Examinando por Materia "Biomass"

Mostrando 1 - 4 de 4

Analysis of soil quality through aerial biomass contribution of three forest species in relict high Andean forests of Peru
(Malaysian Society of Soil Science, 2024-05-17) Zanabria Cáceres, Ysaias Timoteo; Cordova Torres, Betty; Clemente Archi, Gelly; Zanabria Mallqui, Rosario Magaly; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucia Carolina; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner
The biomass that accumulates on the forest floor and its subsequent decomposition play an important role in maintaining the productivity of different terrestrial ecosystems by constituting the main nutrient flow to the soil. The objective of the study focused on analyzing the nutrient contribution to the soil derived from the aboveground biomass of three native forest species in relict forests of the Central Peruvian Sierra with socioeconomic and environmental relevance. Using random delineation methods, soil samples were collected at 20-30 cm depth, which were subjected to physical, chemical, and biological analyses, developing the determination of a Soil Quality Index (SQI). The results highlight that forests of Polylepis racemosa and Alnus acuminata significantly exhibit a higher SQI, with values of 0.66 and 0.58, respectively, compared to Escallonia resinosa, with the forestless system being of lower quality with an SQI of 0.28. The relict forests, Dorado, Colpar, and Talhuis, presented the highest SQIs (0.53, 0.52, and 0.48), while Saño obtained the lowest SQI with 0.39, with no significant differences among them. The forests of Polylepis racemosa and Alnus acuminata showed a superior soil structure, higher organic matter content, moisture retention, and microbial biomass compared to other analyzed systems.
Effect of pruning height and organic fertilization on the morphological and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. in the Peruvian dry tropics
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024-06-18) Yalta Vela, Juan; Silva Valqui, Gelver; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pruning height (PH) and organic fertilization dose (FD) on the morphology and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. We germinated seeds collected from 10-year-old shrubs, and 2-month-old seedlings were transplanted in the final field. We used a two-factor design of PH (PH1:0.4, PH2:0.8, and PH3:1.2m from the ground) and FD (FD0:0, FD1:500, FD2:750, and FD3:1,000 g of decomposing goat manure). We carried out an initial pruning 4 months after transplanting and the harvests every 45 days. After three consecutive harvests, PH3 improved N° branches (12.53 ± 3.09) and dry matter (21.98 ± 1.30%), but PH1 showed greater stem lengths (1.65 ± 0.24 m) (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the stems and leaf weights between PH2 and PH3, and no trait varied according to FD (p > 0.05). The PH × FD interaction can improve the plant diameter (p < 0.01) and dry matter (p < 0.05) with PH2 (56.79 ± 3.71 mm) and PH3 (23.20 ± 1.04%) from FD1. We found an increasing trend in N° branches, plant diameter (p < 0.01), and the leaf–stem ratio. However, in the third harvest, the biomass production trend was downward for a short period for an adequate replacement of nutrients from the incorporated organic fertilizer. It is recommended to prune M. oleifera at 1.2m from the ground to stimulate greater biomass and maintain the leaf–stem ratio throughout the evaluated harvests and apply more than 500 g of goat manure after each harvest to restore the nutrients extracted from the soil.
Estudio comparativo del híbrido pasto mulato y dos especies de gramíneas forrajeras sobre la calidad nutritiva y rendimiento de biomasa en la región Ucayali
(Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac (UNAMBA), 2014-10-24) Caruzo Vara, Ever
En Pucallpa, región Ucayali, se desarrolló el experimento "Estudio comparativo del pasto mulato híbrido y dos especies de gramíneas forrajeras, sobre la calidad nutritiva y rendimiento de biomasa, evaluando el rendimiento de biomasa seca y calidad nutritiva de las gramíneas forrajeras tropicales. En los resultados de biomasa seca a 120 días de brote nuevamente la híbrida gramínea mulato con 13.795 kg/ha fue significativamente superior a Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria brizantha. En biomasa seca a 2 meses de brote, nuevamente el pasto mulato híbrido con 15.293 kg/ha (tiempo lluvioso) y 5520 kg/ha (tiempo seco), fueron significativamente superiores a Brachiaria decumbens y Brachiaria brizantha. En proteína bruta con promedio de 7%, no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre las gramíneas en estudio.
Physiological characterization and bioactive compounds of promising accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2024-05-07) Murga Orrillo, Hipolito; Chuquímez Gonzales, Jhon Kevin; Arévalo López, Luis Alberto
Cowpea production in the Peruvian Amazon is increasing due to its ability to adapt to diverse environments, its contribution to soil conservation, and its versatility of uses. This crop is particularly valuable in human nutrition due to its high nutritional quality and nutraceutical properties of its bioactive compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiology of cowpea plants in accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, under the influence of rice husk mulch, screw tree litter, and oil palm fiber, as well as to determine the bioactive compounds present in the grains. This study aims to promote sustainable cowpea production, expose the nutritional aspects of the grains, and foster their consumption both locally and nationally. The experiment was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023, in Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. The application of organic mulches demonstrates a significantly positive impact on the growth of cowpea accessions during their vegetative phase. This effect is possibly attributed to increased water availability, as the mulch reduces soil evaporation. In particular, cowpea accessions PER12645 and PER1005851 exhibit desirable physiological characteristics for grain production, with short cycles of 71 days and higher yields of 1141 and 1125 kg/ha respectively. In contrast, accession PER1005854 is distinguished by its higher biomass production, reaching a value of 14497 kg/ha, a relevant trait for foliage production and its contribution to soil conservation. The bioactive compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, present in the accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, are similar to those found in other legumes. However, the antioxidant activity of dark tegument cowpeas proved to be superior, particularly highlighted in accession PER12645 (black tegument) with 26.3 μmolTG/g, and in accession PER1005854 (dark red tegument) with 19.5 μmolTG/g. This characteristic is particularly important for consumption, as it is related to the ability to combat oxidative stress in the human body.