Examinando por Materia "Soil organic carbon"

Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3

Cover crops associated with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in the Peruvian Altiplano: Erosion reduction, improved soil health and agricultural yield
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2022-09-21) Salcedo Mayta, Selima Milagros; Canihua Rojas, Jorge; Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos
El Altiplano peruano presenta pérdidas crecientes de fertilidad, siendo a su vez susceptible a una erosión natural. Durante muchos años, un manejo agrícola convencional ha generado pérdidas de la capa superficial del suelo y deterioro de sus propiedades, teniendo gran impacto en el rendimiento de los cultivos y profundizando la degradación de este ecosistema vulnerable. El propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el uso de cultivos de cobertura frente a la erosión, salud del suelo y rendimiento del cultivo de quinua. El ensayo se realizó en las localidades Huancarani y Cahualla, distrito Mañazo, provincia y región Puno. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) con cuatro tratamientos: sin cobertura y con coberturas de trébol (Medicago hispida G.), vicia (Vicia villosa) y mulch. Los resultados mostraron que la quinua asociada con coberturas de trébol, mulch y vicia redujeron la erosión del suelo en 59,61%, 51,87% y 49,50%, respectivamente. Asimismo, el uso de coberturas de trébol y vicia aumentó el carbono orgánico (+29,71% y 31,16%) y nitrógeno (+36,94% y 48,65%), y con el trébol, el fósforo disponible (+26,11%). Finalmente, la cobertura de trébol aumentó en 17% el rendimiento de la quinua en grano y redujo significativamente la erosión del suelo. Estos resultados muestran que los cultivos de cobertura presentan gran potencial para el restablecimiento de la salud del suelo y mejora en el rendimiento.
Simulation of soil organic carbon potential sequestration for high Andes Peruvian croplands
(Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2025-10-06) Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel; Vera Vílchez, Jesús Emilio; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Mestanza, Carlos
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in croplands represents a significant opportunity to mitigate climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Simulation tools are increasingly used to assess the impact of climate change and soil management on soil organic carbon stock dynamics. Although Andean soils typically store large amounts of organic carbon, agricultural practices, especially plowing, may deplete these stocks, creating a need to understand these dynamics better. Here, we show the soil organic carbon sequestration potential in croplands in the Peruvian Andean region over 50 years. Soil organic carbon content and bulk density were spatially predicted across the study area using 100 georeferenced soil samples to quantify organic carbon stocks. Spatial interpolation was performed using Ordinary Kriging with exponential and spherical variogram models, which provided the best fit to the data. The RothC model was used to simulate changes in soil organic carbon stocks under two contrasting agricultural management scenarios: one without manure application and another with annual application of one ton of manure per hectare. We found that manure application can substantially increase soil organic carbon sequestration in croplands with increases ranging from 105.22 to 214.94 Mg ha-¹ over 50 years. The potential for increased carbon sequestration through manure application could help compensate for losses in other areas of the watershed, particularly grasslands (74.4 % of the area). This study contributes valuable information for developing sustainable land management strategies in Andean agroecosystems.
Soil organic carbon balance across contrasting plant cover ecosystems in the Peruvian Amazon
(Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, 2023-10-31) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Lozano, Andi; Paredes, Christopher I.; Lozano, Carlos M.; Alva Arévalo, Alberto; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Arévalo López, Luis Alberto; Reategui, Keneth; Mendoza, Wilfredo; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Marín, César
The Peruvian Amazon has been significantly affected by land use and climate change, decreasing decomposition processes, which cause a significant depletion of soil C stocks. In this study, we estimated soil organic C (SOC) mediated by different plant covers in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations and secondary forests in several districts of the San Martín Region, Peru. We calculated the critical threshold, saturation point, and the organic C deficit of these Amazonian soils. The association between geography, soil physical-chemical characteristics, and SOC was estimated through principal component analysis. Across all sites of the study, SOC stock had an average value of 69.19 t ha-1, with 48.95 t ha-1 constituting inorganic C. The highest SOC stock (225.28 t ha-1) was observed under secondary forest in the Jepelacio district. The SOC stocks were positively correlated with altitude and CaCO3 content only in secondary forests. The current measured amount of organic C within 15 cm soil depth was 28.5 g C kg-1, which is very low and close to the critical threshold (20.6 g C kg-1) -estimated based on its clay and silt contents. Our SOC stocks measurements indicated a worrisome situation, as they are close to the critical threshold, which exposes this area to a greater and stronger degradation.