- Bienvenidos al Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Comunidades en el Repositorio
Seleccione una comunidad para explorar sus colecciones.
Envíos recientes
Informe del Taller "Evaluación de Actividades Doctores en Plantas Gestión 2014
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2014-11-17)
Este informe documenta el Taller "Evaluación de Actividades Doctores en Plantas Gestión 2014", realizado los días 5 y 6 de noviembre de 2014 en el auditorio de la Estación Experimental Agraria Vista Florida en Chiclayo, Perú. El evento fue organizado por CABI-Plantwise Sede Brasil (Centro Regional para América del Sur) y la Dirección General de Extensión Agraria del INIA (Coordinación Nacional Convenio INIA-Plantwise), dirigido a especialistas del INIA que brindan asistencia técnica en las Clínicas de Plantas - Módulos de Asistencia Técnica (MAT) de ocho Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias involucradas en el Convenio de Cooperación INIA-Plantwise. Las Clínicas para Plantas son un servicio público establecido desde 2012, ubicadas en lugares públicos donde productores agrarios llevan muestras de plantas enfermas para recibir diagnóstico y recomendaciones sobre problemas fitosanitarios (plagas, enfermedades, deficiencias nutricionales). Los objetivos del taller fueron: analizar y evaluar actividades desarrolladas por las Clínicas de Plantas en las ocho EEAs durante 2014, aplicar medidas correctivas a dificultades presentadas, e intercambiar experiencias sobre el impacto en productores de las ocho regiones. Participaron especialistas de las EEAs: Donoso-Huaral, Vista Florida-Chiclayo, Baños del Inca-Cajamarca, El Porvenir-Tarapoto, Canaán-Ayacucho, Santa Ana-Huancayo, Andenes-Cusco, e Illpa-Puno. Las exposiciones fueron conducidas por la Dra. Yelitza Colmenarez (Directora Regional CABI-Plantwise), con apoyo de los Dres. Martha Passador y Javier Franco. Se presentaron resultados de cada EEA, identificándose fortalezas y limitaciones: atención reducida de clínicas, limitado apoyo de especialistas, retrasos en procesamiento de datos, falta de material divulgativo, y multiplicidad de funciones de coordinadores. Las conclusiones destacan que el evento cumplió objetivos propuestos y los especialistas continuarían el Plan operativo hasta diciembre 2014. Las recomendaciones incluyen: implementar medidas correctivas identificadas, regularizar y oficializar Adenda N°01, preparar proyecto de Adenda para ampliar vigencia del Convenio hasta 2018, continuar eventos de fortalecimiento de capacidades, y realizar monitoreo/supervisión en 2015 de los Módulos de Asistencia Técnica en las distintas EEAs.
In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Artemisia absinthium against gastrointestinal nematodes of free-grazing goats from Ayacucho, Peru
(Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh (BDvetNET), 2025-09-22) Flores Prado, Vania; Godoy Padilla, David; Limaymanta Zavala, Milagros; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Zárate Rendón, Daniel
Objective: The study assessed the anthelmintic activity of Artemisia absinthium ethanolic extract for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in goats, both in vitro using infective larvae and in vivo in naturally infected goats under free-grazing conditions in the region of Ayacucho, Peru.
Materials and Methods: For the in vitro assay, a larval motility inhibition test was performed on Trichostrongylus spp. infective larvae from goats using three different dilutions: 150, 175, and 200 mg/ml of the plant extract. In vivo efficacy was evaluated through the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), which was applied to 15 naturally infected Creole goats in one community. Animals were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups and treated orally with 600 mg/kg of the plant extract. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum on days 0 (pre-treatment) and 7 and 15 post-treatment for egg count analysis.
Results: In vitro results showed the highest inhibition of larval motility (81.79%) and larvicidal efficacy (82.2%) at the highest extract concentration (200 mg/ml). However, the in vivo results indicated that A. absinthium, at the concentration used, did not exhibit any significant effect on the FECRT.
Conclusion: Although A. absinthium showed promising in vitro anthelmintic effects, the extract failed to demonstrate significant efficacy in vivo at the tested dose. Additionally, continuous monitoring of drugs in the region of study is strongly recommended based on the results obtained for albendazole.
Eco-Efficient Intensification of Potato with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride Under NPK Fertilization
(MDPI, 2025-10-15) Tueros Munive, Miguel Luis; Vilcapoma Paliza, Melina Luz; Pillaca Chillcce, Guido Bryan; Velásquez Mantari, José; Campos Villar, Henry; Cántaro Segura, Hector Baroni; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Potato production in the Andean highlands demands strategies that reduce dependence on synthetic inputs without sacrificing yield. We evaluated two microbial bioinputs—Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride—applied once pre-plant to seed tubers, under three organo-mineral fertilization regimes (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended NPK rate) in two cultivars (INIA 303-Canchán and Yungay) in field conditions in Ayacucho, Peru, using a randomized complete block, split-plot design (three replicates). Agronomic traits (plant height, root dry weight, stems per plant, tubers per plant, and plot-level yield) were analyzed with robust two-way ANOVA and multivariate methods. Combining microbial inoculation with 50% NPK sustained growth responses comparable to 100% NPK for key traits: in Yungay with T. viride, plant height at 50% NPK (≈96.15 ± 1.71 cm) was not different from 100% NPK (≈98.87 ± 1.70 cm), and root dry weight at 50% NPK (≈28.50 ± 0.28 g) matched or exceeded 100% NPK (≈16.97–22.62 g depending on cultivar–treatment). Notably, T. viride increased root biomass even without mineral fertilizer (≈27.62 ± 0.29 g in Yungay), while B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor and stem number at full NPK (≈4.5 ± 0.29 stems). Yungay out-yielded INIA 303-Canchán overall (≈57.5 ± 2.5 kg vs. ≈42.7 ± 2.5 kg per plot). The highest yields occurred with B. subtilis + 100% NPK (≈62.88 ± 6.07 kg per plot), followed by B. subtilis + 50% NPK (≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plot). Plant height was the strongest correlate of yield (Spearman ρ ≈ 0.60), underscoring its value as a proxy for productivity. Overall, a single pre-plant inoculation with B. subtilis or T. viride can halve mineral fertilizer inputs while maintaining growth and sustaining high, cultivar-dependent yields in highland potato systems.
Eficacia de atrayentes en el control de la mosca de la mazorca (Euxesta spp.) y su impacto en el rendimiento del maíz
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, 2025-10-19) Vasquez Ortiz, Wildo Ivan; Huaman LIzana, Darwin; Velasquez Huaman, Fredy; Díaz Morales, Luis Alberto; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
El maíz amiláceo (Zea mays L.), variedad blanco Urubamba PMV 560, representa un cultivo estratégico para la alimentación y economía de las comunidades altoandinas del Perú. Su producción se ve amenazada por la mosca de la mazorca (Euxesta spp.), plaga que disminuye el rendimiento y la calidad del grano. Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de cuatro atrayentes y un testigo, aplicados en trampas McPhail, para reducir poblaciones de Euxesta spp. en maíz cultivado en la región Apurímac, Perú. Se analizaron el número de moscas atrapadas (ECM), número de larvas por mazorca (NLM), la incidencia de daño en mazorcas (IDM) y rendimiento del grano (RGH). El tratamiento con proteína hidrolizada (T5) mostró una captura de ECM (691,5 ± 105,6), NLM (44,6 ± 5,0), y IDM (11,7 ± 1,6), mostrando diferencias significativas (p < 0,01) al tratamiento testigo (T1), que registró un ECM (1,2 ± 0,4), NLM (82 ± 4,3) y IDM (38,3 ± 0,9). En rendimiento, T5 alcanzó 3,22 ± 0,4 t/ha, mientras que T1 obtuvo 1,06 ± 0,1 t/ha. Se concluye que el uso de proteína hidrolizada es una elección eficaz para reducir la presión de Euxesta spp. y mejorar la productividad del maíz en zonas altoandinas.
Characterization of goat production systems in the Amazonian dry tropical forest of Peru through multivariate analysis
(Frontiers, 2025-10-21) Rodríguez Vargas, Aníbal Raúl; Tafur Gutiérrez, Lucinda; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Alva Tafur, Gudelio; Castañeda Palomino, Katherine Milagros; Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Barrantes Campos, Cecilio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
The study aimed to characterize goat production systems in the tropical dry forest of Peru through multivariate analysis of 25 socioeconomic and productive variables in 60 producers from Bagua Grande, El Milagro, Cajaruro, and Cumba. Descriptive analysis, multidimensional scaling (stress = 0.03272), categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied. A predominance of extensive management (98.3%), with low technical assistance (81.7%), absence of irrigation (90%), and visual selection of animals (100%) was identified. Marketing responds to immediate economic needs (36.7%), while vaccination coverage is poor (88.3% not vaccinated). CATPCA explained 54.5% of the variance (Cronbach's alpha = 0.965), highlighting producer education, infrastructure, and access to water and energy as key factors for improving production efficiency and mitigating commercial seasonality. HCA identified two goat production systems: the improved extensive system (EES) and the traditional extensive system (TES). The EES grouped older and more experienced producers, with larger herds, higher sales weights, greater specialization, forage diversification, better infrastructure, and higher deworming frequency. In contrast, the TES included younger producers with smaller herds, lower sales weights, lower educational levels, agricultural dependence, less forage diversity, limited infrastructure, and limited sanitary measures. These differences highlight the impact of knowledge and technological development on productive sustainability. It is concluded that technological development, access to resources, and production experience are key to improving the efficiency and sustainability of goat systems in the tropical dry forests of Peru.
Impact of liquid biofertilizer from cocoa shells on the growth and chlorophyll content of sweet peppers (Capsicum chinense L.) in San Martín, Peru
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-09-24) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Lozano , Andi; Díaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Siqueira Bahia, Rita de Cassia
The growth and yield of sweet peppers are constrained by factors such as fertilization practices and edaphoclimatic conditions, which ultimately threaten global food security in the context of an ever-growing population. This study evaluated the effect of a liquid biofertilizer derived from cocoa husks on the growth and chlorophyll content of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense) cultivated in San Martín, Peru. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation in Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru (6°35′00″ S, 76°19′46″ W). A completely randomized design was applied, consisting of five treatments (0, 750, 1250, 2250, and 3000 mL) with 20 plants per treatment, totaling 100 experimental units. The biofertilizer was applied eight days after sowing (days). Plant height, stem diameter, and leaf chlorophyll content were measured at 15, 35, and 85 days. After 85 days, the highest plant height was observed with the 3000 mL and 1250 mL treatments, reaching averages of 29.98 and 28.25 cm, respectively. Stem diameter was maximized with 3000 mL (6.25 cm), whereas the highest chlorophyll content was recorded with 1250 mL, averaging 35.37 SPAD units. These results highlight the potential of liquid biofertilizers produced from cocoa shells to enhance nutrient uptake, increase plant biomass, and improve photosynthetic capacity, thereby contributing to sustainable sweet pepper production.
Strategic supplementation of multinutritional blocks for goats (Capra hircus) under an intensive system on the central coast of Peru
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, 2025-10-27) Sessarego Dávila, Enmanuel Alexander; Castañeda, K.M.; Canchino, J.R.; Casanova, G.A.; Ramírez Vergara, Raul Omar; Ríos, P.M.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of multi nutritional blocks (MNB) for growing goats on their productive and economic performance in an intensive system, on the central Peruvian coast. For this, 51 Saanen goats at two months of age and 9.7±1.4kg live weight on average were randomly distributed in three treatments: T0 = control; T1 = MNB supplementation with 24% crude protein (CP), and T2 = MNB supplementation with 29% CP, for a period of two months. Initial live weight (ILW, kg), final live weight (FLW, kg), weight gain (WG, kg), survival rate (SR, %) and economic retribution (ER, S/) were evaluated, using SPSS v. 27. Values of 16.17±1.65 and 6.52±1.44kg were obtained for FLW and WG, respectively, and the SR was 100% for all groups. On the other hand, MNB supplementation had a highly significant effect (p = 0.000) on FLW and WG, and a higher SR was observed when MNB was supplied with 24% CP. In conclusion, MNB supplementation with 24% CP for growing goats, under an intensive production system, significantly improves their productive performance and would achieve a higher economic return.
Impact of the Association of Maize with Native Beans on the Morphological Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Forage Intended for Silage in the Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-10-22) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Reyna, Manuel; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Zagaceta Llanca, Luis Homero; Yalta Vela, Juan; Isla Pérez, José Manuel; Paucar, Ysai; Altamirano Tantalean, Miguel A.; Valqui, Leandro
Scenarios of climate change, extensive land use, soil degradation, the loss of native forest cover due to monoculture expansion, and pasture scarcity pose new challenges to livestock farming worldwide. Associated crops emerge as an alternative to mitigate these factors; however, selecting compatible species that do not generate competition and optimize the attributes of the forage is a necessity. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a maize and bean association, and cutting time on the morphological variables, yield, and nutritional composition of forage. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 3A × 3C factorial arrangement and three blocks was used. Factor A (associations) had three levels: INIA-604-Morocho maize monoculture (M), M+PER1003544 chaucha bean association (M+F1), and M+PER1003551 chaucha bean association (M+F2). Factor C (maize cutting stage) had three levels: R2 (blister grain), R3 (milky grain), and R4 (pasty grain). A total of 27 experimental units were established. No silage was made; the nutritional quality was evaluated as the raw material for silage. The treatments modulated key attributes for silage. In R4, the M+F2 association (INIA-604-Morocho + PER1003551) showed a higher percentage of dry matter in the system (32.36%) and better mixture quality due to a lower NDF and ADF (48.22% and 23.29%) and higher digestibility and protein values (62.10% and 9.53%). In addition, dry matter yields increased compared with R2 in M+F1 (134.16%), M+F2 (90.56%), and M (138.48%). Although R3 maximized green forage, R4 offered the best combination of quantity and quality for silage (as raw material), reducing the risk of deterioration and improving forage use efficiency. In general, combining maize with beans and adjusting the cut to R4 optimizes the production and quality of the raw material for silage, with the criterion that these findings pertain to pre-ensiled material and should be validated in future studies.
Importancia del uso racional de pesticidas [2018]
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2018-12) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
El uso racional de pesticidas es crucial para la salud humana y ambiental, ya que reduce los riesgos de intoxicación, protege la biodiversidad y el suelo, y promueve la rentabilidad al disminuir la dependencia de químicos. El programa de colaboración entre INIA y CABI Plantwise fomenta la adopción de métodos sostenibles, como el control biológico y el uso de herramientas digitales, para proteger los cultivos de manera eficiente y segura.
Meet Flavia a Peruvian plant doctor
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2014) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
El video presenta las experiencias de la ingeniera Flavia Félix-Huanca y de la agricultora Sonia Osores Figueroa, quienes participan en las clínicas de plantas como parte del programa Plantwise en el Perú. La Ing. Félix-Huanca explica que los agricultores acuden con diferentes problemas fitosanitarios, principalmente causados por hongos debido a las condiciones húmedas de las zonas de cultivo de papa. Por su parte, Sonia Osores relata su vida como agricultora y de los problemas que se presentan en el cultivo de papa para la obtención de alimentos sanos. El video resalta la importancia del diagnóstico oportuno, la capacitación continua y el trabajo colaborativo entre agricultores y especialistas. Fue producido por Panos Pictures en el marco del Convenio de Cooperación Técnica entre el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) y CABI Plantwise.