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Aplicación de O₂ y O₃ en semilla pre-básica de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 2025-06-25) Tineo Vargas, Vicky Soledad; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
La baja productividad de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en Perú está estrechamente relacionada con el uso de semilla infectada y el acceso limitado a tecnologías de desinfección efectivas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del sistema de microburbujas de ozono y oxígeno aplicado al riego sobre la calidad y el vigor de la semilla prebásica de papa (cv. INIA 303) en Canaán, Ayacucho, Perú. Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% nano-oxígeno; T4: control) bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey (α = 0,05). Los resultados revelaron diferencias altamente significativas (p < 0,0001) en la altura de la planta. A los 21 días, T1 (17,24 ± 0, 43ᵃ cm) superó significativamente a T4 (10,02 ± 0,95ᶜ cm). A los 140 días, el T1 (172,4 ± 2,04 cm) mantuvo el mayor rendimiento, seguido del T2 (166,6 ± 3,33 cm), mientras que el T4 (104,0 ± 5,34 cm) mostró el menor. En cuanto al peso de la semilla, el T1 produjo una mayor proporción de tubérculos >20 g, lo que contribuyó a un mejor rendimiento. Los hallazgos sugieren que la tecnología de oxigenación y ozonización mejora el crecimiento vegetativo, aumenta el rendimiento potencial y reduce la hipoxia y el estrés por patógenos, lo que representa una estrategia prometedora para mejorar la sanidad y la productividad de las semillas en la producción de semilla pre-básica de papa en condiciones de tierras altas andinas.
Spatial distribution, tree host associations, and deforestation threats on two stingless bee species in the Peruvian Amazon
(Ecological Society of Korea, 2025-07-02) Demetrio, Richar; Muñoz Schrader, Ornella; Faria, Julianna; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Cardenas, David; Isuiza, Maite; Delgado, Cesar; Ruzo, Andres; Espinoza, Rosa V.
Background: Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are critical pollinators in the Peruvian Amazon, sustaining biodiversity, crop productivity, and indigenous livelihoods. Despite their ecological and economic importance, the effects of deforestation and illegal logging on their populations remain poorly understood. Nesting tree loss, habitat fragmentation, and changes in elevation influence stingless bee distribution, yet conservation efforts remain insufficient due to a lack of spatial data on their vulnerability. Results: This study examines the spatial distribution, elevation trends, and deforestation threats affecting Melipona eburnea and Tetragonisca angustula, with a focus on tree nesting preferences in the Biosphere Reserve Avireri-Vraem. Using literature reviews, field observations, and GPS surveys, we assessed species distribution patterns, deforestation risks, and nesting tree associations. Our findings reveal that over 50% of their habitats overlap with high deforestation risk zones, largely driven by illegal logging of key nesting trees. Elevation analysis indicates species-specific adaptations, with M. eburnea predominantly in lowland regions, while T. angustula is more frequent at higher altitudes. GPS fieldwork identified strong associations with specific host trees, notably Guarea guidonia and Ficus insipida, with larger trees (> 60 cm DBH) serving as critical nesting sites. Several of these, including Aniba gigantiflora and Cedrelinga cateniformis, are among the most ilegally harvested species, intensifying threats to bee populations. Conclusions: Deforestation-driven habitat loss and fragmentation pose an immediate threat to stingless bee populations by reducing nesting availability, limiting pollination networks, and disrupting genetic exchange. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies, including the preservation of key nesting trees, the establishment of biological corridors, and the promotion of sustainable forestry practices. Given the role of stingless bees as keystone pollinators, their protection is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Recognizing stingless bee habitats under a Rights of Nature framework would provide a legal mechanism to safeguard their nesting sites from further exploitation. Furthermore, strengthening community-led conservation efforts in high-risk areas can enhance long-term resilience. This study provides a baseline for future conservation policies, bridging scientific data and indigenous knowledge to protect Amazonian stingless bees and their ecosystems.
Efectos sinérgicos de bioinoculantes microbianos en el desarrollo radicular de variedades de maíz morado (Zea mays L.)
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), 2025-06-30) Rondinel Huanaco, Bhill Thoño; Quispe Medina, Eugenia Rocío; Garcia Blásquez Morote, Cayo; Quispe Tenorio, José Antonio; Velásquez Mantari, José; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Díaz Morales, Luis Alberto; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
El maíz morado (Zea mays L.), originario de los Andes peruanos, destaca por su alto contenido de antocianinas, lo que le otorga un valor nutracéutico creciente en mercados globales. Sin embargo, su cultivo en zonas altoandinas suele depender del uso intensivo de fertilizantes sintéticos, comprometiendo la sostenibilidad del suelo. Este estudio evaluó como la bioinoculación individual y combinada con Azospirillum brasilense y Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum influyen en caracteres morfofisiológicos radicales en cinco variedades contrastantes de maíz morado, cultivadas en la región de Ayacucho (2735 m s.n.m.). Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos de bioinoculación. Se midieron peso seco, longitud, volumen, diámetro y número de ramificaciones radiculares. La coinoculación microbiana generó diferencias altamente significativas (p < 0.0001) en todos los parámetros evaluados respecto al control. En particular, duplicó el volumen radical (28,0 ± 0,41 cm³), triplicó el peso seco (180,29 ± 8,51 g) y mejoró notablemente la longitud (31,81 ± 0,48 cm), el diámetro (128,36 ± 2,3 mm) y el número de ramificaciones (27,28 ± 0,66), superando tanto a las inoculaciones individuales como al control (Tukey, p < 0.05). Los resultados confirman que la coinoculación rizobacteria-micorriza mejora significativamente la arquitectura del sistema radical, potenciando la absorción de nutrientes. Así, la coinoculación representa una estrategia agroecológica eficaz para optimizar el rendimiento del maíz morado y reducir la dependencia de insumos sintéticos en contextos altoandinos.
Impact and control of transboundary and invasive banana (Musa spp.) Wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
(Springer Nature, 2025-06-25) Sasaki, Nobumitsu; Yokoi, Satoshi; Trigoso Hidalgo, Carla Ximena; Suzuki, Sakae; Takahashi, Sakura; Sha, Kei-ai; Fukuhara, Toshiyuki; Nomura, Yoshihiro; Yamada, Masaaki; Watanabe, Haruka; Kashiwa, Takeshi; Kodama, Motoichiro; Kido, Kazutaka; Abe, Tomoko; Casas Díaz, Andrés Virgilio; Aragón Caballero, Lilliana María; Palomo Herrera, Angel Alfonso; Gonzáles Miranda, María del Carmen; Nishida, Yuichi; Ono Morikawa, Cecilia Inés; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Cabrera Pintado, Rosa María; Cáceres Patricio, Esmeralda Flor; Cabezas Huayllas, Oscar Esmael; Rivas Pulache, Victorino; Chia Wong, Julio Alfonso; Arie, Tsutomu
Fusarium wilt (FW), or Panama disease, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Focb), is one of the most destructive threats to banana/plantain (Musa spp.) pro duction worldwide. Especially the pandemic of Focb race TR4, which can cause FW on the FW-resistant cultivar ‘Cavendish’, is damag ing banana plantations in Asia, India, Australia, East Africa, and South America. In the Selva area of Peru, banana cultiva tion is an important part of farmers’ liveli hoods. A team of Japanese and Peruvian research institutes is currently working on a SATREPS project with the goal of not only preventing the introduction of Focb race TR4 into Peruvian organic banana production areas but also enabling the continuation of high quality banana production by preventing existing FW, thereby improving the liveli hoods of farmers in the region. To achieve this goal, "ve research activities are conducted in the jungle, Tingo María area: (1) establish ment of speci"c diagnosis technology for FW at the macro- to micro-level; (2) development of varieties that are resistant to FW using mutation induction; (3) establishment of a pathogen-free seedling production and supply system; (4) analysis of the microbial #ora of disease-suppressing soil; and (5) establish ment of low-environmental-impact FW con trol technology, such as biological pesticides and plant activators
Native strains T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2 reduce Cd uptake in cacao CCN51 under controlled conditions
(MDPI, 2025-06-17) Malca Cerna, Rozana Yanina; Cortez Lazaro, Anthony Apolinario; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Arce Inga, Marielita; Cumpa Velasquez, Liz Marjory
The cacao trade and export industry has been impacted by cadmium (Cd2+) accumulation in soils, as the metal is absorbed by plants and transferred to the tissues. Consequently, cacao beans and their derivatives can become contaminated, sometimes exceeding permissible limits. In this study, the capacity of native Trichoderma strains to reduce Cd accumulation in cacao was evaluated. Twelve Trichoderma strains were analyzed to assess their cadmium removal capacity through in vitro assays and their ability to reduce Cd concentration in cacao plants under controlled in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that several Trichoderma strains could remove cadmium and accumulate it in their biomass. However, this process is complex as it depends on metal concentration and environmental conditions. Notably, T. afroharzianum UCF18-M1 and CP24-6 exhibited high removal efficiencies at 100 ppm (61.79 ± 2.98% and 57.93 ± 4.14%, respectively). In contrast, the in vivo assays revealed that, contrary to expectations, some strains—including those with the highest removal efficiency—stimulated Cd uptake in plants, even at toxic levels, such as T. orientale BLPF1-C1. However, T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2-C1 significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the stem. These findings highlight the potential of these strains to mitigate Cd contamination in cacao.
Sustainable rice–fish farming systems: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2025-06-12) Fernández Zatrate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Coronel Bustamante, David; Huanca Silva, Leisy; Taboada Mitma, Víctor Hugo; Quispe Carhuapoma, Mariela Judith; Oliva Alvarez, Yashira Steffani; Ramirez Antaurco, Maximo Fabricio; Anchayhua Torres, Janella Jelyn; Huaccha Castillo, Annick Estefany; Seminario Cunya, Alejandro; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Gomez Fernandez, Darwin; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
The rice–fish farming system is an efficient ecological model with economic, ecological, and social benefits, reduces environmental impacts and optimizes the use of resources. The objective of the research was to explore and analyze scientific publications through a systematic review and meta-analysis related to rice–fish intercropping. A review of publications hosted in the Scopus and PubMed database from January 2000 to April 2025 was conducted. Research articles were selected, excluding review articles, com-mentaries, book chapters, and letters, and only documents published in English were analyzed. The analysis shows that the countries with the highest number of publications were China and Bangladesh, with a proportion of 48% and 24% respectively, followed by Thailand with 10% and Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India with 5% each. The fish species used in rice–fish systems were reported to be Cyprinus carpio (37%), Oreochromis niloticus (29%), Barbonymus gonionotus, Micropterus salmoides and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (8%), Amblypharyngodon mola (5%), and Labeo rohita and Monopterus albus (3%). On average, fish settle in the rice–fish system 27 days after rice planting, with a density of 13,390 fish/ha. Between rice planting and harvesting 132 days pass, obtaining an average yield of 4397 kg of rice/ha and 1383 kg of fish/ha. It is recommended to prioritize integrated research on unstudied fish species, optimal densities, fertilization, culture models, and emerging technologies in rice–fish systems, considering regional variations to improve sustainability, productivity, and food security at a global level.
Assessment of soil characteristics and the productive potential of native Poaceae forage species in the Central Highlands of Peru
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2025-06-10) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Yalli Huamaní, Teodoro Bill; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andy
Given the increasing pressure on natural grassland ecosystems in the Peruvian high Andes, optimizing the use of native forage species has become essential for understanding the relationship between soil characteristics and the productive potential of these plants. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and the produc tive potential of three native forage species: Festuca dolichophylla, Cinnagrostis vicunarum, and Jarava ichu. The research was conducted in natural grasslands in the district of Yauli, province of Yauli, department of Junin, at approximately 4000 m.a.s.l. During the dry season 2023, soil samples were collected following standardized protocols, and key soil parameters were analyzed. The nutritional characteristics of the forage species were also assessed, including dry matter content, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy. The results revealed significant differences among species. Festuca dolichophylla exhibited the highest protein content (10.7%), superior digestibility (52.5%), and greater metabolizable energy (8.4 MJ∙kg-1), making it the most suitable forage option for livestock in the highland ecosystem over 4000 m.a.s.l., where en vironmental factors constrain agricultural activity. In contrast, Cinnagrostis vicunarum and Jarava ichu showed lower protein levels, with Jarava ichu displaying particularly low digestibility (28.9%) and energy content (4.6 MJ∙kg-1), limiting its productive potential despite its high dry matter yield. These findings provide a strong scien tific foundation for developing sustainable grassland management strategies in the Peruvian Andes, supporting the implementation of agronomic practices that enhance forage productivity while contributing to biodiversity conser vation. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of soil characterization as a key tool for optimizing forage resource utilization in high-altitude farming systems, facilitating informed decision-making in land management and environmental remediation policies.
Sustainable enhancement of purple corn traits using Azospirillum brasilense–glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum inoculants: Evidence from andean agroecosystems – Perú
(Preprints.org, 2025-06-09) Rondinel Huanco, Bill; Quispe Medina, Eugenia Rocío; García Blasquez, Morote Cayo; Quispe Tenorio, José Antonio; Velásquez Mantari, José; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Purple corn (Zea mays L.), a traditional Andean crop valued for its high anthocyanin content and increasing relevance in the nutraceutical industry. However, its production is challenged by envirmental stress and the overuse of chemical fertilizers in Andean ecosystems. This study evaluated the effects of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, PGPR) and Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF) on growth and yield performance in five purple corn genotypes under highland field conditions in Ayacucho,Peru. A randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented across two locations to compare a control (no inoculation) with individual and combined microbial treatments. Results showed that combined inoculation significantly improved vegetive parameters, ear and yield-related traits in both locations, with increases of up to 60.8% in grain yield compared to the control. Statistically significant differences were observed among treatments and genotypes (Tukey, p < 0.05), with the Canaán location showing the highest overall performance between control and combined microbial treatments. These findings support the potential of PGPR-AMF consortia to sustainably enhance purple corn productivity and resilience, offering a viable alternative to reduce chemical inputs in Andean agriculture.
Manejo de cultivos hidropónicos. Hortalizas de hoja
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA, 2025-06-01) Ocas Saavedra, Manuel; Lobato Gálvez, Roiser Honorio; Oré Aquino, Zoila Luz; Cochas Escandón, Juanita Melissa; Acuña Leiva, Alex Yony
El presente material de divulgación es sobre "Manejo de cultivos hidropónicos"
Armado de módulos hidropónicos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA, 2025-06-01) Ocas Saavedra, Manuel; Lobato Gálvez, Roiser Honorio; Oré Aquino, Zoila Luz; Cochas Escandón, Juanita Melissa; Acuña Leiva, Alex Yony
El presente material de divulgación es sobre el "Manejo de cultivos Hidropónicos. Hortalizas de hoja"