Examinando por Materia "Seedling quality"

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Emergence, growth, and quality of Calycophyllum spruceanum plants produced in different containers and substrates
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024-12-29) Guerra Arévalo, Wilson Francisco; Cercado Delgado, José Roy; Espinoza García, Héctor Francisco; Ucañay Ayllon, Tatiana Mildred; García Soria, Diego Gonzalo; Abanto Rodríguez, Carlos; del Castillo Torres, Dennis; Freitas Alvarado, Luis Ernesto; Díaz Soria, Rossana; Guerra Arévalo, Héctor
The growing demand for Calycophyllum spruceanum is causing strong pressure on natural populations due to anthropogenic activities. For this reason, it is urgent to develop propagation technologies and production of plants for reforestation activities and establishment of forest plantations for their use and conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different substrates and containers on the emergence and growth of C. spruceanum. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted. In the first, four substrates were tested to evaluate seedling emergence, while in the second, the growth and quality of plants in different containers and substrates were determined. The maximum emergence values of 62.3%, emergency speed index (ESI) of 2.2, and mean emergence time of 29.9 were determined using a combination of carbonized rice husk (CRH), chicken manure, and decomposed sawdust in a 1:1:1 ratio. The combination of the plastic bag container with CRH and poultry manure in a 1:1 ratio. Substrate gave the best results for total dry biomass (27.40), lignification index (0.19), robustness index (5.56), and Dickson’s quality index (3.26). Therefore, the use of CRH, poultry manure, and decomposed sawdust in a 1:1:1 ratio is recommended for seedling emergence. Similarly, the use of a plastic bag-type container and the substrate CRH and chicken manure in a 1:1 ratio is recommended for the production of C. spruceanum plants.
Identification of the optimal substrate for sexual propagation of Cinchona officinalis l.: Implications for conservation and sustainable use
(Springer, 2025-03-19) Marcelo Bazán, Fátima Elizabeth; Mantilla Chávez, Walter; Paredes Pajares, Katia Patricia; Chávez Cercado, Deisy Medaly; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Álvarez Álvarez, Pedro
Cinchona officinalis L., a tree species of medicinal, ecological and economic importance, inhabits one of the richest and most fragile ecosystems in the world (montane forests) where it contributes to water and climate regulation, erosion control and carbon sequestration. However, the species is subject to strong anthropogenic pressure and is currently endangered. Unfortunately, little is known about propagation and repopulation techniques or the substrate preferences of the species. We designed a randomised trial with four replications in which 12 trial substrates (peat mixed with sand, moss or pine sawdust and supplemented with chicken manure, guano, compost or agricultural soil) were evaluated to identify the optimal substrate for the sexual propagation of Cinchona officinalis seedlings. The physical and chemical properties of the substrates were analysed, and the impact of these on the emergence, biometry and quality of seedlings were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Scott-Knott and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05), principal component analysis, heatmap analysis and correlation analysis. The substrate composed of peat, moss and agricultural soil (ratio, 2:2:0.5) was found to be optimal, consistently producing the highest emergence rates and superior biometrics and quality indices. These findings represent a remarkable advance in the propagation of C. officinalis and provide valuable insights enabling the vulnerability of this species to be addressed in ecosystems subject to anthropogenic pressures, thus ensuring the conservation and sustainable use of the species.
Inoculation with Trichoderma in Coffea arabica seedlings: Effects on morphological indices and seedling quality under nursery conditions
(MDPI, 2026-08-04) Camacho Villalobos, Alina Alexandra; Amaringo Córdova, Luiz Paulo; Ucañay Ayllon, Tatiana Mildred; Salgado Veramendi, Noelito; Flores Jaramillo, Jhoffre David; Aldava Pardave, Uriel
Microbial inoculants such as Trichoderma have been proposed as sustainable tools to improve seedling quality in coffee nurseries; however, their effectiveness may vary according to formulation and genotype. This study evaluated three treatments: a solid Trichoderma formulation (1 kg m−3 of substrate) based on a multispecies consortium (T. harzianum, T. asperellum, and T. viride; 5 × 109 conidia g−1), a liquid formulation of T. harzianum (1 × 108 CFU mL−1; 1 L m−3 of substrate), and a non-inoculated control, using three Coffea arabica varieties (Catimor, Marsellesa, and Gran Colombia) under controlled nursery conditions. A linear mixed model was applied, considering variety and inoculant type as fixed effects and replicates as random effects. The results show that the biostimulant response is strongly modulated by the variety × inoculant interaction. The solid formulation was superior in promoting the expansion of the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing leaf area by 24.6%. In turn, the liquid formulation optimized structural vigor, increasing stem diameter by 17.3% and reducing slenderness by 13.1%. Inoculation reduced the lignification index by 10.4%, favoring dynamic vegetative growth. These improvements were integrated into the Dickson Quality Index, which reached values of 0.41–0.70, greatly exceeding the critical threshold of 0.20 for medium- to high-quality seedlings. It is concluded that Trichoderma acts as a physiological compensator that harmonizes plant architecture, although its efficacy depends on specific compatibility with the genotype, which is essential for ensuring the successful establishment of coffee plants under field conditions.
Nursery management modulates biomass allocation and early field establishment of Pinus douglasiana Martínez
(MDPI, 2026-08-20) Bernaola Paucar, Rosario Marilu; Ruiz Blandon, Bayron Alexander; Alama Flores, Marcos; Amaringo Córdova, Luiz Paulo; Rodríguez Cangalaya, Nora; Colachagua Calderon, Deysi Alina; Nieto Ramos, Carlos Emérico; Nieto Ramos, Luis Armando; Cuadrado Campó, Walter Javier
Nursery decisions influence the condition of seedlings before outplanting, but their practical value depends on whether those traits remain evident during early field establishment. We evaluated Pinus douglasiana Martínez seedlings grown under eight combinations of container volume, fertilization, and irrigation regime. Seedlings were conditioned for six months in the nursery and then assessed after 12 months under field conditions. Container volume was the clearest source of variation. Compared with 1 L containers, 5 L containers produced seedlings with larger root collar diameter, greater shoot, root, and total biomass, and higher Dickson quality index. Total biomass was 2.2-fold greater in 5 L stock. Final survival was retained as a descriptive field variable and averaged 76.7% in 5 L treatments and 27.5% in 1 L treatments. Correlations based on treatment means associated total biomass with field diameter and descriptive survival, although these patterns were exploratory because only eight treatment means were available. Proline increased mainly under non-continuous irrigation, indicating a water-related nursery response, but it was not aligned with biomass production or first-year field performance. The treatment-level PCA separated biomass and field-growth variables from proline and lignification. These results show that larger containers improved the structural condition of P. douglasiana planting stock, although nursery costs, planting-site constraints, and longer monitoring should be considered before operational adoption.