Examinando por Materia "Phytochemicals"

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Bioactive Compounds of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh)
(Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, 2019-10-24) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Paredes, Jae D.; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis; Braga, Janeth; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Rodríguez, Hicler N.; Castro, Carlos G.
Camu-camu is a shrub, native to the Amazon that thrives in areas where flooding is frequent. Genetically, the plant is characterized by a diploid genome and moderate genetic diversity. Several parts of the plant are used in traditional folk medicine to treat a variety of acute and chronic diseases. For over 50 years, the exceptionally high vitamin C content of camu-camu has attracted worldwide attention that continues today because of the recent discovery of several health-promoting phytochemicals with corroborated biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic). All of these beneficial attributes are well supported by in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human clinical trials. The metabolic precursors of these phytochemicals are synthesized in key metabolic pathways (i.e., the shikimate pathway, the mevalonate pathway). Of these metabolic pathways, we show details for the biosynthesis of betulinic acid, trans-resveratrol, and syringic acid. In conclusion, camu-camu is an exceptional plant for its ability to produce and accumulate significant amounts of a variety of health-promoting phytochemicals. Although several metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals have been reconstructed based on fruit and seedling transcriptomes, detailed knowledge of the vast majority of metabolic pathways and their molecular regulatory mechanisms is lacking. Consequently, we must increase our knowledge of the metabolic processes using multi-omic approaches so that we can acquire the skills necessary to develop genetically improved varieties of camu-camu and implement biotechnological applications for the production of these bioactive phytochemicals.
Quebranta grape pomace from the Ica Valley improves milk lipid profile in Saanen goats
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 2026-04-30) Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Soca Jorge, Jhony; Requena Castro, Nicole; Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Vasquez, Ángel; Canchino Gutiérrez, Juan; Teran Rojas, José Alfonso; Casanova Luzardo, Gabriel; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Background: Quebranta grape pomace (Vitis vinifera, Quebranta variety), a by-product of winemaking and pisco production, contains a distinct metabolite profile of phenolic compounds shaped by the arid agroecological conditions of the Ica valley. Its incorporation into ruminant diets may enhance milk quality while contributing to the valorization of agro-industrial waste; however, its effects on dairy goat milk composition have not been evaluated in Peru. Aim: To assess the effects of partial substitution of dietary forage with Quebranta grape pomace powder on the physicochemical properties, lipid profile, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of Saanen goat milk. Methods: Twenty primiparous Saanen goats were assigned to two dietary treatments (n = 10 each) for 7 weeks: a control diet (T0) and a diet with 8% grape pomace powder (dry matter basis) replacing maize stover (T1). Milk was sampled weekly for physicochemical analysis. Pooled samples from three time points were used for lipid profile, polyphenol, anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity analyses; these results were therefore considered descriptive given pseudoreplication. Treatment effects were evaluated using linear models including day in milk as a covariate. Results: Grape pomace inclusion increased milk fat content by 16.96% without affecting milk yield, protein, lactose, or total solids. Lipid profiling indicated a potential enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linoleic acid, based on the magnitude of changes observed. Milk phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (>6,000 µmol Trolox/100 g) were not detectably altered, although further validation with increased replication is warranted. Conclusion: Quebranta grape pomace improved milk lipid content in Saanen goats, with evidence suggestive of PUFA enrichment, while preserving milk yield, physicochemical characteristics, and antioxidant capacity. These findings support grape pomace as a functional and sustainable feed ingredient for dairy goat production.