Examinando por Materia "Biochar"

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Biorremediación del suelo con acidez y metales pesados (As, Cd) en un ecosistema altoandino con influencia minera mediante biochar de estiércol de cuy y consorcios microbianos
(DEEV MINAS, 2026-04-24) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; López Rodríguez, Melina; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Los suelos de pastizales altoandinos en zonas con influencia minera (Pasco, Perú, 4125 m) presentan acidez y contaminación por arsénico (As: 5.77 mg kg⁻¹) y cadmio (Cd: 1.71 mg kg⁻¹), lo que genera riesgo de transferencia de metales a la cadena trófica ganadera. Evaluamos el efecto del biochar de estiércol de cuy inoculado con consorcios microbianos (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma sp.) sobre la inmovilización de As y Cd y la calidad nutricional de pastos nativos (Festuca dolichophylla, Carex sp.) y cultivados (Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata). Establecimos un experimento factorial 4×4 en bloques completos al azar (48 parcelas). Determinamos factores de bioconcentración (BCF) y calidad nutricional, analizando mediante GLM y PCA. Los resultados evidenciaron una interacción significativa especie×tratamiento. Destacó la reversión fenotípica de Festuca dolichophylla frente a As, que pasó de acumuladora (BCF>1) a exclusora efectiva (BCF<<0.01) bajo inoculación con Trichoderma sp. Asimismo, Trichoderma sp. y P. putida redujeron la translocación de Cd en Lolium perenne (BCF<<0.1), manteniendo niveles seguros para consumo animal. El uso sinérgico de biochar y consorcios microbianos mitigó la transferencia de metales y preservó la calidad nutricional del forraje.
Production of biochar derived from guinea pig manure as a soil amendment in high Andean and coastal acidic soils in Peru: agronomic potential and cost analysis for sustainable circularity
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-03-17) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Damián, Lucía; Herrera, Sherly; Pichis García, Roger; Cabello Torres, Rita; Padilla Castro, Cesar Franco; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: The valorization of local resources, such as guinea pig manure, allows traditional inputs to be transformed into more stable products with higher added value, such as biochar, rather than being used as raw manure. Methods: This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, toxicity, and neutralizing capacity of biochar obtained from guinea pig manure, produced by open pyrolysis in a pyrolytic oven in Huancayo, Junin, Peru. Fresh manure was also characterized prior to pyrolysis, and its median lethal dose was determined. Results: The results indicated that guinea pig manure had an approximate volume of 2,883.99 cm3 in an uncompacted state and 2,205.41 cm3 in a compacted state, with densities of 0.293 and 0.380 kg/cm3, respectively. Guinea pig manure biochar has high N, P, and K contents, as well as a significant percentage of ash (34.6%) and fixed carbon (37.9%). Its alkaline pH (9.17), high cation exchange capacity (48.8 meq/100 g), and high organic matter content (62%) suggest its potential for improving acidic soils. It also has a considerable moisture content (34.8%) and microelements such as Mg, Cu, Ca, and Zn. In economic terms, the production of 1 ton of guinea pig manure has an estimated cost of 231.23 soles, while the sale price of biochar reaches 3,515.31 soles per ton, demonstrating its high added value. Discussion: Biochar derived from guinea pig manure has a superior nutritional profile compared to biochars obtained from plant biomass, making it a viable alternative for agriculture. Its application, however, must take into account specific safety tests for each crop to ensure both safety and effectiveness.
Yield estimation based on agronomic traits in vegetables under different biochar levels
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-09-29) Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Taipe Crispin, Maglorio; Marcelo Matero, Jhonny Demis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through oxygen-limited pyrolysis of organic biomass, demonstrates exceptional potential as a soil amendment due to its porous structure and stability. This research investigated the impact of guinea pig manure biochar on three vegetable species cultivated in high Andean conditions: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.), and chard (Beta vulgaris var.). The study implemented four biochar application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) and measured comprehensive agronomic parameters including leaf count, leaf length, and fresh/dry biomass of both leaves and roots. Simultaneously, UAV-captured multispectral imagery provided spectral indices that were integrated with agronomic data into machine learning models: linear regression, support vector machines (SVM), and regression trees (CART). Results demonstrated significant vegetative growth enhancement and yield increases across all crops, with the 30 t ha-1 application rate producing optimal outcomes. Predictive modeling exhibited remarkable accuracy: spinach analysis via SVM achieved R² = 0.94 and RMSE = 0.32 g; chard analysis through CART delivered R² = 0.92 and RMSE = 0.35 g; and cabbage assessment using CART yielded R² = 0.91 and RMSE = 0.38 g. This research substantiates biochar’s effectiveness as an organic amendment while establishing a reliable framework for crop yield prediction using machine learning algorithms integrated with spectral data. These findings position biochar as a valuable component in sustainable agricultural systems, particularly for vegetable production in challenging high-altitude environments.