Examinando por Materia "Soil zoning"

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Critical edaphic and altitudinal factors influencing cation exchange capacity in coffee-growing soils of northeastern Peru: implications for sustainable fertility management
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-05-05) Díaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Manrique Gonzales, Luis Fernando; Sánchez Ojanasta, Martín; Cuevas Giménez, Juan Pablo; Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel; Cuellar Condori, Néstor Edwin; Martínez Zapata, Boris Guillermo; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) is a key indicator of soil fertility and sustainable soil management assessment in coffee-growing systems. Methods: This study aimed to identify the principal edaphic and altitudinal factors explaining ECEC variability in 69 soil samples collected from coffee farms in northeastern Peru. Results: ECEC results exhibited substantial variation, ranging from 0.14 to 55.49 cmol(+)·kg⁻¹ (mean = 15.21; SD = 12.47), and were significantly correlated with organic matter (r = 0.71), clay content (r = 0.62), exchangeable acidity (r = -0.63), and altitude (r = 0.33). Principal component analysis accounted for 64.3% of the edaphic variability, identifying Ca²⁺, pH, Mg²⁺, and exchangeable acidity as the most influential variables. The Random Forest model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.93; root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.1 cmol(+)·kg⁻¹), outperforming the generalized additive model (GAM) and identifying Ca²⁺ as the most important predictor (IncMSE% = 3177.37). A functional altitudinal gradient was also evident: areas above 1150 m.a.s.l. showed higher acidity and aluminium content, whereas areas below 900 m.a.s.l. exhibited greater base saturation and higher ECEC. Discussion: These findings support the development of site-specific fertilization strategies and soil–climate zoning, emphasizing the value of integrating multivariate analyses with machine-learning models as key tools for optimizing fertility management and coffee crop productivity in tropical mountain ecosystems; where soil texture represents a key factor influencing coffee sustainability, as greater nutrient retention capacity and improved nutritional balance are associated with enhanced potential for sustainable production and reduced environmental impact.
Soil spatial variability in high-yield Peruvian Amazon coffee: a geostatistical approach for precision fertilization
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-12-18) Mejía Maita, Sharon Yahaira; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Díaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Rengifo Sánchez, Raihil Rabindranath; Mercado Chinchay, Ruth Lizbeth; Cuevas Gimenez, Juan Pablo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Fertilization practices in coffee plantations often overlook the spatial variability of soils, particularly in mountainous regions with acidic conditions. Although geostatistics has been used to map nutrient distributions, its integration with multivariate analysis to identify differentiated fertilization zones in coffee systems remains limited. This study evaluated the influence of soil properties, altitude, and crop age on coffee yield by combining principal component analysis (PCA) and ordinary kriging to design site-specific fertilization strategies. A total of 70 soil samples were collected from three districts of the Peruvian high jungle (San Martín and Amazonas), measuring physical and chemical properties, altitude, and crop age. The following analyses were applied: (1) Spearman correlations to assess associations with yield, (2) PCA to identify fertility gradients, and (3) geostatistical models with cross-validation. The PCA identified two main gradients: PC1 (32.41% of variance) associated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter, and PC2 (17.88%) associated with the availability of K and P and crop age. Cross-validation confirmed high accuracy in the spatial prediction of available P and K across the three study areas. Kriging maps revealed zones with high available K (>150 mg kg⁻¹) and P (>20 mg kg⁻¹) associated with yields >1.5 t ha⁻¹. The integration of PCA and geostatistics enabled the delineation of management zones with differentiated nutrient requirements, reducing fertilization needs by up to 30% in areas with high fertility potential (e.g., Alto Saposoa). Overall, the results provide a solid methodological basis for implementing precision fertilization strategies in tropical coffee systems, promoting more efficient nutrient use and greater production sustainability.