Examinando por Materia "Root architecture"

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Microbial Synergy Between Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus iranicum Promotes Root Biomass and Grain Yield in Andean Quinoa Cultivars
(MDPI, 2026-01-13) Gutierrez, Miriam; Quispe Medina, Eugenia Rocio; García Blásquez Morote, Cayo; Quispe Tenorio, José Antonio; Cántaro Segura, Héctor Baroni; Díaz Morales, Luis Alberto; Marsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a strategic crop for climate-smart agriculture in the Andes, yet yield gains are constrained by soil degradation and low-input systems. We tested whether synergistic bioinoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (Azospirillum brasilense) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum) enhances root function and grain productivity under field conditions. A split-plot RCBD was conducted in Ayacucho, Peru (2735 m a.s.l.) using four cultivars, Blanca de Junín (BJ), INIA 441 Señor del Huerto (SH), INIA 415 Pasankalla (RP) and INIA 420 Negra Collana (NC) and four treatments: uninoculated control, Azospirillum, Glomus and co-inoculation. Vegetative, root and yield traits were quantified; ANOVA, Tukey/Dunnett contrasts, correlations and PCA were applied. Co-inoculation consistently outperformed single inoculants, increasing root diameter, length, branching, dry weight and volume dry weight, while also enlarging panicle dimensions and raising grain weight per panicle and thousand-seed weight. Grain yield reached 4.94 ± 0.59 t ha⁻¹ under co-inoculation, almost triple that of the control (1.71 ± 0.28 t ha⁻¹) and about 1.5 times higher than single inoculations. Genotypic effects were pronounced; BJ and SH combined superior root biomass with higher yield, RP maximized grain size and hectoliter weight, whereas NC responded weakly. Significant genotype × treatment interactions indicated cultivar-dependent microbiome benefits. Correlation and PCA linked root biomass and stem/panicle architecture to yield formation, positioning co-inoculation along trait vectors associated with belowground vigor and productivity. These results demonstrate a robust microbial synergy that translates root gains into yield, supporting co-inoculation as a scalable, low-input strategy for sustainable intensification of quinoa in highland agroecosystems.
Morphological response of native maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to contrasting nitrogen environments
(Universidad de Zulia, 2024-09-17) Reyes Matamoros, Jenaro; Mora Ramírez, Marco Antonio; Morales Manzo, Ivan Ilich; Valderrama Romero, Antonio Salomón
Nitrogen plays a vital role in plant metabolism, influencing growth and development, particularly in crops like maize (Zea mays L.). This study aimed to evaluate the morphological response of maize seedlings to different nitrogen levels. The design was a completely randomized factorial arrangement of 4 x 2, involving four maize cultivars and two nitrogen levels. The variety Sb 302 Berentsen and three native varieties originating from Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico were studied. For a period of 14, 21, 28 and 35 days, seedlings were grown in nutrient solution with 10% and 100% nitrogen levels under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed significant variability in seedling morphology, particularly in root architecture and dry weight, between the 10% and 100% nitrogen treatments. High coefficients of variation were observed in the lengths of crown and seminal roots, alongside significant correlations between root and seedling dry weights at both nitrogen levels. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between root length and number under the 10% nitrogen treatment. The results highlight the critical role of nitrogen in maize seedling development and the interaction between nitrogen concentration and maize variety, particularly in primary root length. The study improves understanding of nitrogen's role in optimizing maize growth and suggests strategies to enhance nitrogen use efficiency across different maize varieties.