Examinando por Materia "Persea americana"

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Ajuste osmótico y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta (Persea americana), Hass y Fuerte, con sistema de riego por goteo, en zona andina del Perú
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencia Agropecuarias, 2024-04-23) Quispe Rodriguez, Juan; Paytan Montañez, Tulio C.; Aliaga Barrera, Isaac Nolberto; Saravia Navarro, David
El cultivo de palta (Persea americana) no solo es esencial desde el punto de vista económico, sino que también desempeña un papel crucial en la alimentación, la salud y el bienestar de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. El estudio se realizó en Ayacucho-Perú (latitud: 12° 53’ 57’’ S, longitud: 74° 16’ 55’’ O y altitud: 2596 msnm), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de riego tecnificado por goteo en la producción y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta, Hass y Fuerte. El estudio estuvo basado en el uso de un sistema de riego con programación por tratamiento con plantas de palta instaladas en parcelas de 500 m² en 6 sectores, con una densidad de 5 x 5 m, cuya edad estuvo entre 5 a 16 años, de las cuales se consideró 12 plantas (6 plantas con riego por goteo y 6 plantas como testigo con riego por gravedad). Los riegos se efectuaron justo en la etapa de floración y producción garantizando el suministro de agua adecuado en periodos de déficit hídrico, entre febrero a junio de 2022. La cosecha realizada reporto rendimientos 67,96 ± 8,8 t/ha bajo riego tecnificado y de 26,42 ± 4,93 t/ha en riego por gravedad, siendo un incremento del 157% con respecto a este último. En cuanto a las variedades, la palta Fuerte tuvo el mayor rendimiento 49,38 ± 23,06 t/ha con respecto a la variedad Hass (45,0 ± 21,14 t/ha), el rendimiento máximo se dio con riego por goteo para a variedad Fuerte (71,09 ± 8,38 t/ha), esto es explicado por el gasto de energía en el potencial de ajuste osmótico la cual disminuye drásticamente el potencial de rendimiento con riego tradicional por gravedad, obteniendo un rendimiento mínimo en Hass de 25,18 ± 4,44 t/ha.
Cultivo del palto (Persea americana)
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2012-02) Pozo Gerardini, Einstein
Esta publicación proporciona los conocimientos agronómicos fundamentales para el manejo tecnificado del cultivo de palto: requerimientos agroclimáticos, patrones, injertos, plantación, labores culturales, control sanitario y cosecha.
Effect of co-inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth of Persea americana seedlings infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
(MDPI, 2024-04-02) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Toro García, Marcia; Zúñiga Dávila, Doris Elizabeth
Avocado is one of the most in-demand fruits worldwide and the trend towards its sustainable production, regulated by international standards, is increasing. One of the most economically important diseases is root rot, caused by Phythopthora cinnamomi. Regarding this problem, antagonistic microorganism use is an interesting alternative due to their phytopathogen control efficiency. Therefore, the interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, native to the Peruvian coast (GWI) and jungle (GFI), and avocado rhizospheric bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, was evaluated in terms of their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi in the “Zutano” variety of avocado plants. The results showed that the GWI and Bacillus subtilis combination increased the root exploration surface by 466.36%. P. putida increased aerial biomass by 360.44% and B. subtilis increased root biomass by 433.85%. Likewise, P. putida rhizobacteria showed the highest nitrogen (24.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and sulfur (2.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations at a foliar level. The combination of GWI and Bacillus subtilis was the treatment that presented the highest calcium (16.00 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and magnesium (8.80 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations. The microorganisms’ multifunctionality reduced disease severity by 85 to 90% due to the interaction between mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting microorganisms that are antagonistic to P. cinnamomi represents a potential strategy for sustainable management of avocado cultivation.
Methodology for avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchard evaluation using different measurement technologies
(Universidad de Concepción, 2022-12-27) Chumbimune Vivanco, Sheyla Yanett; Cárdenas Rengifo, Gloria Patricia; Saravia Navarro, David; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Avocado crop (Persea americana Mill.) is of great commercial importance due to its high profitability. However, it is being affected by various diseases and pests that affect yield and reduce fruit quality. The aim of this research was to develop methodologies for the evaluation of avocado plantations using different non-destructive technologies for rapid phenotyping and early detection of the incidence of diseases or damage due to stress in the stem. A plot of 0.7 ha. was evaluated, with a total of 44 individuals using Field-Map technology (dasometric and morphological characterization), RGB-multispectral images from Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) (rapid phenotyping), while 15 individuals were evaluated using tomography (assessment of the internal state of the stem). The results with tomography indicated that there is a tree with wood rot of 14% with a lower acoustic speed with respect to the other trees evaluated. A high correlation was observed between the dasometric variables (r-Pearson from 0.63 to 0.98) estimated with Field-Map [crown base height, crown projection (m2) and total height] and with RPAS (height, perimeter and area). The vegetation indices do not have a direct correlation with the dasometric variables; five of the indices have a high contribution to variability except for the Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE). It can be concluded that the technologies used in this study would help to perform evaluations with a greater number of reliable and precise data with respect to the information obtained in a traditional way, while they can be replicated in commercial plots or research studies of different perennial crops, generating useful information for management decisions and crop evaluation.