Examinando por Materia "water productivity"

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Intermittent Rainfed Rice var. INIA 516 LM1: A Sustainable Alternative for the Huallaga River Basin
(MDPI, 2025-04-23) Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Siqueira Bahia, Rita de Cássia; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Torres Chávez, Edson Esmith; Guevara, Jonathan; Antezana, Abner; Carranza, Antoni; Lao, Ceila; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Climate change is projected to increase global temperatures and alter rainfall patterns. In Peru, these changes could adversely affect the central basin of the Huallaga River by increasing pest and disease incidence, evapotranspiration, and water consumption. This basin is one of the country’s main rice-producing regions, where the crop is traditionally cultivated using inefficient practices, such as continuous flood irrigation. This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Union 23), the water footprint as an indicator of water use efficiency, and the incidence of pests and diseases associated with irrigation regimes. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: Traditional flooding T1 (maintenance of a 0.15 m water layer with replenishment every 4 days), Optimized flooding T2 (replenishment every 7 days), and Intermittent rainfed irrigation T3 (replenishment every 14 days). Although no significant differences were observed in biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidence, a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t・ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t・ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t・ha−1). The incidence of white leaf virus and Burkholderia glumae was highest in the intermittent rainfed treatment, followed by optimized flooding, with the lowest incidence in traditional flooding. Yield reduction and the use of rainwater to cover water requirements resulted in a lower total water footprint for traditional flooding (834.0 m3・t−1), followed by optimized flooding (843.6 m3・t−1) and intermittent rainfed (923.9 m3・t−1). This reflects an improvement in rainwater use efficiency. The findings suggest intermittent rainfed irrigation enhanceswater use efficiency without significantly compromising rice yield or increasing disease incidence in rice var. INIA 516 LM1-La Union 23 in the central basin of the Huallaga River.
Transformation of Terraces with Irrigation Systems: Profitability and Water Savings in Potato Crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(MDPI, 2025-02-25) Poma Chamana, Russell; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Cordova Tadeo, Joel; Quello Huamaní, Antony Arturo; Arapa Quispe, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
In recent decades, climate change has intensified the challenges in agriculture, increasing the incidence of water and heat stress during critical stages of the crop cycle. It includes the exacerbation of the seasonality of rainfall and temperature. This significantly affects their development and yield. In addition, climate change has reduced irrigation water availability, highlighting the need to evaluate joint strategies to increase water productivity. These strategies include the implementation of irrigation systems, the use of terraces, and the application of deficit irrigation (DI). In this context, the present research aims to evaluate the irrigation water productivity (WPirri) and the economic water productivity (EWP) of the combined use of DI through a pressurized irrigation system in terraces of the southern highlands of Peru for a potato crop. The treatments included L0: traditional surface irrigation with irrigation depth equivalent to 100% ETc, L1: drip irrigation with irrigation depth equivalent to 100% ETC, L2: drip irrigation with DI at 75% ETc, and L3: drip irrigation with DI at 50% ETc. The DI treatments (L2 and L3) were implemented by forming stolons (60 DAS). As a result, L2 allows saving irrigation water of 3930 m³ ha−1 compared to L0 and 1164 m³ ha¯¹ compared to L1. It means a WPirri of 6.15 ± 0.35 kg m−3 allowing a commercial yield (CY: 27.15 ± 1.47 t ha¯¹) statistically similar to L1 (WPirri: 5.45 ± 0.34 kg m−3; CY: 30.14 ± 1.83 t ha¯¹) and higher than the traditional surface irrigation (WPirri: 2.63 ± 0.23 kg·m−3; CY: 21.62 ± 1.99 t ha¯¹). This water saving meant a net income of 3097.04 ± 435.52 USD ha¯¹ for L2, close to L1 (4421.12 ± 724.24 USD ha¯¹), and much higher than L0 (1664.50 ± 834.24 USD ha¯¹). The results suggest that using drip irrigation systems in terraced crops optimizes water savings, maintains yields and profitability, and could promote the modernization of terraces in rural environments.