Examinando por Materia "Farming systems"

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Acaulospora flava, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from Coffea arabica and Plukenetia volubilis plantations at the sources of the Amazon river in Peru
(Julius Kühn-Institut, 2021-08-06) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; De la Sota Ricaldi, Ana María; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Santos, Viviane Monique; Da Silva, Glandstone Alves; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Acaulospora flava, was found in coffee (Coffea arabica) and inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) plantations in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. The fungus was propagated in bait cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha and Medicago sativa as host plants. It differentiates typical acaulosporoid spores laterally on sporiferous saccule necks. The spores are light yellow, bright yellow to yellow brown, (95-)105-160 × (95-)100-150 μm in diameter and have smooth spore surfaces. Phylogenetically, A. flava clusters in a well-separated clade, nearest to A. kentinensis, followed by A. herrerae, A. spinosissima, A. excavata and A. aspera, of which remarkably A. spinosissima, A. excavata and A. aspera had also been found in inka nut plantations of San Martín State during the last years. Here, we report also A. herrerae and A. fragilissima as fungal symbionts within the rhizosphere of coffee and the inka nut. The later two fungi had so far been recorded by concomitant morphological and molecular analyses only from tropical islands, A. herrerae from Cuba in the Golf of Mexico and A. fragilissima from New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean close to Australia. In this study, the ITS region of A. herrerae was analyzed for the first time and deposited in the public databases. In total, we already recovered fourteen Acaulospora species from coffee and inka nut plantations in San Martín State of Peru, suggesting that Acaulospora species are frequent and beneficial symbionts in coffee and inka nut roots in San Martín State of Peru.
Funneliglomus, gen. nov., and Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from the Amazonia region in Peru
(Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne, 2019-03-11) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was found in agricultural field sites in the Amazonia lowlands of the Department San Martin, Perú. It was found up to 858 m above sea level in two plantations of the inka nut (also called ‚sacha inchi', Plukenetia volubilis), which was grown in mixed cultures together with Musa sp., Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and Carica papaya. The fungus was propagated in bait cultures in a greenhouse on Sorghum sp., Brachiaria sp., Medicago sativa and Plukenetia volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates orange brown to dark orange brown, triple-layered spores, 93-151× 90-148 µm in diameter, terminally on funnel-shaped to rarely cylindrical or slightly inflating hyphae, and a strong, straight to slightly recurved septum that closes the spore pore at the spore base. Phylogenetically, the new fungus represents clearly a new genus in a separated clade, near to Funneliformis and Septoglomus. It can easily be distinguished from all other species of these genera by the characteristic ornamentation of the spore surface, which consists of multiple large, irregular pits. The fungus is here described under the epithet Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, serving as type species of the new genus Funneliglomus.
Nanoglomus plukenetiae, a new fungus from Peru, and a key to small-spored Glomeraceae species, including three new genera in the “Dominikia complex/clades”
(Springer Nature, 2019-11-22) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was found in an agricultural plantation of Plukenetia volubilis, the inka nut (also called “sacha inchi” or “inka peanut”) in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. In this site, the inka nut was grown in mixed cultures together with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris. The fungus was propagated in bait and single-species cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha, Medicago sativa, and Plukenetia volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates hyaline spores terminally or intercalary on cylindrical to slightly funnel-shaped hyphae, singly or in spore clusters with up to ca. 90 spores per cluster. The spores are bi-layered, (20–)25–36(–45) μm in diameter and show regularly a visible septum at the spore base, despite the small spore and tiny hyphae sizes. Phylogenetically, the new fungus represents a new genus in a separated clade, near to the already known Dominikia clades. It can be distinguished from other species by the small spore size, the characteristics of the spore wall layers, and the clearly visible septum at the spore base, which in Kamienskia and Microkamienskia species has rarely to never been reported, while Dominikia species usually have a higher variability of spore sizes and spore wall characteristics. The fungus is here described under the epithet Nanoglomus plukenetiae, serving as type species of the new genus Nanoglomus. The revision of the species and environmental sequences in the Dominikia clades, based on both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, revealed at least two other new genera: Microdominikia gen. nov., based on D. litorea, and Orientoglomus gen. nov., based on D. emiratia. Finally, in the present study, a key for all small-spored species in the Glomeraceae is included comprising all known Dominikia, Kamienskia, Microdominikia, Microkamienskia, Nanoglomus, Orientoglomus spp., and all small-spored Rhizoglomus spp.
Paraglomus occidentale, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from the sources of the Amazon river in Peru, with a key to the Paraglomeromycetes species.
(Verlag Berger, 2020-02-06) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Ríos Ramírez, Orlando; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; De la Sota Ricaldi, Ana María; Santos, Viviane Monique; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Paraglomus occidentale, was found in an agricultural plantation of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. The inka nut was grown in mixed cultures together with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris. The fungus was propagated in bait and single species cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha, Medicago sativa and P. volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates hyaline spores terminally on cylindrical to slightly funnel-shaped hyphae, singly in soils or rarely in roots. The hyaline spores have a triple layered outer wall and a bi- to triple-layered inner wall. They are (59)69–84(92) µm in diameter. The new fungus is distinguished from all other known Paraglomus spp. by spore wall structure including staining characteristics in Melzer’s reagent, which is yellow-grayish to grayish on the outermost and generally dark yellow on the second spore wall layer. Phylogenetically, the new fungus is recognized in a well-separated clade, near to P. laccatum and P. occultum. Finally, an identification key to the Paraglomeromycetes species is included comprising all known species of the genera Paraglomus, Innospora and Pervetustus.