Examinando por Materia "Trichoderma viride"

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Advancing Sustainable Wheat Production in the Andes Through Biofertilization with Azospirillum, Trichoderma and Fermented Anchovy-Based Under Rainfed Conditions
(MDPI, 2026-01-13) Villegas Carrasco, Edwin Raúl; Escobal Valencia, Fernando; Tejada Campos, Toribio Nolberto; Piña Díaz, Peter Chris; Cántaro Segura, Hector Baroni; Díaz Morales, Luis Alberto; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sustains global caloric intake, but its productivity in Andean highlands is constrained by soil fertility and input reliance. This study represents one of the first field-based evaluations of biofertilizers under high-altitude, rainfed Andean conditions, addressing a major knowledge gap in low-input mountain agroecosystems. This study evaluated three seed-applied biofertilizers—Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma viride (Trichomax), and an anchovy (Engraulis ringens) based liquid biofertilizer, compared with an untreated control and a soil-test mineral fertilization benchmark in rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. INIA 405 in the central Andes of Peru. A 5 × 5 Latin square design (25 plots) was established under farmer-realistic conditions. At physiological maturity (Zadoks 9.5), plant height, spike length, grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, test weight, root dry mass, and grain yield were recorded. Mineral fertilization achieved the highest yield (1.20 ± 0.79 t ha⁻¹), nearly doubling the control (0.60 ± 0.47 t ha⁻¹). Notably, A. brasilense delivered an intermediate yield of 0.90 ± 0.64 t ha⁻¹, representing a 50% increase over the control—accompanied by a marked rise in root dry mass. T. viride and the anchovy-based input yielded 0.85 ± 0.59 and 0.81 ± 0.59 t ha⁻¹, respectively. Grain physical quality remained stable across treatments (thousand-grain weight ≈ 42 g; test weight 68–75 kg hL⁻¹). Trait responses were complementary: root dry mass increased with mineral fertilization and A. brasilense, whereas spike length increased with mineral fertilization and the anchovy-based input. Overall, the evidence supports biofertilizers, particularly A. brasilense, as effective complements that enable partial fertilizer substitution within integrated nutrient-management strategies for sustainable wheat production in Andean rainfed systems.
Eco-Efficient Intensification of Potato with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride Under NPK Fertilization
(MDPI, 2025-10-15) Tueros Munive, Miguel Luis; Vilcapoma Paliza, Melina Luz; Pillaca Chillcce, Guido Bryan; Velásquez Mantari, José; Campos Villar, Henry; Cántaro Segura, Hector Baroni; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Potato production in the Andean highlands demands strategies that reduce dependence on synthetic inputs without sacrificing yield. We evaluated two microbial bioinputs—Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride—applied once pre-plant to seed tubers, under three organo-mineral fertilization regimes (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended NPK rate) in two cultivars (INIA 303-Canchán and Yungay) in field conditions in Ayacucho, Peru, using a randomized complete block, split-plot design (three replicates). Agronomic traits (plant height, root dry weight, stems per plant, tubers per plant, and plot-level yield) were analyzed with robust two-way ANOVA and multivariate methods. Combining microbial inoculation with 50% NPK sustained growth responses comparable to 100% NPK for key traits: in Yungay with T. viride, plant height at 50% NPK (≈96.15 ± 1.71 cm) was not different from 100% NPK (≈98.87 ± 1.70 cm), and root dry weight at 50% NPK (≈28.50 ± 0.28 g) matched or exceeded 100% NPK (≈16.97–22.62 g depending on cultivar–treatment). Notably, T. viride increased root biomass even without mineral fertilizer (≈27.62 ± 0.29 g in Yungay), while B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor and stem number at full NPK (≈4.5 ± 0.29 stems). Yungay out-yielded INIA 303-Canchán overall (≈57.5 ± 2.5 kg vs. ≈42.7 ± 2.5 kg per plot). The highest yields occurred with B. subtilis + 100% NPK (≈62.88 ± 6.07 kg per plot), followed by B. subtilis + 50% NPK (≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plot). Plant height was the strongest correlate of yield (Spearman ρ ≈ 0.60), underscoring its value as a proxy for productivity. Overall, a single pre-plant inoculation with B. subtilis or T. viride can halve mineral fertilizer inputs while maintaining growth and sustaining high, cultivar-dependent yields in highland potato systems.
Sinergias entre microorganismos y fertilización mineral en la calidad de semilla de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán (UNHEVAL) - Perú, 2025-09-26) Tueros Munive, Miguel Luis; Vilcapoma Paliza, Melina Luz; Pillaca Chillce, Guido Bryan; Velásquez Mantari, José; Campos Villar, Henry; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
La productividad del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) requiere estrategias nutricionales que optimicen el rendimiento sin afectar la calidad comercial de la semilla. En este contexto, la aplicación de microorganismos específicos que mejoren la disponibilidad de nutrientes y el desempeño fisiológico del cultivo representa una estrategia sostenible. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la fertilización órgano-mineral y la inoculación con Trichoderma viride y Bacillus subtilis sobre el rendimiento y la calidad comercial del tubérculo en dos variedades de papa (INIA 303-Canchán y Yungay) bajo condiciones agroecológicas de los Andes peruanos. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con arreglo factorial 3x3x2 y tres repeticiones por tratamiento, sumando un total de 54 UE. Se evaluaron 3 niveles de fertilización (0 %, 50 % y 100 % NPK) y 3 niveles de microorganismos (sin microorganismo, Trichoderma, Bacillus) y dos cultivares de papa. Se aplicó ANOVA robusto (WRS2) y prueba de Sidak (α = 0.05). El peso de tubérculos por planta fue mayor con fertilización completa y microorganismos: m1×n3 = 2.043 ± 0.13 kg; m2×n3 = 1.928 ± 0.13 kg. La variedad Yungay superó a Canchán en todas las categorías, con mayor producción de semilla de primera: 21.8 ± 1.48 kg vs. 15.7 ± 1.48 kg, alcanzando un máximo de 27.0 ± 3.14 kg en m3×n3. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para peso de semilla PC2 y PC3; sin embargo, sí entre variedades: Yungay (PC2: 18.2 ± 1.08 kg; PC3: 13.7 ± 0.81 kg) e INIA 303-Canchán (PC2: 13.4 ± 1.08 kg; PC3: 10.7 ± 0.81 kg). Se concluye que la integración de PGPM con fertilidad química mejora rendimiento y calidad de semilla, favoreciendo sistemas agrícolas sostenibles en Ayacucho.