Examinando por Materia "Suelos agrícolas"

Mostrando 1 - 6 de 6

Geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice soils of northwestern Peru
(Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature), 2025-08-21) Tarrillo Julca, Ever; Arce Inga, Marielita; Torres Herrera, Pedro Antonio; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Taboada Mitma, Victor Hugo; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Rojas Briceño, Nilton B.; Atalaya Marin, Nilton; Gómez Fernández, Darwin; Goñas Goñas, Malluri
The presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils poses a threat to the development of sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security. The objective of this study was to evaluate the geospatial distribution of heavy metals in rice-growing soils within the Amojú River Basin, Jaen, Peru. Ninety-five soil samples were collected randomly, covering four altitudinal ranges, namely, very low (374–450 m above sea level (m a.s.l.)), low (450–571 m a.s.l.), medium (571–701 m a.s.l.) and high altitudes (701–1,034 m a.s.l.), and different agronomic management stages, including four phenological phases (seedling, tillering, filling and ripening) and two agricultural practices (resting and stubble burning). The evaluation was conducted via physicochemical analysis, the single-factor pollution index, and spatial interpolation techniques through the empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) method. The results indicated that the contents of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) exceed the limits established in the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for agricultural soils, with maximum Cd and Cr concentrations of 2 and 21 mg kg ⁻¹, respectively, mainly in very low-altitude areas (374–450 m a.s.l.). The single-factor pollution index results indicated slight Cd contamination and intense Cr contamination. Likewise, high levels of arsenic (As), Cd, and Cr were detected in soils managed via stubble burning, reaching 2, 2, and 16 mg kg ⁻¹, respectively. The highest Cr concentrations were located in the northeastern and western parts of the study area, whereas the highest Cd concentrations occurred in the northeastern and southwestern parts. These concentrations may be associated with potential contamination sources, with the use of phosphate fertilizers, water for cultivation, and soil erosion as key contributors. This study highlights the potential risk to rice productivity and crop safety, emphasizing the importance of implementing sustainable agricultural practices and monitoring strategies for heavy metals in soils associated with crops.
Manejo de la tristeza del palto [2018]
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2018-09) Valencia Legua, Armando
La tristeza es una enfermedad del cultivo del palto producida por un hongo del suelo llamado Phytophthora cinnamomi que necesita una puerta de entrada, que puede ser una herida en la raíz; la tristeza del palto destruye las raíces. La planta crece mal y las hojas se vuelven amarillas, se marchitan y se caen. En ataques severos causa la muerte de la planta.
Manual de mejoramiento y conservación del ambiente productivo
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2016-07) Sánchez Hernández, Rodolfo; Mizunuma, Tomoko; Yoshino, Michinori
El manual brinda orientación tecnológica para el mejoramiento y conservación del ambiente productivo de los pequeños productores de la región sierra, quienes poseen poca capacidad técnica y financiera, siendo la tierra su principal recurso para la gestión agrícola.
Microplastics and nanoplastics in soil–plant systems: mechanistic evidence, agronomic relevance, and limits of inference
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-03) Cortez Lázaro, Anthony Apolinario; Vàsquez Medina, Pedro James; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Fernandez Herrera, Fredesvindo; Caro Degollar, Edson Max; Ferrer Ventocilla, Mirtha Soledad; Romero Bozzetta, José Luis; Rojas Paz, Jorge Luis; Manes Cangana, Gabriel Alberto; Bazan Bautista, Ronnel Edgar; Diaz Vega, Enrique Ubaldo; Cortez Lázaro, Ronald Alexis
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are increasingly reported in agricultural soils, yet their significance for crop production, soil function, contaminant transfer, and food safety remains difficult to evaluate. The central challenge is not merely documenting particle occurrence, but determining when mechanistic observations support defensible agronomic inference. Here, we combine bibliometric mapping of Scopus-indexed literature published between 2015 and 2025 (n = 1815), a structured critical synthesis of representative empirical evidence, and a claim-specific interpretive framework for MP/NP research in soil–plant systems. Bibliometric analysis characterizes the field's structure and thematic development, whereas empirical synthesis examines how evidence supports biological, functional, transfer, and agronomic claims. Bibliometric patterns indicate rapid expansion of the literature, but limited integration of crop-cycle performance, edible-compartment measurements, multitemporal field evidence, and integrated soil–microbiome–plant endpoints. Across the representative evidence synthesized here, responses to MPs/NPs are strongly context dependent and are modulated by polymer identity, particle size, morphology, aging status, soil matrix, exposure metric, exposure duration, crop species, and co-contaminants. Physiological markers, microbial taxonomic shifts, sorption assays, tissue-associated particle signals, and short-term responses are mechanistically informative, but they do not by themselves establish field-level soil degradation, productivity loss, contaminant-vector effects, edible-tissue relevance, or food-safety implications. The proposed framework separates particle occurrence, validated exposure, mechanistic response, microbial functional response, crop performance, contaminant transfer, edible-compartment relevance, and agronomic inference according to the evidence required for each claim. Under this framework, the representative evidence primarily supports mechanistic plausibility and bounded soil–plant interpretation, whereas generalized field-level agronomic claims require stronger analytical validation, exposure realism, endpoint alignment, temporal structure, material realism, and claim-specific evidence. Rather than classifying MPs/NPs as uniformly harmful or harmless, this review defines how evidence should be configured, interpreted, and limited to support transparent, defensible inference in agricultural systems.
Muestreo de suelos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2015) Prialé Farro, César Augusto
Describe el procedimiento de extracción de muestras de suelos para análisis en forma general.
Protocolo para la toma de muestras de suelos en el cultivo de café
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2015-04) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Describe el procedimiento de toma de muestras de suelos en el cultivo de café para realizar el análisis correspondiente y conocer los niveles nutricionales como punto de partida para elaborar un programa de fertilización.