Examinando por Autor "Valqui, Leandro"

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Agronomic and nutritional evaluation of INIA 910—Kumymarca ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): An alternative for sustainable forage production in department of Amazonas (NW Peru)
(MDPI, 2025-01-01) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Valqui, Leandro; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Trigoso, Milton J.; Zagaceta, Luis H.; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Saravia Navarro, David; Barboza, Elgar; Maicelo, Jorge L.
Grassland ecosystems cover about 25% of the Earth’s surface, providing essential ecosystem services that benefit nature, people, and food security. This study evaluated agronomic and nutritional parameters of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) based on fertilization levels and cutting frequency in the Amazonas department. The INIA 910—Kumymarca variety was used with nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and cutting intervals of 30 and 45 days for agronomic traits and 30, 45, and 60 days for nutritional traits. A randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications was applied. Repeated measures analysis and Tukey’s mean comparison tests (p < 0.005) were performed, along with Pearson correlation and response surface analysis using the central composite design in R. The results showed that applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen with a 45-day cutting interval provided the highest dry matter yield (460 kg/m2 ) and superior agronomic traits, including plant height (96.73 cm), number of tillers, and stem diameter. Non-fertilized treatments had the highest crude protein content (17.45%) and digestibility, while higher nitrogen doses increased crude fiber and acid detergent fiber, reducing digestibility. Significant correlations were observed between fresh and dry weight with plant height (p = 0.000; r = 0.84), fiber contents (p = 0.000; r = 1), and ash and protein content (p = 0.000; r = 0.85). The optimal management practice was cutting every 45 days with 180 kg/ha of nitrogen (T8), maximizing forage yield and quality. Proper fertilization and cutting management can improve ryegrass production, benefiting livestock feeding and rural economies.
Cloud computing application for the analysis of land use and land cover changes in dry forests of Peru
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association (IIETA), 2024-09-30) Barboza, Elgar; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Gálvez Paucar, David; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Valqui, Leandro; Zagaceta, Luis H.; Gonzales, Jhony; Vásquez, Héctor V.; Arbizu, Carlos I.
Dry forests are ecosystems of great importance worldwide, but in recent decades they have been affected by climate change and changes in land use. In this study, we evaluated land use and land cover changes (LULC) in dry forests in Peru between 2017 and 2021 using Sentinel-2 images, and cloud processing with Machine Learning (ML) models. The results reported a mapping with accuracies above 85% with an increase in bare soil, urban areas and open dry forest, and reduction in the area of crops and dense dry forest. Protected natural areas lost 2.47% of their conserved surface area and the areas with the greatest degree of land use impact are located in the center and north of the study area. The study provides information that can help in the management of dry forests in northern Peru.
Effects of Planting Methods on the Establishment, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Hybrid Grass Cuba OM-22 in the Dry Tropics of Peru
(MDPI, 2025-10-28) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Valqui, Leandro; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Altamirano Tantalean, Miguel A.; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Yalta Vera, Juan
Climate change and livestock expansion have affected forage supply in the dry tropics. Therefore, optimizing planting methods adapted to adverse tropical environments is essential for establishment and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different planting methods on the establishment rate, morphology, yield, and nutritional composition of Cuba OM-22 under the soil and climate conditions of the dry tropics of Peru, using a block design with four replicates and five methods for propagation by cuttings. The S4 (two-node cuttings, 25 cm in length; horizontal position 180°, parallel to the soil surface; fully buried at 8 cm depth; no spacing between cuttings along the furrow) method offered the best balance between yield and quality, with higher establishment rate (55.93%), height (182.15 cm; higher than S1 and S5), and more tillers (surpassing S1 and S2 by 16.97% and 18.86%). In addition, it obtained good green forage yields (137.43 t ha⁻¹) and was better than all planting methods in dry matter yield (37.45 t ha⁻¹). In nutritional composition, S4 ranked among the highest averages for nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (43.22%) and ash (11.06%). However, protein, crude fiber, and fat content did not differ between methods. On the other hand, planting methods showed negative correlations between the number of tillers and ash content (p = 0.006; r = −0.79), ash and NFE (p = 0.000; r = −0.92), and protein with crude fiber (p = 0.029; r = −0.68). These findings highlight S4 as a key strategy for optimizing establishment, yield, and quality in Cuba OM-22 in the dry tropics.
Impact of the Association of Maize with Native Beans on the Morphological Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Forage Intended for Silage in the Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-10-22) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Reyna, Manuel; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Zagaceta Llanca, Luis Homero; Yalta Vela, Juan; Isla Pérez, José Manuel; Paucar, Ysai; Altamirano Tantalean, Miguel A.; Valqui, Leandro
Scenarios of climate change, extensive land use, soil degradation, the loss of native forest cover due to monoculture expansion, and pasture scarcity pose new challenges to livestock farming worldwide. Associated crops emerge as an alternative to mitigate these factors; however, selecting compatible species that do not generate competition and optimize the attributes of the forage is a necessity. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a maize and bean association, and cutting time on the morphological variables, yield, and nutritional composition of forage. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 3A × 3C factorial arrangement and three blocks was used. Factor A (associations) had three levels: INIA-604-Morocho maize monoculture (M), M+PER1003544 chaucha bean association (M+F1), and M+PER1003551 chaucha bean association (M+F2). Factor C (maize cutting stage) had three levels: R2 (blister grain), R3 (milky grain), and R4 (pasty grain). A total of 27 experimental units were established. No silage was made; the nutritional quality was evaluated as the raw material for silage. The treatments modulated key attributes for silage. In R4, the M+F2 association (INIA-604-Morocho + PER1003551) showed a higher percentage of dry matter in the system (32.36%) and better mixture quality due to a lower NDF and ADF (48.22% and 23.29%) and higher digestibility and protein values (62.10% and 9.53%). In addition, dry matter yields increased compared with R2 in M+F1 (134.16%), M+F2 (90.56%), and M (138.48%). Although R3 maximized green forage, R4 offered the best combination of quantity and quality for silage (as raw material), reducing the risk of deterioration and improving forage use efficiency. In general, combining maize with beans and adjusting the cut to R4 optimizes the production and quality of the raw material for silage, with the criterion that these findings pertain to pre-ensiled material and should be validated in future studies.