Examinando por Materia "Clones"

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Evaluación del prendimiento y desarrollo de clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis) propagados por injerto en la selva peruana
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2024-07-15) Navarro, Jorge M.; Alva Arévalo, Alberto; Lozano, Andi; Alva Arévalo, Celso Misael; García Gonzales, Patricia; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
The latex yield in Hevea brasiliensis trees is highly variable; Therefore, it is important to propagate commercial clones of this species by grafting in order to standardize or improve latex yields and therefore improve the economic income of producers in this part of the Amazon region. Objective. To evaluate the attachment and development of rubber clones propagated by grafting in the Peruvian jungle. Methodology. Nine-month-old patterns installed in the field were used. These were grafted with budding rods from the commercial clones TR-1, FX-3864, RRIM-600, IAN-873 and MDF-180. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments and three blocks with 15 experimental units; each containing 30 repetitions. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple range test (p<0.05) and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results. The best results in attachment and number of shoots were obtained in grafts with clone MDF-180 with values of 73.33 % and 7.83 shoots respectively; Regarding days to the appearance of the shoot and length, clone TR-1 presented it with 36.63 days and 27.47 cm; The largest leaf area was presented by the graft with clone IAN-873 with 55.46 cm2, while the highest chlorophyll content was obtained in grafts with clone RRIM-600 with 47.18 SPAD. Implications. More studies are required to establish the quality and adaptability of rubber clones propagated by grafting in different site conditions and establish patterns of tree productivity in a short time; Likewise, it is desired to evaluate the quality and quantity of latex produced by these clones. Conclusions. These results indicate the feasibility of propagating Hevea brasiliensis through shoot grafting in the field, which opens great possibilities for propagating rubber trees with better commercial characteristics, particularly with greater latex production.
Evaluation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) clones at the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora roreri in Tingo María, Perú
(The American Phytopathological Society, 2022-03-25) Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Rios, R. A.; Egoávil, G.; Chia Wong, J. A.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the reaction of Theobroma cacao clones to the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora roreri, at the Tulumayo Experimental Station, Tingo María. Eleven “S” clonal hybrids and 3 “C” farmer collection clones were studied. Conidia of M. roreri were inoculated into 65-day-old fruits, protected for 48 h in a humid chamber. Incidence, external severity (SE) according to fruit damage in degrees were evaluated weekly, 0: healthy fruit, 1: hydrosis, 2: swelling, 3: necrosis, 4: mycelium that covers ¼ part of the stain and 5: mycelium that covers more than ¼ part of the stain, and internal severity (SI): percentage of necrotic grain in each fruit, the clones being compared by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The results show a high incidence in all the clones, with values of 91.67 to 100%. Clone S-19 showed the lowest SE, which was 2.64, while clones S-01, S-08, S-09, S-11, S-13, S-15, S-22; S-24, S-26, S-28, C-02, C-03, and C-29 reported values between 3.64 and 5. The SI, fluctuated from 4.18 to 5 in all the clones evaluated. It is concluded that the clones are classified as susceptible to M. roreri, however, despite the fact that clone S-19 succumbed to the disease, it was able to delay the disease and the production of spores, an important character in the field that allows increasing the interval of fruit removal and fungicide applications, reducing production costs, negative environmental effects and improving work efficiency.
Nuevos cultivares de papa con resistencia a la rancha [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary ] y adaptación al cambio climático
(Asociación Latinoamericana de la Papa, 2019-01-21) Zúñiga López, Luz Noemí; Gastelo Benavides, Manuel Antonio; Bastos Zuñiga, Carolina; Reyes Espinoza, Jhercy Pepe; Alania, D.; Ninalaya Cerrón, Evelin Natali
El cultivo de papa en el Perú es la principal fuente de ingresos y en la alimentación de los pequeños productores de las zonas altoandinas. Para que los nuevos cultivares de papa sean adoptadas y difundidas luego de su liberación, es necesario aplicar metodologías como la selección varietal participativa (SVP), donde participan todos los actores de la cadena de valor del cultivo. Durante los años 2016-2017, se evaluaron tres clones de papa: CIP393079.4 (Flor Blanca), CIP387096.2 (Shulay), CIP396034.268 y los cultivares Única y Canchan, en ocho localidades de las regiones de Huánuco, Junín y Huancavelica en el Perú. La siembra de los experimentos fue en diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) con tres repeticiones se realizó entre los meses de Setiembre a Noviembre del 2016 y la cosecha entre los meses de Marzo y Junio del 2017. Los criterios de selección fueron, a la floración: resistencia a la rancha, abundante follaje y tolerancia a la sequía; a la cosecha fueron: alto rendimiento, tamaño uniforme y sanidad de tubérculos. A la floración, los clones CIP396034.268 y CIP393079.4 fueron seleccionados por los agricultores. Los hombres seleccionaron además al clon CIP387096.2, mientras que las mujeres además de los dos primeros clones, seleccionaron al cultivar Canchan. A la cosecha los productores seleccionaron en las tres regiones a los clones CIP396034.268, CIP393079.4 y CIP387096.2 respectivamente. Los clones CIP387096.2, CIP393079.4 y CIP386034.268 fueron más resistentes a la rancha que los cultivares Canchan y Única en las regiones de Huancavelica, Huánuco y Junín.