Examinando por Autor "Cruz Flores, Danny Julio"

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Creole goat morphological diversity partially mirrors district-level variation in the seasonally dry forest of Piura in Peru
(Public Library of Science, 2025-12-31) Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio; Gonzales Guevara, Pablo Ross; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Livestock systems in marginal ecosystems such as seasonally dry forests (SDFs) face increasing sustainability challenges, yet the role of morphology in mediating animal adaptation to local environmental and management conditions remains underexplored. In the Piura region of northern Peru—home to the country's most extensive SDF and its leading hub of goat production—Creole goats represent a diverse and under-characterized resource shaped by natural and human selection. Despite Creole goats' relevance, little is known about the spatial structure of their phenotypic variation or how it may signal emerging regional morphotypes. Addressing this gap, we conducted a comprehensive morphometric analysis of 617 female Creole goats across three distinct districts within Piura's SDF. Using linear body measurements (LBMs), morphometric indices, and multivariate analyses, we revealed significant district-level phenotypic differentiation. Goats from Catacaos exhibited consistently larger body dimensions and higher compactness indices, forming a distinct cluster in hierarchical analyses and suggesting the emergence of a localized morphotype. Notably, this phenotypic pattern was largely driven by animals from four specific farmers, pointing to the potential influence of herd-level management practices or breeding history. Despite this within-district heterogeneity, the Catacaos subgroup remained clearly differentiated from goats in Lancones. Principal component analysis of LBMs identified a dominant size axis explaining over 70% of variance, with Catacaos goats diverging along this dimension. In contrast, morphometric indices showed weaker discriminatory power. These findings suggest that LBMs outperform derived indices in capturing fine-scale phenotypic structure and may reflect both ecological adaptation and management-driven selection. Our results underscore the potential of morphometric profiling for identifying regionally adapted livestock types and lay the groundwork for future geographic indication schemes that valorize local biodiversity and support rural livelihoods.
Evaluación de un protocolo de sincronización de estro en ovejas con destete temporal para inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020-09-29) Espinoza Molina, Saúl; Gamarra Reyes, Yulyssa del Pilar; Ticona Huaroco, Chessyra Ninoska; Ccari Huayta, Mario; Espinoza Rojas, Gabriela; Pérez Guerra, Uri Harold; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar un protocolo de inducción de celo en borregas lactantes con tratamiento hormonal de progestágenos y eCG con destete temporal de corderos para inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo por vía transcervical con semen refrigerado sobre la presentación de celo, preñez y natalidad. Se trabajó con 37 borregas distribuidas entre tres tratamientos: T1, borregas con destete temporal de la cría (n=15); T2, borregas con cría sin destete (n=10); T3, borregas en seca y sin cría (n=12). El destete temporal fue por 48 h previos a la inseminación. T1 y T3 presentaron una mayor tasa de celo manifiesto (100 y 91.66%, respectivamente) que T2 (60%; p<0.05). La tasa de no retorno de celo a los 14-17 días pos-servicio fue estadísticamente similar entre grupos (93.33, 60.0, 91.66% para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente). En forma similar, el porcentaje de preñez por ecografía a los 45 días y el porcentaje de natalidad tuvieron los mismos valores y fueron estadísticamente similares (93.33, 60.0 y 66.67 y para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente).
Morphological divergence of Creole goats across Peruvian ecosystems
(Elsevier Ltd., 2026-07-18) Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Paredes Chocce, Miguel Enrique; Temoche Socola, Víctor Alexander; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alexandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Peruvian Creole goats constitute a genetically distinct population shaped by long-term crossbreeding and adaptation. Peru spans ecological gradients that likely drive regional phenotypic differentiation, yet the morphometric basis remains poorly resolved. We assessed the concordance between morphometric structuring of goats, ecosystem distribution, and regional origin. Body weight (BW) and seven linear body measurements (LBM) were recorded in 515 adult female goats sampled across five ecosystems and seven regions. Low-dimensional structure for BW and LBM was explored using uniform manifold approximation and projection with k-means clustering, and cluster separability was assessed using a linear support vector machine. Six body conformation indices supported body-type interpretation. Four morphometric clusters were identified, structured by Andean shrublands (AS), plains seasonally dry forest (PSDF), and inter-Andean seasonally dry forest (IASDF). Clusters C1 and C3 were dominated by AS goats (77% and 79%, respectively), revealing two morphotypes: a convexilinear form with elevated pelvic indices (C1) and a lighter, shorter, longilinear form (C3). Clusters C2 and C4 were mainly formed by PSDF (54%) and IASDF goats (66%), respectively, with C2 characterized by greater stature and thoracic robustness, and C4 by a narrower pelvic conformation. In contrast, goats from the other ecosystems exhibited greater heterogeneity. Each cluster was dominated by >60% of goats from a single region, with C1, C2, C3, and C4 associated with Ica, Piura, Ayacucho, and Amazonas, respectively. These findings establish the first ecosystem-based national morphometric framework for Peruvian Creole goats, linking body conformation to ecological and geographic context and informing conservation and potential geographical indications.
Neospora caninum infection and reproductive disorders in Creole goats from southern Peru: a Bayesian mediation analysis across agroecological zones
(Veterinary World, 2026-05-19) Soca Jorge, Jhony; Trillo Salvador, Marisela; Valdivia Zevallos, Justo; Canchino Gutierrez, Juan; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Mendoza Alacute, Edwin; Temoche Socola, Victor Alexander; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Background and Aim: Neosporosis, caused by Neospora caninum, is an important infectious cause of reproductive failure in ruminants, yet its epidemiological role in goats from hyper-arid coastal ecosystems remains poorly understood. In southern Peru, Creole goat production is predominantly extensive, with limited sanitary control and frequent dog–livestock interactions, which may facilitate parasite transmission. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of N. caninum and evaluate its association with reproductive problems in Creole goats, considering age and agroecological zone within a Bayesian mediation framework. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between March and June 2025 in the Ica region of southern Peru. A total of 182 female goats from 28 herds with a history of reproductive disorders were included. Serum samples were analyzed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine N. caninum serostatus. Reproductive problems, defined as abortion or the birth of weak offspring, were considered the outcome variable. Associations among age, geographic zone, infection status, and reproductive problems were assessed using a Bayesian mediation model to estimate direct, indirect, and total effects. Results: The prevalence of N. caninum was higher in Zone 1 (25.78%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.57–33.58) than in Zone 2 (11.11%; 95% CI: 4.08–20.38). Seropositive goats exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of reproductive problems (odds ratio = 6.49; 95% highest posterior density: 1.76–16.11). Reproductive disorders were more frequent in Zone 2 despite its lower seroprevalence, indicating the influence of non-infectious factors. Age showed a significant positive association with reproductive problems, reflecting cumulative physiological and environmental stress. Mediation analysis revealed that N. caninum acted as a direct risk factor rather than a significant mediator of age- or zone-related effects. Conclusion: N. caninum infection is strongly associated with reproductive problems in Creole goats from southern Peru and primarily functions as an individual-level risk factor. Geographic and age-related effects appear to operate largely through direct pathways independent of infection status. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of reproductive disorders and underscore the importance of integrating infection control with nutritional and management strategies in extensive goat production systems.
Occurrence of endoparasites in creole goats under an extensive production system on the southern coast of Peru
(MDPI, 2025-04-30) Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Soca Jorge, Jhony; Terán Rojas, Jose Alfonso; Dávalos Almeyda, María Emilia; Valdivia Zevallos, Justo; Ruiz Chamorro, Jose Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Endoparasitosis is a critical health challenge in the management of Creole goats under extensive production systems due to its negative impact on animal health and productivity. This study determined the occurrence of endoparasites and identified associated risk factors in Creole goats from the southern coast of Peru. Fecal samples were collected from 129 goats in two localities of the Pisco province to detect the presence of oocysts from Eimeria spp. and eggs from trichostrongyles, Skrjabinema spp., Trichuris spp., and Fasciola hepatica. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and adjusted through bootstrapping and stepwise selection methods, with locality, feeding type, age, and body condition as predictive variables. The results revealed a high occurrence of Eimeria spp. (86.0%) and trichostrongyles (65.1%), while Fasciola hepatica (14.0%) and Skrjabinemaspp. (7.0%) were exclusively identified in Independencia and San Clemente, respectively. Mixed infestations were predominant (65.9%), occurring more frequently in Independencia (75.9%) than in San Clemente (57.7%) (OR: 2.26, p < 0.05). The likelihood of infestation was significantly higher in Independencia for Eimeria spp. (OR: 5.72, p < 0.01) and Fasciola hepatica (OR: 61.4, p < 0.01). Moreover, goats fed exclusively on alfalfa were more likely to be infested with Fasciola hepatica compared to those fed a mixed diet of alfalfa and crop residues (OR: 0.06, p < 0.05). These findings underscore the necessity of implementing comprehensive health programs tailored to local management and feeding conditions.
Quebranta grape pomace from the Ica Valley improves milk lipid profile in Saanen goats
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 2026-04-30) Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Soca Jorge, Jhony; Requena Castro, Nicole; Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Vasquez, Ángel; Canchino Gutiérrez, Juan; Teran Rojas, José Alfonso; Casanova Luzardo, Gabriel; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Background: Quebranta grape pomace (Vitis vinifera, Quebranta variety), a by-product of winemaking and pisco production, contains a distinct metabolite profile of phenolic compounds shaped by the arid agroecological conditions of the Ica valley. Its incorporation into ruminant diets may enhance milk quality while contributing to the valorization of agro-industrial waste; however, its effects on dairy goat milk composition have not been evaluated in Peru. Aim: To assess the effects of partial substitution of dietary forage with Quebranta grape pomace powder on the physicochemical properties, lipid profile, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of Saanen goat milk. Methods: Twenty primiparous Saanen goats were assigned to two dietary treatments (n = 10 each) for 7 weeks: a control diet (T0) and a diet with 8% grape pomace powder (dry matter basis) replacing maize stover (T1). Milk was sampled weekly for physicochemical analysis. Pooled samples from three time points were used for lipid profile, polyphenol, anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity analyses; these results were therefore considered descriptive given pseudoreplication. Treatment effects were evaluated using linear models including day in milk as a covariate. Results: Grape pomace inclusion increased milk fat content by 16.96% without affecting milk yield, protein, lactose, or total solids. Lipid profiling indicated a potential enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linoleic acid, based on the magnitude of changes observed. Milk phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (>6,000 µmol Trolox/100 g) were not detectably altered, although further validation with increased replication is warranted. Conclusion: Quebranta grape pomace improved milk lipid content in Saanen goats, with evidence suggestive of PUFA enrichment, while preserving milk yield, physicochemical characteristics, and antioxidant capacity. These findings support grape pomace as a functional and sustainable feed ingredient for dairy goat production.