Examinando por Materia "Biochar"

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Biochar enhances the use efficiency of guano de isla and could boost profitability and food security for smallholders in the global south
(Springer, 2026-06-22) Lukuy Espejo, Sandro Esteban; Cosme De La Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Loret de Mola León, Ursula; Martin Carruitero, Jean Luc; Zavalaga, Carlos; Ladd, Brenton
Guano de isla (seabird guano) is a strategic organic fertilizer in Peru, reserved primarily for economically vulnerable smallholder farmers. However, its availability is declining due to ecological pressures on seabird populations, creating an urgent need to improve its use efficiency. This study tested the hypothesis that biochar can enhance the nutrient use efficiency of guano de isla, allowing reduced application rates without compromising yield or profitability. A randomized complete block experiment (n=10 replicates per treatment) was conducted in sandy soil in Lurín, Peru, to evaluate lettuce (Lactuca sativa) yield under eight fertilization treatments, including inorganic fertilizer (NPK), guano de isla (400 kg ha⁻¹), biochar (3 t ha⁻¹), and combinations thereof. The biochar+guano de isla (BG) treatment applied 200 kg ha⁻¹ of guano de isla (50% of the standard rate). Economic viability was assessed using the value/cost ratio (VCR) under conventional and organic market scenarios, with and without carbon credits. The highest lettuce yields were obtained in the full-rate guano de isla (G) and biochar+guano de isla (BG) treatments, representing a 40% increase compared to the control. Importantly, the BG treatment achieved statistically equivalent yields to the full-rate guano de isla treatment while using 50% less guano de isla. Under conventional market conditions, all treatments resulted in VCR values<1. However, under organic market conditions, the G, BG, and biochar treatments exceeded the profitability threshold (VCR>2), with the BG treatment reaching a maximum VCR of 12.9 when carbon credits were included. These findings demonstrate that biochar can significantly enhance the use efficiency of guano de isla in sandy soils, allowing reduced application rates while maintaining productivity. Integrating biochar with guano de isla could help conserve a strategic national fertilizer resource, improve farm profitability, and strengthen food security for smallholder farmers in the Global South.
Biorremediación del suelo con acidez y metales pesados (As, Cd) en un ecosistema altoandino con influencia minera mediante biochar de estiércol de cuy y consorcios microbianos
(DEEV MINAS, 2026-04-24) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; López Rodríguez, Melina; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Los suelos de pastizales altoandinos en zonas con influencia minera (Pasco, Perú, 4125 m) presentan acidez y contaminación por arsénico (As: 5.77 mg kg⁻¹) y cadmio (Cd: 1.71 mg kg⁻¹), lo que genera riesgo de transferencia de metales a la cadena trófica ganadera. Evaluamos el efecto del biochar de estiércol de cuy inoculado con consorcios microbianos (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma sp.) sobre la inmovilización de As y Cd y la calidad nutricional de pastos nativos (Festuca dolichophylla, Carex sp.) y cultivados (Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata). Establecimos un experimento factorial 4×4 en bloques completos al azar (48 parcelas). Determinamos factores de bioconcentración (BCF) y calidad nutricional, analizando mediante GLM y PCA. Los resultados evidenciaron una interacción significativa especie×tratamiento. Destacó la reversión fenotípica de Festuca dolichophylla frente a As, que pasó de acumuladora (BCF>1) a exclusora efectiva (BCF<<0.01) bajo inoculación con Trichoderma sp. Asimismo, Trichoderma sp. y P. putida redujeron la translocación de Cd en Lolium perenne (BCF<<0.1), manteniendo niveles seguros para consumo animal. El uso sinérgico de biochar y consorcios microbianos mitigó la transferencia de metales y preservó la calidad nutricional del forraje.
Guía práctica de producción y uso de bioladrillos inoculados con Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp. y Pseudomonas sp.
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2026-06) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Huaraka Verastegui, Angela
El Bioladrillo, es un bloque sólido elaborado a partir de residuos de cosecha y otros materiales orgánicos, que funciona como refugio y medio de transporte para microoganismos benéficos de las plantas. Al disolver el bioladrillo en agua, los microorganismos benéficos se liberan y están listos para aplicarse en el suelo, raíz o semillas. Los Bacillus y Pseudomonas ayudan a la planta a absorber nutrientes (nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio), logrando plantas más vigorosas (Solórzano Acossta y Quispe. 2024). El Trichoderma, por su parte, fortalece la raíz y evita que las plántulas, mueran tras el trasplante (Huasasquieche et al.2024)
Guía práctica para la producción de biochar e inmovilización de Trichoderma
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Torres Espirilla, Alfonso; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay
Los residuos agrícolas pueden aprovecharse para producir biochar, un carbón orgánico que mejora la salud y fertilidad del suelo. El biochar al combinarse con micororganismos beneficiosos ayuda al mejor crecimiento de los cultivos, reduce el uso de fertilizantes químicos y promueve una agricultura más sostenible, generando además una oportunidad de ingreso para el agricultor.
Producción y caracterización de biochar: el "Oro negro" para una agricultura sostenible
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2026-06) Hermoza Ayme, Nilton Alexander; Reza Carlin, Luis Joel; Ore Valeriano, Ruddy Adely; Alderete Cruzatt, Athaly I.
El biochar, es un material rico en carbono producido mediante la despomposición térmica de biomasa en un ambiente libre de oxígeno a temperaturas que suelen oscilar entre 350 y 800 °C. Sus propiedades, como su gran superficie y estabilidad térmica, lo hacen adecuado para diversas aplicaciones, incluyendo la fertilización del suelo y la producción de energía.
Production of biochar derived from guinea pig manure as a soil amendment in high Andean and coastal acidic soils in Peru: agronomic potential and cost analysis for sustainable circularity
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-03-17) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Damián, Lucía; Herrera, Sherly; Pichis García, Roger; Cabello Torres, Rita; Padilla Castro, Cesar Franco; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: The valorization of local resources, such as guinea pig manure, allows traditional inputs to be transformed into more stable products with higher added value, such as biochar, rather than being used as raw manure. Methods: This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, toxicity, and neutralizing capacity of biochar obtained from guinea pig manure, produced by open pyrolysis in a pyrolytic oven in Huancayo, Junin, Peru. Fresh manure was also characterized prior to pyrolysis, and its median lethal dose was determined. Results: The results indicated that guinea pig manure had an approximate volume of 2,883.99 cm3 in an uncompacted state and 2,205.41 cm3 in a compacted state, with densities of 0.293 and 0.380 kg/cm3, respectively. Guinea pig manure biochar has high N, P, and K contents, as well as a significant percentage of ash (34.6%) and fixed carbon (37.9%). Its alkaline pH (9.17), high cation exchange capacity (48.8 meq/100 g), and high organic matter content (62%) suggest its potential for improving acidic soils. It also has a considerable moisture content (34.8%) and microelements such as Mg, Cu, Ca, and Zn. In economic terms, the production of 1 ton of guinea pig manure has an estimated cost of 231.23 soles, while the sale price of biochar reaches 3,515.31 soles per ton, demonstrating its high added value. Discussion: Biochar derived from guinea pig manure has a superior nutritional profile compared to biochars obtained from plant biomass, making it a viable alternative for agriculture. Its application, however, must take into account specific safety tests for each crop to ensure both safety and effectiveness.
The impact of microbial colonization on cadmium adsorption by rice husk biochar: microorganism-dependent outcomes in bioretention systems
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-06-01) Curi Zavala, Carlos; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; García, Sady; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
The use of microorganisms and biochar, individually, has been proposed as a promising strategy for the bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated water bodies. However, the impact of their combined application, specifically through the immobilization of microorganisms on biochar, on the efficiency of cadmium (Cd) removal and the physicochemical properties of water has not yet been fully assessed, creating uncertainty regarding their effectiveness in decontamination processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the physical adsorption capacity for cadmium on rice husk biochar following activation with strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Chlorella sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Methods: Vertical flow modules were constructed in a factorial design: bioretention systems (M0: biochar, M1: biochar + Chlorella sp., M2: biochar + Pseudomonas sp., M3: biochar + Trichoderma harzianum) × initial cadmium concentration (C1: 3 mg·L−1, C2: 6 mg·L−1, C3: 15 mg·L−1). After 24 h, the efficiency of Cd removal varied significantly according to the system and the initial concentration. Results: For water with [Cd] ≤ 6 mg·L−1, pure biochar (M0) exhibited the highest removal efficiency (99.17 ± 0.41% at 6 mg·L−1). For higher concentrations, M1 showed notably enhanced and stable performance, achieving a removal rate of 99.22 ± 1.06%, surpassing M0 (94.35 ± 6.29%) in stability and effectiveness at high loading. In contrast, M2 and M3 systems exhibited lower efficiencies (75.07 ± 12.73% and 77.79 ± 12.22%, respectively, at 15 mg·L−1). Discussion: The results indicate that the outcome of microbial colonization depends critically on the microorganism used. For M2 and M3, removal rates were inversely proportional to the initial Cd concentration, suggesting early saturation of active sites and/or possible ionic competition for nutrient residues. The scaling up of M1 using conventional fertilizers represents a technically and economically sustainable alternative. For M2 and M3, future works should evaluate the incorporation of post-colonization conditioning stages (e.g., washing, pH adjustment) to mitigate potential ionic competition and restore the adsorptive capacity of the biochar.
Yield estimation based on agronomic traits in vegetables under different biochar levels
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-09-29) Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Taipe Crispin, Maglorio; Marcelo Matero, Jhonny Demis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through oxygen-limited pyrolysis of organic biomass, demonstrates exceptional potential as a soil amendment due to its porous structure and stability. This research investigated the impact of guinea pig manure biochar on three vegetable species cultivated in high Andean conditions: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.), and chard (Beta vulgaris var.). The study implemented four biochar application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) and measured comprehensive agronomic parameters including leaf count, leaf length, and fresh/dry biomass of both leaves and roots. Simultaneously, UAV-captured multispectral imagery provided spectral indices that were integrated with agronomic data into machine learning models: linear regression, support vector machines (SVM), and regression trees (CART). Results demonstrated significant vegetative growth enhancement and yield increases across all crops, with the 30 t ha-1 application rate producing optimal outcomes. Predictive modeling exhibited remarkable accuracy: spinach analysis via SVM achieved R² = 0.94 and RMSE = 0.32 g; chard analysis through CART delivered R² = 0.92 and RMSE = 0.35 g; and cabbage assessment using CART yielded R² = 0.91 and RMSE = 0.38 g. This research substantiates biochar’s effectiveness as an organic amendment while establishing a reliable framework for crop yield prediction using machine learning algorithms integrated with spectral data. These findings position biochar as a valuable component in sustainable agricultural systems, particularly for vegetable production in challenging high-altitude environments.