan la demanda de papa para la industria de procesamiento. El Programa Nacional de Raíces y Tuberosas, después de varios años de trabajo de investigación iniciado desde el 2012 a logrado seleccionar una variedad de papa denominada INIA 332 – PERÚ BICENTENARIO (HM12016.13)
Trichoderma mobilizes phosphorus and cobalt while excluding sodium in the foliar ionome of high-Andean grasses enriched with biochar
(Willey, 2026-09-11) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Acidic high-Andean soils constrain grassland productivity by limiting nutrient availability and altering plant ionomic balance. Biochar inoculated with plant growth-promoting microorganisms has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate these constraints; however, the extent to which microbial identity modulates plant nutrient acquisition remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. as inoculants of guinea pig manure–derived biochar on soil pH and the foliar ionome of Carex sp., Dactylis glomerata, Festuca dolichophylla, and Lolium perenne in a high-Andean Andisol (4150 m a.s.l.). A randomised complete block design (4 × 4 factorial, three replicates) was used. Biochar (20 t ha⁻¹) was applied at establishment, and microbial inoculants (5 L ha⁻¹) were applied at sowing and during crop development. Foliar elemental concentrations were determined by MP-AES and analysed using ANOVA and multivariate approaches. Biochar significantly increased soil pH (p < 0.001). Ionomic responses depended on microbial identity: Trichoderma sp. enhanced P and Co accumulation while reducing Na (p < 0.05), indicating coordinated nutrient regulation. Micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu) were primarily species-driven. These findings demonstrate that microbially functionalized biochar can selectively reconfigure plant ionomes, supporting microbiome-assisted strategies to improve nutrient efficiency and resilience in acidic agroecosystems.
Detection of Solanum betaceum Cav fruit maturity using YOLO11-based deep learning
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-09-10) Quiñones Huatangari, Lenin; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Palomino Ojeda, Jose Manuel; Saravia Navarro, David; Bardales Escalante, William; Silva Valqui, Gelver; Chavez Jalk, Antony; Cruz Caro, Omer; Valqui, Leandro
The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a Solanaceae fruit native to South America with nutritional, functional, and economic value. However, assessing fruit maturity and making harvest-related decisions continue to rely primarily on manual visual inspection, which can be subjective and inconsistent under field conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of YOLO11-based object detection models for the automatic detection of the ripeness of Solanum betaceum fruits in a real-world agricultural setting. To this end, a dataset of 200 images captured with smartphones was used, in which 1,361 fruits were annotated with bounding boxes corresponding to green and ripe fruits. The YOLO11n, YOLO11s, and YOLO11m models were trained with an input resolution of 640. For each setting, cross-validation (k = 5) was used, and data augmentation was applied to the training subsets. YOLO11m achieved the best overall performance, as it combined high values for precision, recall, and mAP. On the test set, YOLO11m achieved a precision of 0.9878 ± 0.0055, a recall of 0.9750 ± 0.148, and an mAP50 of 0.9618 ± 0.0188 for green fruit, as well as a precision of 0.9950 ± 0.0041, a recall of 0.9958 ± 0.0039, and an mAP50 of 0.9920 ± 0.0047 for ripe fruits. YOLO11s also demonstrated competitive performance, particularly in the detection of ripe fruits, with an mAP50 of 0.9894 ± 0.0070 and an mAP50–95 of 0.9754 ± 0.0081, positioning it as an efficient alternative given its substantially lower computational cost. In contrast, YOLO11n, the lightest architecture, showed the lowest performance for green fruits (mAP50-95: 0.8557 ± 0.0611), reflecting the limitations of its representational capacity.
Physicochemical soil characterisation and nutritional associations of Laccopetalum giganteum (Wedd) Ulbr. (Ranunculaceae) in its high-Andean habitat: a baseline for conservation
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-08-06) Quiñones Trejo, Robert Adrián; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Ramírez Maguiña, Héctor Andrés; Yalli Huamani, Teodoro Bill; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Background: Laccopetalum giganteum (Wedd.) Ulbr. is an endemic species of the Peruvian Andes classified as Critically Endangered. Its conservation is constrained by limited knowledge of its soil requirements. This study aimed to characterise soil physicochemical properties in their natural habitat and evaluate their relationships with plant biometric and nutritional traits to support conservation strategies. Methods: A total of 24 soil–plant pairs were collected from high-Andean populations near Lake Pelagatos, Ancash, Peru (4,567 m a. s. l.). Soil variables (pH, electrical conductivity, texture, macronutrients, micronutrients, and carbonates) were evaluated as independent variables, while plant variables (biometry, dry matter, and mineral composition) were considered response variables using descriptive statistics, generalised linear models (GLM), and generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). Results: Soils were slightly alkaline (pH 7.73 ± 0.41), with moderate carbonate content (9.22 ± 4.76%), electrical conductivity of 17.8 ± 5.4 mS·m⁻¹, and predominantly sandy texture (73.5 ± 10.4%). Plant growth showed significant negative associations with exchangeable calcium (β = −0.12) and carbonates (β = −0.06). Positive associations were observed with zinc (β = 0.10), manganese (β = 0.29), and silt content (β = 0.12). Above-ground tissues contained 22.1 mg·kg⁻¹ Zn and 24.2 mg·kg⁻¹ Mn, with bioaccumulation factors of 5.8 and 43.2, respectively. Conclusions: L. giganteum shows low affinity for calcareous soils and persists in marginal environments through efficient micronutrient acquisition. These findings provide a quantitative basis for substrate selection in ex situ propagation (pH 6.2–6.8; CaCO3 < 2%; Zn and Mn supplementation) and for identifying priority microsites for in situ conservation
Application of Trichoderma viride immobilized on rice husk under reduced synthetic fertilization in yellow chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) var. pendulum
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-06-02) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Linares Escapa, Solmayra; Quello Huamani, Antony Arturo; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Introduction: The intensive use of synthetic fertilizers in horticultural crops generates economic and environmental impacts, particularly in already degraded soils. Sustainable strategies are therefore required to reduce mineral fertilizer inputs without compromising crop productivity. This study evaluated the effect of an organic amendment containing Trichoderma viride immobilized on rice husk as a strategy to reduce mineral fertilization in yellow chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) var. pendulum. Methods: Four treatments were evaluated in a completely randomized block design with three replications: T1 (complete fertilization with 200:66:42 kg ha⁻¹ N:P:K), T2 (135:48:21 kg ha⁻¹ N:P:K without organic amendment), T3 (135:48:21 kg ha⁻¹ N:P:K plus organic amendment at 0.5 kg plant⁻¹), and T4 (organic amendment only). Crop variables (height, chlorophyll index, root depth, fruit number, yield, and dry matter) were evaluated. Results: Full fertilization (T1) increased plant height and showed a slight tendency toward higher chlorophyll index and fruit number values. However, yields under reduced fertilization (T2 and T3) were statistically similar to T1, indicating that mineral fertilization could be reduced by 30% without significant yield penalties under the evaluated conditions. The addition of the organic amendment in T3 did not significantly increase yield compared with T2, but promoted greater dry matter allocation to leaves, stems, and roots, suggesting a potential positive effect on vegetative development. Discussion: The results indicate that reducing mineral fertilization in yellow chili pepper is feasible without compromising productivity. The incorporation of T. viride immobilized on rice husk may represent a complementary strategy for agroecological transition while promoting the recycling of agro-industrial residues. Nevertheless, because the findings derive from a single growing season, multi-year studies are required to validate these results and to assess long-term effects on soil properties, microbiota dynamics, commercial scalability, and economic viability.
Unveiling Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum and associated rhizobacteria with Lepidium meyenii W.: PGPR potential and interaction with high Andean soil properties
(Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA-Chile), Chillán, Chile, 2026-08-03) Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Cancan Loli, Johan Deyvi; Sanchez, Lilian L.; Salvador Espinoza, Sheydi Soledad; Cortez Juro, Ivana; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique
Intensive cultivation of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) causes significant physicochemical degradation and a loss of microbiological resilience in High Andean soils. Native rhizobacteria-based biofertilizers emerge as a sustainable alternative to restore soil quality. This study explored the microbial diversity of the maca rhizosphere at extreme altitudes (>4000 m a.s.l.) and evaluated the potential of native isolates as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). A total of 133 isolates were obtained using selective methodologies. Six elite strains were molecularly identified (16S rRNA gene) as Peribacillus, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and notably, Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum. Low microbial density was observed, likely linked to degradation from intensive monoculture. Microbial functionality was associated with soil management, enabling the identification of strains with high viability (>10¹⁰ CFU mL⁻¹) adapted to extreme conditions. In this study, the presence of P. asaccharolyticum was identified in association with maca crops. This species is of particular interest due to its previously recognized potential for soil bioremediation. These findings suggest functional specialization of the native microbiota and a high biotechnological potential for developing specific bio-inputs. These results contribute to mitigating monoculture impacts, restoring degraded soils, and promoting sustainable High-Andean agriculture.
First metabarcoding characterization of seabird guano microbiomes along the Peruvian coast: environmental filtering shapes taxonomically simplified but functionally stable communities
(Research Square, 2026-05-05) Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Cántaro Segura, Héctor Baroni; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Calixto García, Anderson Rafael; López Pinto, María del Pilar; Ruiz Escobar, Vicente; Palomino Paccua, Luz Angélica; Calderón, Arturo; Salvatierra, Licia; Valdez, Renzo; Medina, Susan
Seabird guano from the islands off the Peruvian coast constitutes an organic fertilizer resource of recognized strategic importance; however, the microbial communities associated with this substrate had remained entirely uncharacterized. The present study provides the first comprehensive, cultureindependent characterization of bacterial and fungal communities in guano collected from 13 guanoproducing zones along the Peruvian coastline, encompassing deposits from the Guanay cormorant (Leucocarbo bougainvillii) and the Peruvian booby (Sula variegata), the two dominant and representative guano-producing bird species. Using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon metabarcoding, combined with physicochemical analysis and functional prediction through FAPROTAX, and FUNGuild, we found that bacterial communities were consistently dominated by Bacillota (> 90%), particularly the order Bacillales, with halotolerant and endospore-forming genera, among which Saccharomonospora was notably abundant; this genus exhibited the strongest positive correlation with potassium content (+ 0.80, p 95%), with Aspergillus as the only genus showing a significant positive differential-abundance signal in Guanay cormorant guano relative to Peruvian booby guano. Within this exploratory framework, although the overall composition of bacterial and fungal communities did not differ significantly between the two bird species, differential abundance analysis identified specific bacterial taxa, including Pseudomonas, Atopostipes, and Lentibacillus, as significantly enriched in Guanay cormorant guano, revealing microbial differences that, while subtle, are ecologically relevant across host species. The predicted functional profile suggested a broadly stable metabolic repertoire oriented towards organic matter mineralization and nitrogen transformation across samples. These findings provide a first microbiological baseline for the evidence-based management of Peruvian island guano as a sustainable biofertilization resource.