Examinando por Autor "Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi"

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 64

An evaluation of dryland ulluco cultivation yields in the face of climate change scenarios in the Central Andes of Peru by using the Aquacrop model
(MDPI, 2024-06-26) Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Vera Vilchez, Jesús Emilio; Verástegui Martínez, Patricia; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Ullucus tuberosus is an Andean region crop adapted to high-altitude environments and dryland cultivation. It is an essential resource that guarantees food security due to its carbohydrate, protein, and low-fat content. However, current change patterns in precipitation and temperatures warn of complex scenarios where climate change will affect this crop. Therefore, predicting these effects through simulation is a valuable tool for evaluating this crop’s sustainability. This study aims to evaluate ulluco’s crop yield under dryland conditions at 3914 m.a.s.l. considering climate change scenarios from 2024 to 2100 by using the AquaCrop model. Simulations were carried out using current meteorological data, crop agronomic information, and simulations for SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 of CMIP 6. The results indicate that minimum temperature increases and seasonal precipitation exacerbation will significantly influence yields. Increases in rainfall and environmental CO2 concentrations show an opportunity window for yield increment in the early stages. However, a negative trend is observed for 2050–2100, mainly due to crop temperature stress. These findings highlight the importance of developing more resistant ulluco varieties to heat stress conditions, adapting water management practices, continuing modeling climate change effects on crops, and investing in research on smallholder agriculture to reach Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, and 13
Analysis of binder proportions on the calorific value in a briquette made from cocoa pod husk in the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-09-22) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Paquiyauri, Alexandra; Neyra, Walter; Siqueira Bahia, Rita de Cassia; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: The growing global demand for fuel has created challenges in the supply of raw materials, positioning biomass derived from cocoa pod husk waste as an economically viable and environmentally sustainable energy alternative. Methods: This study evaluated the effect of different binder types on the calorific value of briquettes produced from fermented cocoa pod husk waste in the Peruvian Amazon. For the calorific value assay, 1.05 kg of fermented cocoa pod husk waste was combined with 100 g of starch-based binders derived from corn, cassava, or potato, all sourced from the San Martín region. Statistical analyses were performed in R Studio using the dplyr package, and mean comparisons were conducted with Tukey's HSD test (p < 0.05). Results: The lowest ash content was obtained with the potato-starch binder (7.03%), whereas the highest value was recorded in the control treatment without binder (8.71%). Fixed carbon content ranged from 3.70% to 5.97% across treatments. The lowest calorific value was observed with the corn-starch binder (3,486.0 kcal/kg), while the highest was achieved with cassava starch (3,586.66 kcal/kg). Discussion: These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility of producing high-quality charcoal briquettes from cocoa pod husk waste using starch-based binders, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels.
Aqueous-Medium Arsenic(V) Removal Using Iron Oxide-Coated Ignimbrite
(MDPI, 2024-12-28) Velarde Apaza, Lelie Diana; Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Cuevas Gimenez, Juan Pablo; Villanueva Salas, José Antonio
Arsenate As(V) is a toxic contaminant commonly found in aquifers and groundwater that poses significant risks to human health. The effective treatment of arseniccontaminated water is therefore crucial for safeguarding public health. This study investigates removing As(V) using iron oxide-coated ignimbrite in batch experiments by varying the adsorbent dosage, initial As(V) concentration, contact time, and system temperature. The adsorption experiments revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model better fit the data (R2 = 0.99) than the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.73). According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) on the iron oxide-coated ignimbrite was 4.84 mg·g −1 ± 0.12 mg·g −1 of As(V), with a standard deviation of ±0.05 mg·g −1 after 2 h of exposure with 0.15 g/50 mL iron oxide-coated ignimbrite adsorbent concentration. In the kinetic analysis, the pseudo-first-order model best described the adsorption process at 283 K, 293 K, and 303 K, although the pseudo-second-order model also showed an adequate fit, particularly at 293 K. This indicates that, while the pseudo-first-order model is generally more suitable under these conditions, the pseudo-second-order model may also apply under certain circumstances. The results of the batch experiments demonstrate that iron oxide-coated ignimbrite is a promising adsorbent for effectively reducing high concentrations of As(V) in contaminated water
Assessing the role of field isolated Pseudomonas and Bacillus as growth‐promoting rizobacteria on avocado (Persea americana) seedlings
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024-07-17) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando
This research aims to assess the efficacy of two genera of rhizobacteria from avocado field isolated: Pseudomonas and Bacillus, as plant growth‐promoting microorganisms in Hass avocado trees grafted onto Zutano rootstock.
Assessment of soil characteristics and the productive potential of native Poaceae forage species in the Central Highlands of Peru
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2025-06-10) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Yalli Huamaní, Teodoro Bill; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Given the increasing pressure on natural grassland ecosystems in the Peruvian high Andes, optimizing the use of native forage species has become essential for understanding the relationship between soil characteristics and the productive potential of these plants. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and the produc tive potential of three native forage species: Festuca dolichophylla, Cinnagrostis vicunarum, and Jarava ichu. The research was conducted in natural grasslands in the district of Yauli, province of Yauli, department of Junin, at approximately 4000 m.a.s.l. During the dry season 2023, soil samples were collected following standardized protocols, and key soil parameters were analyzed. The nutritional characteristics of the forage species were also assessed, including dry matter content, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy. The results revealed significant differences among species. Festuca dolichophylla exhibited the highest protein content (10.7%), superior digestibility (52.5%), and greater metabolizable energy (8.4 MJ∙kg-1), making it the most suitable forage option for livestock in the highland ecosystem over 4000 m.a.s.l., where en vironmental factors constrain agricultural activity. In contrast, Cinnagrostis vicunarum and Jarava ichu showed lower protein levels, with Jarava ichu displaying particularly low digestibility (28.9%) and energy content (4.6 MJ∙kg-1), limiting its productive potential despite its high dry matter yield. These findings provide a strong scien tific foundation for developing sustainable grassland management strategies in the Peruvian Andes, supporting the implementation of agronomic practices that enhance forage productivity while contributing to biodiversity conser vation. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of soil characterization as a key tool for optimizing forage resource utilization in high-altitude farming systems, facilitating informed decision-making in land management and environmental remediation policies.
Bacillus subtilis and Rhizophagus intraradices improve vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of Fragaria × ananassa var. San Andreas
(MDPI, 2024-09-02) Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Alejandro, Leonela; Ccori, Thania; Cántaro Segura, Héctor; Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Strawberry cultivation requires strategies that maintain or improve its yield within a scheme in which reducing fertilizers and other chemical products can make its consumption safer and more environmentally friendly. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizophagus intraradices on strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality. B. subtilis and R. intraradices were inoculated and co-inoculated under three fertilization levels of 225-100-250, 112-50-125, and 0-0-0 kg・ha−1 of N, P2O5 and K2O. Vegetative growth was evaluated in plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), aerial fresh weight (g), aerial dry weight (g), and plant coverage (%) variables. Fruit quality parameters such as total acidity (g・100 mL−1), soluble solids (Brix◦), and firmness (kg) were also determined, as well as the number of fruits per m2 and yield (t・ha−1). The results showed that the pre-treatment of root immersion in a nutrient solution with B. subtilis and the fractionation of 6 L B. subtilis inoculation per plant at a concentration of 107 CFU・mL−1, in combination with 225-100-250 kg・ha−1 of N, P2O5, and K2O, achieved the highest accumulation of dry matter (12.9 +- 1.9 g・plant−1), the highest number of fruits (28.2 +- 4.5 fruits・m−2), and the highest yield (7.2 +- 1.4 t・ha−1). In addition, this treatment increased the soluble sugar content by 34.78% and fruit firmness by 26.54% compared to the control without inoculation. This study highlights the synergistic effect of mineral nutrition and microbial inoculation with B. subtilis in increasing strawberry yield and fruit quality.
Biochar-amended soils: A water-saving strategy for quinoa cultivation in the Andes
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024-12-30) Condori Ataupillco, Tatiana; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Quispe Rodriguez, Juan; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Velásquez Mantari, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Previous studies showed that biochar amended soils significantly enhanced the growth and yield of quinoa under water limitations. So it becomes an emerging agronomic strategy to consider for sustainable quinoa production. Biochar can specifically be considered for the area particularly receiving low annual rainfall and more vulnerable to current climate change conditions
El biofertilizante líquido fermentado de residuos de camal mejora el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2024-08-06) Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Lastra Paúcar, Sphyros; Verme Mustiga, Ezio; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
La aplicación exclusiva de fertilizantes sintéticos u orgánicos sigue generando polémica. La evidencia muestra que su aplicación conjunta puede mejorar la nutrición de los cultivos, evitar el uso excesivo de fertilizantes sintéticos y amortiguar su efecto contaminante en el suelo. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de dosis de fertilización orgánica y mineral sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz amarillo duro Megahíbrido 619 INIA empleando un biofertilizante líquido derivado de la fermentación de residuos de camal. Metodología: Mediante un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 4x2, se ensayaron cuatro dosis de fertilización química NPK y la aplicación del biofertilizante. La fertilización mineral se fraccionó en dos partes, mientras que las aplicaciones del biofertilizante fermentado de residuos de camal se realizaron vía drench durante el crecimiento vegetativo y entre las etapas de panojamiento y llenado de grano a una dosis de 50 L. ha-1 de producto. Resultados: El uso del biofertilizante líquido (K1) tuvo un impacto positivo en el crecimiento, con un efecto equiparable en la altura y área foliar de la planta al aplicar una dosis media de fertilización química (F2_K1). La dosis más baja de fertilización química en combinación con el biofertilizante (F1_K1) obtuvo un índice de cosecha estadísticamente superior (+14%) en comparación con el la fertilización completa (F3_K1). Implicaciones: Si bien las fertilizaciones más altas no produjeron rendimientos superiores, es posible que en otras condiciones y con otros híbridos de maíz sí se observen diferencias significativas. Conclusión: La aplicación del biofertilizante líquido junto con una dosis reducida de fertilización mineral permite obtener un mayor índice de cosecha y rendimientos comparables con el uso de una fertilización mineral completa en el maíz amarillo.
Bioprospecting and exploration of extremophilic enzymes in bioremediation of wastewater polluted
(CRC Press, 2024-04-12) Hualpa Cutipa, Edwin; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Alfaro Cancino, Milagros Estefani; Arquíñego Zárate, Fiorella Maité; Julca Santur, Nikol Gianella; Mayhua, María José; Castro Tena, Lucero Katherine
Water, covering three-quarters of the Earth, is crucial for life and ecosystems and is also essential in industrial processes. However, most aquatic environments are polluted due to the massive discharge of wastewater with high pollutant loads, which threatens ecosystem health. To mitigate this environmental impact, humans have tried various physical and chemical strategies, but increased wastewater and reagents have the disadvantage of generating more waste, making it an environmentally unsustainable problem. Governments are now focusing on integrating living organisms or biological treatments to reduce or mitigate pollutants in contaminated matrices. Microbial biodiversity is being studied through bioprospecting strategies and the search for new microorganisms capable of biodegrading pollutants. Extremophilic microbes, which have undergone evolutionary processes and exhibited adaptive traits, have the potential to transform harmful contaminants into beneficial resources and improve their tolerance mechanisms to complex pollutants. This chapter aims to provide updated information on sustainable wastewater bioremediation processes using extremophilic microorganisms and their enzymes, considering their properties, characteristics, stability, and biodegradation capacity. Genetic modifications and editions are also discussed to obtain biomolecules with greater versatility and efficacy
Carbon storage in coffee agroforestry systems: Role of native and introduced shade trees in the central Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Salgado Veramendi, Noelito; Romero Chavez, Lorena Estefani; Huerto Pajuelo, Eldhy Sianina; Ibarra Porra, Carolina del Carmen; Cunyas Camayo, Joseph Michael; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
What is the potential impact on carbon storage of the native and introduced tree species commonly associated with coffee in the central Peruvian Amazon? Coffee is a pivotal crop within the Peruvian economy. Nevertheless, the establishment of new plantations—driven by the subsistence needs of smallholder farmers—has led to expansion into forested areas. Given the significance of this crop and the demonstrated ecosystem benefits of agroforestry systems (AFSs), the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of native and introduced shade tree species on carbon storage in coffee plantations. This study was observational and exhibited characteristics of an unbalanced incomplete block design. Agroforestry systems (AFSs) with shade tree species such as Inga, Retrophyllum rospigliosii, Eucalyptus and Pinus, and three unshaded coffee plantations, were included in this study. The total carbon stored in each AFS was higher than in unshaded coffee plantations. Soil contributed between 47% and 91% to total carbon storage, shade trees (24–46%), coffee (2–7%), leaf litter (0.6–1.9%) and shrubs and herbaceous plants (0.02–0.3%). The AFS with R. rospigliosii achieved the highest carbon storage with 190.38 Mg ha−1, highlighting the compatibility of this species with coffee plantations, as well as its positive effect on climate change mitigation in deforested areas.
Challenges of organic amendments: Impact of vermicompost leachate and biochar on popcorn maize in saline soil
(MDPI, 2025-07-19) Rivas Aratoma, Brenda; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Organic amendments provide a sustainable strategy to enhance soil quality in degraded environments while also helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, for example, by improving soil structure, minimizing the use of synthetic fertilizers, and promoting a green economy. This study assessed the comparative effects of two organic amendments— vermicompost leachate and biochar—on the performance of popcorn maize (Zea mays L. var. everta) cultivated in saline soil conditions. Four treatments were evaluated: T0 (Control), T1 (Vermicompost leachate), T2 (Biochar), and T3 (Vermicompost leachate + Biochar), each with 10 replicates arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Although various soil physicochemical, microbiological, and agronomic parameters displayed no significant differences compared to the control, the application of biochar resulted in considerable improvements in soil total organic carbon, the microbial community (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, molds, and yeasts), and increased seed length and diameter. In contrast, vermicompost leachate alone negatively impacted plant growth, leading to decreases in leaf area, stem thickness, and grain yield. Specifically, grain yield declined by 46% with leachate alone and by 31% when combined with biochar, compared to the control. These findings emphasize the superior effectiveness of biochar over vermicompost leachate as a soil amendment under saline conditions and highlight the potential risks of widely applying compost teas in stressed soils. It is recommended to conduct site-specific assessments and screenings for phytotoxins and phytopathogens prior to use. Additionally, the combined application of leachate and biochar may not be advisable given the tested soil characteristics.
Challenges of organic amendments: Impact of vermicompost leachate and biochar on popcorn maize in saline soil
(Preprints.org, 2025-05-09) Rivas, Brenda; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Organic amendments offer a sustainable strategy to enhance soil quality in degraded environments, while also contribute to reducing greenhouse gas generation and implementing a green economy. This study evaluated the comparative effects of two organic amendments— vermicompost leachate and biochar—on the performance of Popcorn maize (Zea mays L. var. everta) grown under saline soil conditions. Four treatments were tested: T0 (Control), T1 (Vermicompost leachate), T2 (Biochar), and T3 (Vermicompost leachate + Biochar), each with 10 replicates arranged in a Completely Random Design (CRD). Although several soil physicochemical, microbiological, and agronomic parameters showed no significant differences compared to the control, biochar application led to notable improvements in soil total organic carbon, microbial community (mesophilic aerobes bacteria, molds, and yeasts), and increased seed length and diameter. In contrast, vermicompost leachate alone had a detrimental effect on plant growth, including reduced leaf area, stem thickness, and grain yield. Notably, grain yield declined by 46% with leachate alone and by 31% when combined with biochar, compared to the control. These results highlight the superior performance of biochar over vermicompost leachate as a soil amendment under saline conditions and underscore the potential risks of broadly applying compost teas in stressed soils. Site-specific assessments and screening for phytotoxins and phytopathogens are recommended before use. Furthermore, the combined use of leachate and biochar may not be advisable under the tested soil characteristics.
Chlorella sp. inoculum doses affect ethinylestradiol removal in a wastewater treatment plant in the Peruvian Andes
(Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Brasil, 2025-06-17) Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Velarde Apaza, Lelie Diana; Campos Ruiz, Joseph; Alva Plasencia, Edin Edgardo; Castillo Rojas, Eisner Will
The microalgae Chlorella sp. have demonstrated efficiency in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. However, there is no agreement on the inoculum dose since it depends on the contaminant concentration and other very specific parameters in each case. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Chlorella sp. inoculum doses on ethinylestradiol (EE) removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent in Celendín district of the province of Celendín, Cajamarca region, Peru. Four doses of inoculum (0, 100, 200, and 300 mL) were tested at a 2,1x10⁶ cell∙mL⁻¹ microalgae cell concentration and 4 mg∙L ⁻¹ of ethinylestradiol in photobioreactors. The final concentration of ethinylestradiol was determined after 20 days through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It was evidenced that a dose of 300 mL∙L ⁻¹ of Chlorella sp. could remove 96,49% of ethinylestradiol from wastewater, unlike the other tested concentrations, which were below 80,92% removal. It was concluded that at a higher dose of Chlorella sp. inoculum, a higher ethinylestradiol removal percentage was observed in a wastewater sample from a treatment plant in the Peruvian Andes.
Compost quality optimization through Plackett-Burman’s design
(OICC Press, 2024-08-28) Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Mendez Revollar, Yerly; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Carrion Carrera, Gladys
Purpose: This research aimed at compost quality optimization through Plackett-Burman’s design application.This statistical method was used to identify and evaluate key factors that impact compost quality and determine its optimal levels. Method: Eight experiments were carried out with variables such as leachate recirculation, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio,manure type, bacterial and fungi incorporation, type of plant material, and compost pile height. Results: Obtained results revealed significant influence of guinea pig manure in compost quality, improving pH and electric conductivity (dS∙m-1) values, as well as its influence on purple corn fresh and dry weight increase. However, the use of guinea pig manure can increase arsenic, mercury, and lead compost levels, but within the range allowed by Peruvian technical standards. Leachate recirculation showed significant effect on compost humidity increase, which decreased its physical quality to not permitted values by Peruvian technical standards. In addition, leachate uses a reduced number of corn leaves, as well as its fresh and dry weight. It was possible to identify optimal conditions to maximize composting process efficiency, through Plackett-Burman’s Design. Conclusion: These findings provide a solid foundation for composting practice's continuous improvement, contributing to high-quality organic fertilizer production more efficiently and sustainably. This study has the potential to guide future research and feasible applications in the agricultural field, favoring more environmentally friendly practices adoption.
Comprehensive spatial mapping of metals and metalloids in the Peruvian Mantaro Valley using advanced geospatial data Integration
(Elsevier, 2024-12-12) Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Pricope , Narcisa G.; Vera Vilchez, Jesús Emilio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Verástegui Martínez, Patricia
The quality and safety of soil are crucial for ensuring social and economic development and providing contaminant-free food. The availability and quality of soil data, particularly for multiple metals and metalloids, are often insufficient for comprehensive analysis. Soil formation and the distribution of metals are shaped by various factors such as geology, climate, topography, and human activities, making accurate modeling highly challenging. Additionally, agricultural intensification, urban expansion, road construction, and mining activities frequently result in soil pollution, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. This study aims to integrate diverse geospatial datasets with machine learning for high resolution soil contamination mapping (10 m spatial resolution) in a major agricultural region of Peruvian highlands. This study mapped 25 elements (Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Be, K, Na, As, Sb, Se, Tl, Cd, Zn, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, Fe, Co, Mn, V) in the Peruvian Mantaro Valley using a training dataset of 109 topsoil samples combined with various geospatial datasets (remote sensing, climate, topography, soil data, and distance). The model provided satisfactory results in predicting the spatial distribution of the selected elements, with R² values ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 for most elements. Edaphic, climate, and topographic covariates were the most significant predictors, particularly for croplands near rivers, whereas spectral variables were less important. The results reveal As, Pb, and Cd concentrations significantly above permissible limits, highlighting urgent health risks. These findings suggest that it is feasible to identify polluted soils and improve regulations based on widely available geospatial datasets with minimal training data. The study contributes to the development of models to assess the impact of pollutants on environmental and human health in the short-to-medium term, emphasizing the need for further research on the translocation of toxic metals into food crops and the implications for public health.
Current Progress in Microbial Biocontrol of Banana Fusarium Wilt: A Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2025-02-28) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Ramírez Maguiña, Héctor Andrés; Johnson Pozo, Luis Fernando; Ureta Sierra, Cledy; Cruz Luiz, Juancarlos Alejandro
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) poses a significant threat to global banana production. This systematic review updates current knowledge on the efficacy of various antagonistic microorganisms in controlling Foc, considering the recent spread of this disease to new regions. The studies were systematically analyzed, focusing on methodologies, results, and conclusions to provide a comprehensive overview of current research and its practical implications. A total of 118 studies were reviewed, covering the use of antagonistic microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and Pseudomonas spp., both in pure cultures and in consortia. Most studies focused on controlling Foc TR4 in Cavendish subgroup bananas and originated from Asia. Microbial consortia demonstrated a higher control percentage with lower variability, particularly in genera such as Pseudomonas. In contrast, pure cultures were more commonly used for Streptomyces. The choice between consortia and pure cultures depends on the genus and the experimental context, as each approach has distinct advantages. Although the reviewed studies were generally of high quality, long-term research is still lacking. Antagonistic microorganisms represent a promising alternative for Foc control, although their efficacy depends on the specific strain and environmental conditions. It has been observed that inoculating these microorganisms onto seedlings before transplantation or in combination with organic matter enhances their effectiveness. Localized testing and formulation optimization are recommended to improve their application as preventive and suppressive tools in soil against infections. The review highlights a vast diversity of microbial agents with high efficacy rates, various modes of action, and additional benefits for plant development beyond Foc biocontrol. Furthermore, some studies achieved 100% control at the plant level under controlled conditions. These findings demonstrate that biological control is a viable alternative for integrated Foc management. Future research should prioritize new approaches that facilitate the widespread adoption of these methodologies, including microbial formulation, field application, and integration with other control methods.
Digital soil mapping of metals and metalloids in croplands using multiple geospatial data and machine learning, implemented in GEE, for the Peruvian Mantaro Valley
(Elsevier, 2024-03-29) Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel; Vera Vilchez, Jesús Emilio; Huamani, Joseph; Cruz, Juancarlos; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Verástegui Martínez, Patricia
Quality and safety of the soil are essential to ensure social and economic development and provides the supply of contaminant free food. With agriculture intensification, expansion of urban zones, construction of roads, and mining, some agricultural soils sites become polluted increasing environmental risks to ecosystems functions and human health. Hence the need know the spatial distribution of elements in soils, we mapped 25 elements, namely Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Be, K, Na, As, Sb, Se, Tl, Cd, Zn, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, Fe, Co, Mn and V, using various geospatial datasets, such as remote sensing, climate, topography, soil data, and distance, to establish the spatial estimation models of spatial distribution trained trough machine learning model with a supervised dataset of 109 topsoil samples, into Google earth engine platform. Using R2, RMSE and MAE to assess the prediction accuracy. First Random Forest gave satisfactory results in predicting the distribution of analyzed elements in soil, being improved for some elements when adds more trees. Additionally, each element analyzed has a different combination of environmental covariates as predictor, mainly soil, climate, topographic and distance variables especially croplands close to rivers, with less importance for spectral variables. Our results suggest that is possible to identify polluted soils and improved regulations to minimize harm to environmental health and human health, for short-to-medium-term environmental risk control.
Effect of co-inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth of Persea americana seedlings infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
(MDPI, 2024-04-02) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Toro García, Marcia; Zúñiga Dávila, Doris Elizabeth
Avocado is one of the most in-demand fruits worldwide and the trend towards its sustainable production, regulated by international standards, is increasing. One of the most economically important diseases is root rot, caused by Phythopthora cinnamomi. Regarding this problem, antagonistic microorganism use is an interesting alternative due to their phytopathogen control efficiency. Therefore, the interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, native to the Peruvian coast (GWI) and jungle (GFI), and avocado rhizospheric bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, was evaluated in terms of their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi in the “Zutano” variety of avocado plants. The results showed that the GWI and Bacillus subtilis combination increased the root exploration surface by 466.36%. P. putida increased aerial biomass by 360.44% and B. subtilis increased root biomass by 433.85%. Likewise, P. putida rhizobacteria showed the highest nitrogen (24.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and sulfur (2.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations at a foliar level. The combination of GWI and Bacillus subtilis was the treatment that presented the highest calcium (16.00 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and magnesium (8.80 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations. The microorganisms’ multifunctionality reduced disease severity by 85 to 90% due to the interaction between mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting microorganisms that are antagonistic to P. cinnamomi represents a potential strategy for sustainable management of avocado cultivation.
Effects of Glomus iranicum inoculation on growth and nutrient uptake in potatoes associated with broad beans under greenhouse conditions
(MDPI, 2025-07-21) Contreras Pino, Douglas Lenin; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Verastequi Martínez, Patricia; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy
The rising global demand for food, including potatoes, necessitates increased crop production. To achieve higher yields, farmers frequently depend on regular applications of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. As people seek more environmentally friendly alternatives, biofertilizers are gaining popularity as a potential replacement for synthetic fertilizers. This study aimed to determine how Glomus iranicum affects the growth of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the nutritional value of potato tubers when grown alongside broad beans (Vicia faba L.). An experiment was conducted using potatoes tested at five dosage levels of G. iranicum, ranging from 0 to 4 g, to see its impact on the plants and soil. Inoculation with G. iranicum produced variable results in associated potato and bean crops, with significant effects on some variables. In particular, inoculation with 3 g of G. iranicum produced an increase in plant height (24%), leaf dry weight (90%), and tuber dry weight (57%) of potatoes. Similarly, 4 g of G. iranicum produced an increase in the foliar fresh weight (115%), root length (124%), root fresh weight (159%), and root dry weight (243%) of broad beans compared to no inoculation. These findings suggest that G. iranicum could be a helpful biological tool in Andean crops to improve the productivity of potatoes associated with broad beans. This could potentially reduce the need for chemical fertilizers in these crops.
Evaluación de la calidad nutricional del heno de avena (Avena sativa), ensilado (Avena sativa asociada con Vicia sativa) y pasto natural en la cuenca Mantaro del Perú
(2024-04-01) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Pantoja Aliaga, Cesar; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Contreras Paco, Jose; Sanchez Villanueva, Humberto; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina
Los pastos cultivados, así como los pastos naturales son importantes para el desarrollo de la ganadería en los andes del Perú, así como su conservación mediante el heno y ensilado. Sin embargo, en la práctica al ser el recurso alimenticio limitado se debe optar por todas estas opciones en la medida que se garantice el equilibrio de la dieta del animal, pero cada tipo tiene su propia calidad nutricional y esta información debe conocerse para planificar las acciones que maximicen la crianza. Por ello el objetivo de la investigación fue comparar la calidad nutricional del heno de avena, ensilado de avena asociada con vicia y pasto natural. En cuanto a la calidad nutricional, se evaluaron proteína total (PT), grasa (EE), fibra cruda (FC), ceniza (CZ), extracto libre de nitrógeno (ELN), calcio (Ca), fósforo (P), fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y ácida (FDA) y energía bruta (EB). Se utilizó el Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) para el análisis de varianza y para comparar las medias entre tratamientos la prueba de diferencia límite de significancia. Las medias de valores nutricionales en PT fueron de 6.26% en el ensilado respecto al heno y pasto natural. El pasto natural obtuvo un valor de 386.92 kcal /100 g MS en energía bruta у 22.24% en FC siendo superior al resto de tratamientos. La FDN y FDA, expresaron valores de 35.64% у 21.70% menores en el ensilado considerados óptimos. El Ca y P tuvieron variaciones de forma estadística y numérica que permite clasificar al ensilado, heno y pasto natural como alimentos de alta calidad nutricional para los rumiantes.