Examinando por Materia "Soil carbon"

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Assessing soil and native high Andean grassland quality under grazing: A case study from the wet Puna of Peru
(John Wiley & Sons Australia, 2026-02-13) Arias Arredondo, Alberto Gilmer; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Turín Canchaya, Cecilia Claudia
High Andean grasslands are vulnerable to changes in their nutritional quality and carbon sequestration capacity, especially in grazing systems. This study evaluated soil quality and native grasses by measuring carbon, physicochemical parameters, and the nutritional quality of predominant species in the wet Puna of Junín, Peru. Significant differences were found in carbon storage and nutritional quality across different grazing grassland sites. Soil carbon levels were consistently high across all sites, with significant concentrations at San Pedro de Cajas (14.26% ± 11.7%; p < 0.05), and its carbon stock (210.7 ± 111.3 Mg/ha) exceeded that of Junín (+68%) and Ulcumayo (+107%). Also, the flat topography at this site is presumed to have influenced its soil fertility. No adverse relationship was observed between carbon content and animal units, regardless of continuous or rotational grazing system, and a strong negative Pearson correlation (r = 0.84) between total carbon and bulk density indicated the prevalence of organic materials and no soil compaction. It emphasizes how landscape features affect soil quality and ecosystem processes. The protein content of key species exhibited a strong Pearson correlation with plant phosphorus (r = 0.93), digestible organic matter (DOM), and metabolizable energy (ME; r = 0.75). The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) showed that plant functional traits are driven by chemical and physical gradients, underscoring the combined effects of nutrient availability and site constraints on pasture productivity and forage quality. Among native grasses, Cebadilla (Calamagrostis vicunarum [Wedd.] Pilg.) emerged as the most favorable option for animal nutrition and exhibited a significantly higher crude protein content (8.23% ± 0.89%), Metabolizable energy value (8.16 MJ/kg), and C/N ratio (~40). Future research should focus on linking soil and forage quality with animal physiological responses to improve understanding of grazing impacts and guide sustainable management in high-altitude grasslands.
Co-benefits of soil carbon protection for invertebrate conservation
(EL SEVIER, 2020-11-13) Flores Rios, Angelli; Thomas, Evert; Peri, Pablo P.; Amelung, Wulf; Duarte Guardia, Sandra; Borchard, Nils; Lizárraga Travaglini, Alfonso Diulio; Vélez Azañero, Armando; Sheil, Douglas; Tscharntke, Teja; Steffan Dewenter, Ingolf; Ladd, Brenton
The global decline in invertebrate diversity requires urgent conservation interventions. However, identifying priority conservation areas for invertebrates remains a significant challenge. We hypothesized that aligning the conservation of invertebrate biodiversity with climate change mitigation ofer offers a solution. As both soil carbon storage and invertebrate biodiversity are positively influenced by plant diversity and productivity, a positive correlation can also be expected between SOC and invertebrate biodiversity. Drawing on >10,000 invertebrate observations organized into functional groups, and site-specific soil organic Carbon (SOC) measurements from Patagonia, the Peruvian Andes, and montane tropical rainforest, we examined the role of climate, soil, topographical position and land use for prediction of invertebrate biodiversity. We found that taxonomic and functional invertebrate diversity and abundance closely correlate with SOC stocks within ecosystems. Topographical position of sites, which was partly associated with SOC, was also important, whereas land use was of subordinate importance. We conclude that recent advances in predicting and mapping SOC can guide the identification of habitats within landscapes with high biodiversity and conservation value for invertebrates. Our findings stress the importance of linking global climate change mitigation initiatives that aim to preserve and restore SOC to efforts aimed at improving the conservation of invertebrates and the ecosystem services they provide, for the realization of mutual climate and biodiversity benefits.
Conversion of lowland tropical forests to tree cash crop plantations loses up to one-half of stored soil organic carbon
(Stanford University, 2015-08-11) Van Straaten, Oliver; Corre, Marife D.; Wolf, Katrin; Tchienkoua, Martin; Cuellar Bautista, José Eloy; Matthews, Robin; Veldkamp, Edzo
Tropical deforestation for the establishment of tree cash crop plantations causes significant alterations to soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Despite this recognition, the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 method has a SOC change factor of 1 (no SOC loss) for conversion of forests to perennial tree crops, because of scarcity of SOC data. In this pantropic study, conducted in active deforestation regions of Indonesia, Cameroon, and Peru, we quantified the impact of forest conversion to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), and cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry plantations on SOC stocks within 3-m depth in deeply weathered mineral soils. We also investigated the underlying biophysical controls regulating SOC stock changes. Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we compared SOC stocks from paired forests (n = 32) and adjacent plantations (n = 54). Our study showed that deforestation for tree plantations decreased SOC stocks by up to 50%. The key variable that predicted SOC changes across plantations was the amount of SOC present in the forest before conversion—the higher the initial SOC, the higher the loss. Decreases in SOC stocks were most pronounced in the topsoil, although older plantations showed considerable SOC losses below 1-m depth. Our results suggest that (i) the IPCC tier 1 method should be revised from its current SOC change factor of 1 to 0.6 ± 0.1 for oil palm and cacao agroforestry plantations and 0.8 ± 0.3 for rubber plantations in the humid tropics; and (ii) land use management policies should protect natural forests on carbon-rich mineral soils to minimize SOC losses.