Examinando por Materia "Food safety"

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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in high Andean crops of the Peruvian Andes: comparative evaluation between irrigated and dry systems
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-12-13) Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Révolo Acevedo, Ronald; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Heavy metal contamination in Andean agricultural systems is a growing concern for food safety and environmental health. This study assessed the concentrations and bioaccumulation patterns of eleven metals (Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Hg, Mo) in seven representative crops cultivated under irrigated and rainfed conditions in the Mantaro Valley, central Peruvian Andes. Soil and foliar samples were collected from paired plots, and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated to evaluate metal transfer to plant tissues. Irrigated soils showed higher and more homogeneous concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As, reflecting long-term accumulation from historical mining activities and irrigation with contaminated water from the Mantaro River. Foliar concentrations exceeded Codex Alimentarius limits for Cd, Pb, and As in several crops, especially potato and broad bean. BAF analyses revealed distinct crop-specific behaviors: potato, quinoa, and broad bean frequently exhibited BAF >1 for metals such as Cd, Cu, Zn, and Mn, indicating active uptake and translocation. In contrast, cereals such as maize and barley maintained low BAF values (<1), suggesting conservative absorption patterns. Irrigation increased the bioavailability of several metals, resulting in higher foliar concentrations and elevated BAF values compared to rainfed systems. Multivariate analyses further differentiated metal accumulation profiles by crop type and water management system. These findings highlight the need for strengthened monitoring of high-accumulation crops and improved soil and water quality management in historically contaminated Andean agricultural regions.
Biosecurity for small growers of local and organic export banana in Peru – seeking synergies with food safety and ecological intensification
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2023-05-17) Staver, C.; Delgado, R.; Rojas Llanque, Juan Carlos; Rivas, J. C.
For decades, banana Fusarium wilt Race 1 (FWR1) has spread throughout banana growing areas of Peru. In response, small growers have changed cultivars and crops. The threat of FW to bananas countrywide has worsened with the detection of Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (FWTR4) in organic export banana on the northern coast. Farm-level biosecurity measures to reduce the risks of FWTR4/R1 are directed toward physical barriers and control points to minimize vehicles and persons entering and leaving the farm and ensure their sanitation. We completed a diagnostic study of biosecurity practices in two smallholder banana-growing regions – organic export Cavendish on the north coast and cultivars for national markets often susceptible to FWR1 in the central Selva. Simultaneously we examined the potential to increase productivity through ecological intensification and to gain market acceptability through food safety measures. We hypothesized that among resource-scarce growers, biosecurity measures which contribute to productivity and food safety requirements will be more readily put into practice. Seven farms in central Selva and five marketing associations were profiled through site visits, drone views and structured interviews. Interviews were also conducted with research and regulatory agencies. The assessment showed that growers in both zones had received little training on banana disease symptoms and epidemiology and were not implementing biosecurity measures. In the central Selva, planting material appeared to be the major path for FWR1 spread and 6 of 7 farms visited already had infected fields. On the north coast, fields are contiguous joined by flood irrigation and served by over 75 mobile packing sheds and harvesting crews which move from farm to farm and sector to sector without biosecurity measures, both contributing to major risk of spread. Inspectors for certification in both regions and input sales representatives on the north coast arriving from abroad are not subject to biosecurity measures. Practical training on disease symptoms, characteristics and management of healthy planting material and epidemiology-based risk assessment and the promotion of multi-purpose living hedges as barriers could contribute to biosecurity, productivity and food safety, while control of international and local visitors addresses biosecurity and food safety.