Examinando por Materia "Biotipo"

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Morphostructural diversity, body typology, and phenotypic classification reveal distinct biotype subpopulations in extensively raised Q’ara llamas (Lama glama)
(Research Square, 2026-09-14) Palomino Guerrera, Walter; Guzman Santaria, Hamilton; Contreras Huamani, Mijail; Garcia Herreros, Manuel
The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphostructural diversity, body conformation, and typological classification of extensively raised Q'ara llamas in the south-central Peruvian Andes. A total of 196 llamas were randomly selected from Chuschi (n=96) and Chipao (n=100) districts. The effects of district, sex, and age on zoometric measurements and indices were analyzed using generalized linear model (GLM) and Multivariate Analysis. Male Chuschi: [Neck length (NL) (65.90±0.67), posterior neck circumference (RNC) (48.90±0.88), height at the withers (WH) (103.00±0.90), chest width (CW) (25.40±0.42), Perimeter thoracic (PT) (120.00±1.29), and dorsosternal diameter (DSD) (44.50±0.41)] were broader and taller compared to female from Chuschi and those from Chipao (p<0.05). Female llama from Chuschi showed harmonious development of PT and DSD as they aged (p<0.05); among males, group with four permanent incisors (4D) showed the greatest increase in PT (p<0.05). In Chipao, females in group with two permanent incisors (2D) had RNC; in males, [(WH), Rump height (RL), rump width (RW), CW, PT and DSD] increased from the 2D group with complete dentition (CD), indicating harmonious growth (p<0.05). The llamas from the Chuschi district are more compact and heavier than those from Chipao. Multivariate Analysis revealed no strict separation between individuals by location, and grouped females into three clusters by body size. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that there was low morphostructural variability among Q'ara llama populations. The detected biotypic subpopulations provide a valuable basis for the implementation of conservation policies and the selection of breeding animals.
Phaneroptic characterization and zoometric indices of Creole goats in the Ayacucho region, Peru: First step for breeding programs, selection, and conservation
(Mymensingh: Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2024-06-22) Palomino Guerrera, Walter; Laimes Estrada, Yeferson; Godoy Padilla, David; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos; Trillo Zárate, Fritz
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics and typification of Creole goats in five localities of the Ayacucho region in south-central Peru. Materials and Methods: Data from 149 goats (25 males and 124 females) were collected, excluding animals under 2 years of age, pregnant, and sick. Seven qualitative characteristics and 11 zometric measurements were evaluated, and then 9 zometric indices were estimated. Results: In the region, goats with composite colors predominated (76.50%). Additionally, supernumerary (24.20%) and divergent teats (22.60%) were observed in females, while males exhibited a scrotal bifurcation (32.00%). The origin of the flock had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on body measurements, as well as on pelvic index, transverse pelvic index, longitudinal pelvic index, compactness index, and load cannon bone index, except for body index (BOI), proportionality index, dactyl thorax index (DTI), and relative cannon bone thickness index (p > 0.05). In the Ayacucho region, there is a predominance of light animals (57.72%) with a significant DTI (p < 0.05) among the populations, including goats with good balance and capable of walking long distances. Furthermore, there are compact animals (47.65%) with a significant BOI (p < 0.05) among the flock populations, which animals are of the biotype of meat. Conversely, the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.89) was discovered between chest girth and body weight. Conclusion: In the Ayacucho region, there are various creole goat biotypes range from light to very compact heavy goats, with a predominance of meat biotype animals, as well as a marked size dimorphism between localities of origin.