Examinando por Materia "cadmium"

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Influence of cadmium and arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth and chlorophyll content in Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum Plants
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2026-01-20) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; García Vallejos, Noellia; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Lozano, Andi; Lozano Carranza, Carlos M.; Alva Arévalo, Alberto; Puicón Niño de Guzmán, Víctor Humberto; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Tuesta Hidalgo, Juan C.; Tuesta Hidalgo, Oscar A.; Valdez Andía, Manuel Jesús; Ordoñez Ruiz, Karina M.; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo
Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has important benefits, not only for plant growth but also for reducing Cd absorption in Theobroma plants. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cadmium (Cd) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on growth and chlorophyll content (CC) in Theobroma plants. This experiment had a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design with species of Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum, AMF inoculation (mycorrhizal control and AMF inoculation), and Cd addition (0, 1, and 3 mg kg⁻¹), arranged in a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The AMF inoculum consisted of applying 1500 units to each seedling. The results showed that the Cd content decreased in the stems with AMF treatment for T. cacao as well as in the soil, showing significant differences in both variables. However, a reduction of Cd could also be observed in T. grandiflorum stems without significant differences with Cd in the soil. The height, diameter, root biomass, and leaf area (LA) of the Theobroma plants increased in most of the treatments studied in comparison with treatments that received Cd, as did CC. The AMFs inoculated into Theobroma plants induced higher CC in leaves. Likewise, T. cacao presented a higher value in morphology and a lower Cd concentration in soil and shoots.
Native strains T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2 reduce Cd uptake in cacao CCN51 under controlled conditions
(MDPI, 2025-06-17) Malca Cerna, Rozana Yanina; Cortez Lazaro, Anthony Apolinario; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Arce Inga, Marielita; Cumpa Velasquez, Liz Marjory
The cacao trade and export industry has been impacted by cadmium (Cd2+) accumulation in soils, as the metal is absorbed by plants and transferred to the tissues. Consequently, cacao beans and their derivatives can become contaminated, sometimes exceeding permissible limits. In this study, the capacity of native Trichoderma strains to reduce Cd accumulation in cacao was evaluated. Twelve Trichoderma strains were analyzed to assess their cadmium removal capacity through in vitro assays and their ability to reduce Cd concentration in cacao plants under controlled in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that several Trichoderma strains could remove cadmium and accumulate it in their biomass. However, this process is complex as it depends on metal concentration and environmental conditions. Notably, T. afroharzianum UCF18-M1 and CP24-6 exhibited high removal efficiencies at 100 ppm (61.79 ± 2.98% and 57.93 ± 4.14%, respectively). In contrast, the in vivo assays revealed that, contrary to expectations, some strains—including those with the highest removal efficiency—stimulated Cd uptake in plants, even at toxic levels, such as T. orientale BLPF1-C1. However, T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2-C1 significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the stem. These findings highlight the potential of these strains to mitigate Cd contamination in cacao.