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Libro de Resúmenes: III Convención Internacional de Suelos y XX Congreso Peruano de la Ciencia del Suelo
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) – Dirección de Servicios Estratégicos Agrarios, 2025-11) Quispe Apaza , Cinthia Sheila; Medrano Damián, Soledad; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Olivera Vilca, Sócrates; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Ramírez Maguiña , Héctor A.; Peralta Guzmán, Anthony L.; Panduro Tenazoa, Nadia M.; Cervantes Martínez, Joselin N.
El suelo constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales para la vida en la Tierra, al actuar como soporte físico, fuente de nutrientes y hábitat de una vasta comunidad de organismos. Su adecuada gestión resulta esencial para la seguridad alimentaria, la conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo sostenible de los sistemas productivos. A través de sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas, el suelo participa en procesos determinantes como la retención de agua, la disponibilidad de nutrientes, la regulación del clima y el almacenamiento de carbono, desempeñando un papel clave en la mitigación del cambio climático.
Sin embargo, las presiones derivadas del uso intensivo del territorio, la erosión, y el cambio climático amenazan la integridad del suelo y su capacidad para sostener la producción agrícola y los servicios ecosistémicos que provee. En este contexto, la investigación científica y la innovación tecnológica adquieren un rol determinante para impulsar estrategias de manejo sostenible, orientadas a la restauración, conservación y valorización de este recurso.
El libro de resúmenes de la III Convención Internacional de Suelos y XX Congreso Peruano de la Ciencia del Suelo reúne 146 trabajos de investigación, distribuidos en siete ejes temáticos que reflejan la diversidad e importancia de los estudios desarrollados en torno al recurso edáfico.
Los temas comprenden la física, química y mineralogía del suelo; la ecología y biología del suelo; la fertilidad y su relación con la nutrición vegetal; la génesis, clasificación y geografía del suelo; la recuperación de suelos degradados; los servicios ecosistémicos del suelo y el agua; así como la educación y extensión en la ciencia del suelo. Las investigaciones enmarcadas en estos siete ejes temáticos constituyen una valiosa contribución al avance de la ciencia del suelo en el Perú y en el ámbito internacional, al promover una visión multidisciplinaria e inclusiva que articula el conocimiento científico, la gestión ambiental y la formación de capacidades. Este esfuerzo colectivo refleja el compromiso de la comunidad científica, productores, comunidades locales y del sector público con la protección y el uso responsable del suelo en beneficio de las generaciones presentes y futuras.
La organización expresa su agradecimiento a los autores, instituciones participantes y colaboradores que hicieron posible la elaboración de este libro de resúmenes, el cual representa un testimonio del progreso y la cooperación en torno al estudio y manejo sostenible del recurso edáfico.
Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mining-Affected River Sediments in the Peruvian Central Highlands
(MDPI, 2025-09-16) Custodio, María; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Huarcaya, Javier; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis
Heavy metal contamination in rivers is a serious environmental and public health concern, especially in areas affected by mining. This study evaluated the levels of contamination and the associated ecological and carcinogenic risks in the sediments of the Cunas River, located in the central highlands of Peru. Sediment samples were collected from upstream and downstream sections. Several metals and metalloids were analyzed, including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). The ecological risk assessment focused on ten of these elements, while carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed for seven metals selected based on their toxicological importance. The results showed that Cd and Pb concentrations were higher in the downstream section. Cd and As exceeded ecological risk thresholds. Regarding human health, As and Pb surpassed the acceptable limits for both the Hazard Index (HI) and the Potential Carcinogenic Risk (PCR). According to EPA guidelines, these values indicate a potentially significant lifetime cancer risk. The main exposure routes include direct contact with sediments and the consumption of aquatic organisms. Continuous monitoring, phytoremediation actions, and restrictions on the use of contaminated water are strongly recommended to reduce ecological and health risks.
Effects of Planting Methods on the Establishment, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Hybrid Grass Cuba OM-22 in the Dry Tropics of Peru
(MDPI, 2025-10-28) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Valqui, Leandro; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Altamirano Tantalean, Miguel A.; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Yalta Vera, Juan
Climate change and livestock expansion have affected forage supply in the dry tropics. Therefore, optimizing planting methods adapted to adverse tropical environments is essential for establishment and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different planting methods on the establishment rate, morphology, yield, and nutritional composition of Cuba OM-22 under the soil and climate conditions of the dry tropics of Peru, using a block design with four replicates and five methods for propagation by cuttings. The S4 (two-node cuttings, 25 cm in length; horizontal position 180°, parallel to the soil surface; fully buried at 8 cm depth; no spacing between cuttings along the furrow) method offered the best balance between yield and quality, with higher establishment rate (55.93%), height (182.15 cm; higher than S1 and S5), and more tillers (surpassing S1 and S2 by 16.97% and 18.86%). In addition, it obtained good green forage yields (137.43 t ha⁻¹) and was better than all planting methods in dry matter yield (37.45 t ha⁻¹). In nutritional composition, S4 ranked among the highest averages for nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (43.22%) and ash (11.06%). However, protein, crude fiber, and fat content did not differ between methods. On the other hand, planting methods showed negative correlations between the number of tillers and ash content (p = 0.006; r = −0.79), ash and NFE (p = 0.000; r = −0.92), and protein with crude fiber (p = 0.029; r = −0.68). These findings highlight S4 as a key strategy for optimizing establishment, yield, and quality in Cuba OM-22 in the dry tropics.
Simulation of soil organic carbon potential sequestration for high Andes Peruvian croplands
(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2025-10-06) Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel; Vera Vílchez, Jesús Emilio; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Mestanza, Carlos
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in croplands represents a significant opportunity to mitigate climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Simulation tools are increasingly used to assess the impact of climate change and soil management on soil organic carbon stock dynamics. Although Andean soils typically store large amounts of organic carbon, agricultural practices, especially plowing, may deplete these stocks, creating a need to understand these dynamics better. Here, we show the soil organic carbon sequestration potential in croplands in the Peruvian Andean region over 50 years. Soil organic carbon content and bulk density were spatially predicted across the study area using 100 georeferenced soil samples to quantify organic carbon stocks. Spatial interpolation was performed using Ordinary Kriging with exponential and spherical variogram models, which provided the best fit to the data. The RothC model was used to simulate changes in soil organic carbon stocks under two contrasting agricultural management scenarios: one without manure application and another with annual application of one ton of manure per hectare. We found that manure application can substantially increase soil organic carbon sequestration in croplands with increases ranging from 105.22 to 214.94 Mg ha-¹ over 50 years. The potential for increased carbon sequestration through manure application could help compensate for losses in other areas of the watershed, particularly grasslands (74.4 % of the area). This study contributes valuable information for developing sustainable land management strategies in Andean agroecosystems.
Yield estimation based on agronomic traits in vegetables under different biochar levels
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-09-29) Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Taipe Crispin, Maglorio; Marcelo Matero, Jhonny Demis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through oxygen-limited pyrolysis of organic biomass, demonstrates exceptional potential as a soil amendment due to its porous structure and stability. This research investigated the impact of guinea pig manure biochar on three vegetable species cultivated in high Andean conditions: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.), and chard (Beta vulgaris var.). The study implemented four biochar application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) and measured comprehensive agronomic parameters including leaf count, leaf length, and fresh/dry biomass of both leaves and roots. Simultaneously, UAV-captured multispectral imagery provided spectral indices that were integrated with agronomic data into machine learning models: linear regression, support vector machines (SVM), and regression trees (CART). Results demonstrated significant vegetative growth enhancement and yield increases across all crops, with the 30 t ha-1 application rate producing optimal outcomes. Predictive modeling exhibited remarkable accuracy: spinach analysis via SVM achieved R² = 0.94 and RMSE = 0.32 g; chard analysis through CART delivered R² = 0.92 and RMSE = 0.35 g; and cabbage assessment using CART yielded R² = 0.91 and RMSE = 0.38 g. This research substantiates biochar’s effectiveness as an organic amendment while establishing a reliable framework for crop yield prediction using machine learning algorithms integrated with spectral data. These findings position biochar as a valuable component in sustainable agricultural systems, particularly for vegetable production in challenging high-altitude environments.
Cross‑sectional study of gastrointestinal helminthosis in goats from three ecosystems in Peru: Prevalence and associated factors
(Springer Nature, 2025-11-03) Castillo Doloriert, Hugo; Paredes Chocce, Miguel Enrique; Vargas Calla, Ana; Robles Noriega, Katherine; Godoy Padilla, David; Coronel Berrospi, Sebastian; Ayala Roldan, Richard David; Acosta Granados, Irene Carol; Gomez Puerta, Luis A.
Gastrointestinal parasitism is a health issue in livestock, particularly in non-intensive farming systems. This research evaluated the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal helminths in goats from three ecosystems in Peru: the Andean shrubland (Ancash), dry forest (Lambayeque), and coastal valley (Lima). The study used a cross-sectional design, with random sampling of goats from extensive production systems in each ecosystem. A total of 819 fecal samples were collected and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative parasitological methods. Additionally, coproculture was performed to identify infective larvae of nematodes. The FAMACHA© index was used to assess anemia levels, while body condition scores were recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of the animals. The highest prevalence was recorded in the Andean shrubland (74.2%), followed by the dry forest (63.1%), whereas the coastal valley had the lowest prevalence (59.3%). The most frequently identified helminths were strongyle-type eggs (49.9%) and Skrjabinema sp. (33.7%), while Moniezia sp. (5.4%) and Fasciola hepatica (1.1%) were detected at lower frequencies. The identification of L3 infective larvae of Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Bunostomum sp., and Teladorsagia sp. highlighted the diversity of gastrointestinal nematodes affecting goats in Peru. Multivariable analysis revealed that anemia (FAMACHA ≥ 3; PR = 1.14), poor body condition (BCS 1–2; PR = 1.03), and age (2–6 teeths or full dentition; PR = 1.12 and 1.08, respectively) were associated with increased infection risk. Males had lower prevalence than females (PR = 0.80), and goats raised in the dry forest and coastal valley had lower risk than those from the Andean shrubland. These findings highlight the influence of physiological status and environmental conditions on parasite burden in goat herds.
Convenio de cooperación técnica entre el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria – INIA Perú y PlantWise-CABI
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2025-04-02) Florez Martinez, Juan Arturo; Boa, Eric
Contribuir en la mejora del manejo de cultivos mediante la transferencia tecnológica agraria y la implementación de una red de módulos de asistencia técnica agronómica de cultivos, aunando esfuerzos, capacidades y competencia para vincular la innovación y transferencia tecnológica agraria, con la mejora de la problemática en el manejo de los cultivos.
Plan de trabajo 2025. Convenio de cooperación interinstitucional INIA – CABI Plantwise
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2025-06-16) Lizárraga Travaglini, Alfonso Diulio; Colmenarez, Yelitza C.; Casanova Nuñez-Melgar, David Pavel
El Plan de Trabajo 2025 del Convenio INIA–CABI Plantwise-Plus describe la consolidación de la Red de Módulos de Asistencia Técnica — Clínicas de Plantas (MAT-CP) para la provisión de asistencia técnica y transferencia tecnológica a pequeños y medianos productores en diez regiones del Perú. El documento presenta antecedentes del convenio, objetivos (fortalecimiento de transferencia tecnológica, diagnóstico y recomendaciones fitosanitarias, formación de personal), ámbito de intervención (10 regiones y 10 EEA), estrategias de intervención (alianzas institucionales, difusión masiva, visitas de campo, campañas de salud de plantas, promoción de herramientas digitales de CABI), actividades programadas (gestión, implementación de MAT, asistencia técnica, manejo de base de datos), plan operativo por EEA y presupuesto distribuido por estación para 2025.
Informe del Taller "Evaluación de Actividades Doctores en Plantas Gestión 2014
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2014-11-17)
Este informe documenta el Taller "Evaluación de Actividades Doctores en Plantas Gestión 2014", realizado los días 5 y 6 de noviembre de 2014 en el auditorio de la Estación Experimental Agraria Vista Florida en Chiclayo, Perú. El evento fue organizado por CABI-Plantwise Sede Brasil (Centro Regional para América del Sur) y la Dirección General de Extensión Agraria del INIA (Coordinación Nacional Convenio INIA-Plantwise), dirigido a especialistas del INIA que brindan asistencia técnica en las Clínicas de Plantas - Módulos de Asistencia Técnica (MAT) de ocho Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias involucradas en el Convenio de Cooperación INIA-Plantwise. Las Clínicas para Plantas son un servicio público establecido desde 2012, ubicadas en lugares públicos donde productores agrarios llevan muestras de plantas enfermas para recibir diagnóstico y recomendaciones sobre problemas fitosanitarios (plagas, enfermedades, deficiencias nutricionales). Los objetivos del taller fueron: analizar y evaluar actividades desarrolladas por las Clínicas de Plantas en las ocho EEAs durante 2014, aplicar medidas correctivas a dificultades presentadas, e intercambiar experiencias sobre el impacto en productores de las ocho regiones. Participaron especialistas de las EEAs: Donoso-Huaral, Vista Florida-Chiclayo, Baños del Inca-Cajamarca, El Porvenir-Tarapoto, Canaán-Ayacucho, Santa Ana-Huancayo, Andenes-Cusco, e Illpa-Puno. Las exposiciones fueron conducidas por la Dra. Yelitza Colmenarez (Directora Regional CABI-Plantwise), con apoyo de los Dres. Martha Passador y Javier Franco. Se presentaron resultados de cada EEA, identificándose fortalezas y limitaciones: atención reducida de clínicas, limitado apoyo de especialistas, retrasos en procesamiento de datos, falta de material divulgativo, y multiplicidad de funciones de coordinadores. Las conclusiones destacan que el evento cumplió objetivos propuestos y los especialistas continuarían el Plan operativo hasta diciembre 2014. Las recomendaciones incluyen: implementar medidas correctivas identificadas, regularizar y oficializar Adenda N°01, preparar proyecto de Adenda para ampliar vigencia del Convenio hasta 2018, continuar eventos de fortalecimiento de capacidades, y realizar monitoreo/supervisión en 2015 de los Módulos de Asistencia Técnica en las distintas EEAs.
In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Artemisia absinthium against gastrointestinal nematodes of free-grazing goats from Ayacucho, Peru
(Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh (BDvetNET), 2025-09-22) Flores Prado, Vania; Godoy Padilla, David; Limaymanta Zavala, Milagros; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Zárate Rendón, Daniel
Objective: The study assessed the anthelmintic activity of Artemisia absinthium ethanolic extract for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in goats, both in vitro using infective larvae and in vivo in naturally infected goats under free-grazing conditions in the region of Ayacucho, Peru.
Materials and Methods: For the in vitro assay, a larval motility inhibition test was performed on Trichostrongylus spp. infective larvae from goats using three different dilutions: 150, 175, and 200 mg/ml of the plant extract. In vivo efficacy was evaluated through the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), which was applied to 15 naturally infected Creole goats in one community. Animals were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups and treated orally with 600 mg/kg of the plant extract. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum on days 0 (pre-treatment) and 7 and 15 post-treatment for egg count analysis.
Results: In vitro results showed the highest inhibition of larval motility (81.79%) and larvicidal efficacy (82.2%) at the highest extract concentration (200 mg/ml). However, the in vivo results indicated that A. absinthium, at the concentration used, did not exhibit any significant effect on the FECRT.
Conclusion: Although A. absinthium showed promising in vitro anthelmintic effects, the extract failed to demonstrate significant efficacy in vivo at the tested dose. Additionally, continuous monitoring of drugs in the region of study is strongly recommended based on the results obtained for albendazole.