Examinando por Materia "Proteínas"

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Bioprocessing of organic wastes from poultry and bovine slaughterhouses as food substrate for Hermetia illucens larval development
(Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2023-01-31) Luperdi, A. P.; Flores Calla, S. S.; Barriga, X. J.; Rivera, V.; Salazar, I.; Manrique, P. L.; Reátegui, J. E.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the meat industry, inefficient management of organic waste exists, therefore the study aims to evaluate different bovine and poultry organic residues as food substrates during larval development of the black soldier fly, such as a sustainable alternative to obtain high protein meal. METHODS: The research evaluates the use of organic waste from cattle and poultry slaughterhouses, as food substrate for black soldier fly larvae, including raw beef blood T1, raw beef viscera T2, cooked beef blood T3, cooked beef viscera T4, raw chicken viscera T6 and cooked chicken viscera T7; further, as a control measure balanced feed (7 treatments and 5 replicates). Larvae were fed for 5 days and processed to make meal by drying and grinding; evaluating mortality, weight, size, proximal chemical composition, and apparent digestibility to determine the most viable substrate, analyzing effects and significance by multifactorial ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. FINDING: The results show Mortality (F = 917,81, p < 0,0001): T1 y T3 with 76,40 ± 2,86 (%) (F = 917,81, p < 0,0001), following T6 with 69,67 ± 4,55%, T7 with 24,00 ± 3,48%, T2 with 4,60 ± 1,92 %, T5 y T4, both with 4,20 ± 2,00 %. Weight (F = 825,62, p < 0,0001): T2 with 1,78 ± 0,22 gram outperformed the control T5 (1,76 ± 0,50 gram), T4 with 1,45 ± 0,06 g and T7 with 1,66 ± 0,07 gram. Size (F = 248,95, p < 0,0001): T5 with 16,03 ± 0,34 mm, T2 with 15,86 ± 0,22 mm, T4 with 14,72 ± 0,35 mm and finally, 14,51 ± 0,14 millimeter in T7. Proximal chemical analysis of crude protein and fat: T2 resulted in the following results 50,81 % and 21,88 %, T4 with 53,90% y 15,04%, T7 with 42,63 % and 32,03%, and T5 con 41,1 % and 19.55%, respectively. Digestibility: T5 with 20,39%, T2 with 12,66%, T4 with 10,61% and T7 with 5,97%. T2 raw beef viscera were determined to be the most viable substrate, followed by T4 cooked beef viscera and T7 cooked chicken viscera. CONCLUSIONS: Testing the effectiveness of cattle viscera as substrate, the experimental data presented may help design a process for an effective treatment method for slaughterhouse waste, which might benefit developing nations in managing their waste effectively, generating high protein meal, with the potential for a circular bioeconomy.
Evaluación de dos niveles de energía y proteína en dietas de crecimiento y engorde en cuyes machos
(INIA. Centro Experimental La Molina. Proyecto Cuyes, 2006) Torres Romero, Aldo Eduardo; Chauca Francia, Lilia Janine; Vergara Rubín, Víctor
El experimento se llevó a cabo en el Proyecto Cuyes del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria INIA con el objeto de evaluar dos niveles de energía y proteína en el alimento balanceado para cuyes en crecimiento y engorde. La etapa experimental fue de 49 días realizada en los meses de verano, se emplearon 48 cuyes machos hijos de Raza Perú con 14 ± 3 días de edad, que ingresaron al experimento agrupados por peso inicial siendo el promedio 304 g/cuy. La distribución de los animales fue en cuatro tratamientos, 15 % PTtotal – 2.8 Mcal/kg ED (T-1) , 18 % PT - 2.8 Mcal /kg ED (T-2), 15% PT – 3.0 Mcal/Kg ED (T-3) y 18 % PT – 3.0 Mcal /kg ED (T-4), donde cada unidad experimental estaba compuesta por 2 cuyes por poza, realizándose 6 repeticiones or tratamiento. El modelo estadístico empleado fue un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial de 2 x 2 (2 niveles de energía y 2 niveles de proteína. El alimento balanceado en forma de pelets fue ofrecido diariamente ad limitum. El forraje, maíz chala, fue suministrado en forma restringida, se considero 10 % de su peso vivo, el agua se ofreció ad limitum. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas para las ganancias de peso entre tratamiento, obteniéndose 695 a (T-2), 646 ab (T-4), 627 ab (T-3) y 592 b (T-1) g/cuy. Así mismo se encontró diferencia significativa para el consumo de materia seca total (alimento balanceado + forraje), registrándose 2362 a (T-2), 2182 b (T-1), 2120 b (T-4) y 2107 b (T-3). La conversión alimenticia obtenida por tratamiento fue 3.3 a en T-4, seguida por T-3 con 3.4 ab, T-2 con 3.5 ab y T-1 3.68 b. Los rendimientos de carcasa logrados fueron 71.8, 71.4, 70.7 y 70.6 para T-2, T-4, T-3 y T-1, respectivamente.
Physiological characterization and bioactive compounds of promising accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2024-05-07) Murga Orrillo, Hipolito; Chuquímez Gonzales, Jhon Kevin; Arévalo López, Luis Alberto
Cowpea production in the Peruvian Amazon is increasing due to its ability to adapt to diverse environments, its contribution to soil conservation, and its versatility of uses. This crop is particularly valuable in human nutrition due to its high nutritional quality and nutraceutical properties of its bioactive compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiology of cowpea plants in accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, under the influence of rice husk mulch, screw tree litter, and oil palm fiber, as well as to determine the bioactive compounds present in the grains. This study aims to promote sustainable cowpea production, expose the nutritional aspects of the grains, and foster their consumption both locally and nationally. The experiment was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023, in Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. The application of organic mulches demonstrates a significantly positive impact on the growth of cowpea accessions during their vegetative phase. This effect is possibly attributed to increased water availability, as the mulch reduces soil evaporation. In particular, cowpea accessions PER12645 and PER1005851 exhibit desirable physiological characteristics for grain production, with short cycles of 71 days and higher yields of 1141 and 1125 kg/ha respectively. In contrast, accession PER1005854 is distinguished by its higher biomass production, reaching a value of 14497 kg/ha, a relevant trait for foliage production and its contribution to soil conservation. The bioactive compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, present in the accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, are similar to those found in other legumes. However, the antioxidant activity of dark tegument cowpeas proved to be superior, particularly highlighted in accession PER12645 (black tegument) with 26.3 μmolTG/g, and in accession PER1005854 (dark red tegument) with 19.5 μmolTG/g. This characteristic is particularly important for consumption, as it is related to the ability to combat oxidative stress in the human body.