Examinando por Materia "Calidad del suelo"

Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5

Analysis of soil quality through aerial biomass contribution of three forest species in relict high Andean forests of Peru
(Malaysian Society of Soil Science, 2024-05-17) Zanabria Cáceres, Ysaias Timoteo; Cordova Torres, Betty; Clemente Archi, Gelly; Zanabria Mallqui, Rosario Magaly; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucia Carolina; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner
The biomass that accumulates on the forest floor and its subsequent decomposition play an important role in maintaining the productivity of different terrestrial ecosystems by constituting the main nutrient flow to the soil. The objective of the study focused on analyzing the nutrient contribution to the soil derived from the aboveground biomass of three native forest species in relict forests of the Central Peruvian Sierra with socioeconomic and environmental relevance. Using random delineation methods, soil samples were collected at 20-30 cm depth, which were subjected to physical, chemical, and biological analyses, developing the determination of a Soil Quality Index (SQI). The results highlight that forests of Polylepis racemosa and Alnus acuminata significantly exhibit a higher SQI, with values of 0.66 and 0.58, respectively, compared to Escallonia resinosa, with the forestless system being of lower quality with an SQI of 0.28. The relict forests, Dorado, Colpar, and Talhuis, presented the highest SQIs (0.53, 0.52, and 0.48), while Saño obtained the lowest SQI with 0.39, with no significant differences among them. The forests of Polylepis racemosa and Alnus acuminata showed a superior soil structure, higher organic matter content, moisture retention, and microbial biomass compared to other analyzed systems.
Calidad de sitio de cuatro especies forestales comerciales establecidas en suelo degradado en el ámbito del Bosque Alexander von Humboldt
(INIA. Estación Experimental Agraria Pucallpa, 2016-05) Angulo Ruíz, Walter Enrique; Reyes Inca, Pedro Pablo
El estudio de investigación se desarrolló en el Anexo Experimental Alexander von Humboldt, tiene por objetivo evaluar la calidad de sitio de la plantación de cuatro especies forestales comerciales establecidas en suelo degradado y la caracterización del suelo. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques completamente randomizado con cuatro tratamientos (shihuahuaco, marupa, pumaquiro, tahuari) y tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron 240 árboles, los mismos que fueron tabulados en el Programa MIRA y cada tratamiento fue analizado por separado en el paquete estadístico SAS.
Divergent effects of a Bacillus biofertilizer immobilized in guinea pig manure biochar: Boosting productivity vs. enhancing nutritional quality in maca monocultures
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-03) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Carranza Ramirez, Ana; Vera Obando, Nora; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Arias Arredondo, Alberto Gilmer; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Saavedra Flores, Excela Elizabeth; Quispe Apaza , Cinthia Sheila; Mamani Rojas, Lizbeth Margarita; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Montes Osorio, Angel; Agapito Panta, Juan; Oscco Laura, Persing; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David
Intensive monoculture of maca (Lepidium meyenii) in the Peruvian Andes induces edaphic degradation, requiring sustainable amendments. We evaluated the agronomic and nutritional effects of a Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer immobilized in guinea-pig manure biochar, contrasting it with its individual components. A field experiment was conducted in Junín, Peru (4449 m a.s.l.) using a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control, biochar alone (3 L m⁻²), liquid B. subtilis (125 L ha⁻¹, 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹) and biochar + B. subtilis. Plant establishment, yield, nutritional quality, and hypocotyl nutrient content were evaluated. Results revealed a functional divergence between treatments. Biochar-based treatments (alone and combined) significantly increased plant density (up to 49 vs. 29 m⁻² in the control) and yield (1290–1500 vs. 550 kg ha⁻¹), associated with greater K accumulation (up to 22,252 mg kg⁻¹; p < 0.001). In contrast, B. subtilis alone primarily enhanced nutritional quality, resulting in the highest protein (3.88 g 100 g⁻¹) and fat (0.24 g 100 g⁻¹) contents. The combined treatment achieved the highest individual plant weight (10.1 g) and high yields; however, it did not retain the quality-related benefits, exhibiting the lowest protein content (3.34 g 100 g⁻¹). Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed this functional separation: biochar was associated with a mineral–productivity gradient, whereas B. subtilis aligned with a proximate–nutritional gradient. These findings indicate that biochar primarily acts as edaphic conditioner driving productivity, while B. subtilis enhances nutritional quality. The absence of full synergism in the combined treatment suggests independent modes of action, resulting in a yield–quality trade-off. This enables the design of differentiated fertilization strategies tailored either toward maximum productivity (biochar alone) or premium nutritional quality (B. subtilis alone).
Manual de mejoramiento y conservación del ambiente productivo
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2016-07) Sánchez Hernández, Rodolfo; Mizunuma, Tomoko; Yoshino, Michinori
El manual brinda orientación tecnológica para el mejoramiento y conservación del ambiente productivo de los pequeños productores de la región sierra, quienes poseen poca capacidad técnica y financiera, siendo la tierra su principal recurso para la gestión agrícola.
Muestreo de suelos y material vegetal para análisis de micorrizas
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2021-08-27) Pérez Porras, Wendy E.
Los Hongos Micorriza Arbuscular (HMA) son microorganismos multifuncionales que en condiciones naturales forman un simbiosis mutualista con más de 90% de especies de plantas colonizando las raíces y el suelo. Están presentes en casi todos los ecosistemas y constituyen el tipo de micorriza más abundante en la naturaleza. Rol vital en el mantenimiento y productividad de los bosques tropicales.