Examinando por Materia "Avocados"

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Ajuste osmótico y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta (Persea americana), Hass y Fuerte, con sistema de riego por goteo, en zona andina del Perú
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencia Agropecuarias, 2024-04-23) Quispe Rodriguez, Juan; Paytan Montañez, Tulio C.; Aliaga Barrera, Isaac Nolberto; Saravia Navarro, David
El cultivo de palta (Persea americana) no solo es esencial desde el punto de vista económico, sino que también desempeña un papel crucial en la alimentación, la salud y el bienestar de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. El estudio se realizó en Ayacucho-Perú (latitud: 12° 53’ 57’’ S, longitud: 74° 16’ 55’’ O y altitud: 2596 msnm), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de riego tecnificado por goteo en la producción y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta, Hass y Fuerte. El estudio estuvo basado en el uso de un sistema de riego con programación por tratamiento con plantas de palta instaladas en parcelas de 500 m² en 6 sectores, con una densidad de 5 x 5 m, cuya edad estuvo entre 5 a 16 años, de las cuales se consideró 12 plantas (6 plantas con riego por goteo y 6 plantas como testigo con riego por gravedad). Los riegos se efectuaron justo en la etapa de floración y producción garantizando el suministro de agua adecuado en periodos de déficit hídrico, entre febrero a junio de 2022. La cosecha realizada reporto rendimientos 67,96 ± 8,8 t/ha bajo riego tecnificado y de 26,42 ± 4,93 t/ha en riego por gravedad, siendo un incremento del 157% con respecto a este último. En cuanto a las variedades, la palta Fuerte tuvo el mayor rendimiento 49,38 ± 23,06 t/ha con respecto a la variedad Hass (45,0 ± 21,14 t/ha), el rendimiento máximo se dio con riego por goteo para a variedad Fuerte (71,09 ± 8,38 t/ha), esto es explicado por el gasto de energía en el potencial de ajuste osmótico la cual disminuye drásticamente el potencial de rendimiento con riego tradicional por gravedad, obteniendo un rendimiento mínimo en Hass de 25,18 ± 4,44 t/ha.
Assessing the role of field isolated Pseudomonas and Bacillus as growth‐promoting rizobacteria on avocado (Persea americana) seedlings
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024-07-17) Solórzano Acosta, Richard A.; Quispe, Kenyi R.
This research aims to assess the efficacy of two genera of rhizobacteria from avocado field isolated: Pseudomonas and Bacillus, as plant growth‐promoting microorganisms in Hass avocado trees grafted onto Zutano rootstock.
Differentiating nutritional and water statuses in Hass avocado plantations through a temporal analysis of vegetation indices computed from aerial RGB images
(Elsevier, 2023-09-22) Salazar Reque, Itamar; Arteaga, Daniel; Mendoza, Fabiola; Rojas Meza, María Elena; Soto Jeri, Jonell; Huaman, Samuel; Kemper, Guillermo
Maximizing crop production efficiently and sustainably through plant health monitoring is key for global food security. Monitoring large areas with remote sensing technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with sensors deals with time and money issues; however, the usage of advanced sensors such as hyperspectral, multispectral and thermal cameras limit their usage among all the stakeholders. In this study we explore different vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from aerial RGB images acquired in different flights to differentiate the nutritional and water statuses of Hass avocado plantations. We used an image processing workflow consisting of image selection through a convolutional neural network (CNN) model, tree crown segmentation, color correction and feature extraction to automate the computation of VIs from RGB images. To compare the performance of VIs in the differentiation of nutritional and water statuses, we proposed a comparison metric called Mean Distance between Vegetation Indices (MDVI), analyzed the evolution of the extracted features, and studied their relationships with gold standard Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measurements. Since the extracted features from each group vary from flight to flight due to multiple factors such as the light intensity of each season and the phenological stage of the plant, the proposed comparison metric leverages the differences between the features extracted from each group, thus reducing these temporal effects. We found that Modified Green Red Vegetation Index (MGRVI) allows a better differentiation of nutritional and water statuses. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients of this VI in the three statuses and NDVI for nitrogen group range between 0.63 and 0.85, indicating a positive strong relationship. The results of this work show that MGRVI has a potential to be used as a correlation variable in studies that only use RGB sensors in order to monitor the nutritional and water status of crops.
Effect of co-inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth of Persea americana seedlings infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
(MDPI, 2024-04-02) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Toro, Marcia; Zúñiga Dávila, Doris
Avocado is one of the most in-demand fruits worldwide and the trend towards its sustainable production, regulated by international standards, is increasing. One of the most economically important diseases is root rot, caused by Phythopthora cinnamomi. Regarding this problem, antagonistic microorganism use is an interesting alternative due to their phytopathogen control efficiency. Therefore, the interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, native to the Peruvian coast (GWI) and jungle (GFI), and avocado rhizospheric bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, was evaluated in terms of their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi in the “Zutano” variety of avocado plants. The results showed that the GWI and Bacillus subtilis combination increased the root exploration surface by 466.36%. P. putida increased aerial biomass by 360.44% and B. subtilis increased root biomass by 433.85%. Likewise, P. putida rhizobacteria showed the highest nitrogen (24.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and sulfur (2.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations at a foliar level. The combination of GWI and Bacillus subtilis was the treatment that presented the highest calcium (16.00 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and magnesium (8.80 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations. The microorganisms’ multifunctionality reduced disease severity by 85 to 90% due to the interaction between mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting microorganisms that are antagonistic to P. cinnamomi represents a potential strategy for sustainable management of avocado cultivation.
Efficiency of entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi on Oligonychus yothersi in vitro and on Persea americana Mill. plants
(Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia,, 2023-11-03) Parco Quinchori, Jhimy Andy; Valverde Rodriguez, Agustina; Cornejo, Antonio; Briceño, Henry; Barrionuevo, Laura; Romero, Javier
In the germplasm bank of 22 varieties of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) belonging to the Fruit Horticultural Institute Investigation, HermilioValdizan National University (UNHEVAL)-Peru, it is common to observe a high population of the species Oligonychusyothersi, a phytophagous mite harmful to the crop. Controls with commercial acaricides are restricted in place, due to the presence of beehives installed in adjacent plots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four commercial formulations containing strains of Metarhiziumanisopliae and Beauveria bassiana and the toxins of Bacillussubtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (Btk) for the control of O. yothersi. The entomopathogenic products were evaluated in the field applying a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replicates. In the laboratory, 500 adult mites were selected, placing 100 mites per Petri dish with three repetitions per treatment. It was found that the formulation Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki under field conditions reduced the population incidence of mites by up to 98.07% in 49 days. In the laboratory, the B. subtilis and M. anisopliae formulations caused 100% mortality six days after application proving to be efficient control alternatives.
Methodology for avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchard evaluation using different measurement technologies
(Universidad de Concepción, 2022-12-27) Chumbimune Vivanco, Sheyla Yanett; Cárdenas Rengifo, Gloria Patricia; Saravia Navarro, David; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Avocado crop (Persea americana Mill.) is of great commercial importance due to its high profitability. However, it is being affected by various diseases and pests that affect yield and reduce fruit quality. The aim of this research was to develop methodologies for the evaluation of avocado plantations using different non-destructive technologies for rapid phenotyping and early detection of the incidence of diseases or damage due to stress in the stem. A plot of 0.7 ha. was evaluated, with a total of 44 individuals using Field-Map technology (dasometric and morphological characterization), RGB-multispectral images from Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) (rapid phenotyping), while 15 individuals were evaluated using tomography (assessment of the internal state of the stem). The results with tomography indicated that there is a tree with wood rot of 14% with a lower acoustic speed with respect to the other trees evaluated. A high correlation was observed between the dasometric variables (r-Pearson from 0.63 to 0.98) estimated with Field-Map [crown base height, crown projection (m2) and total height] and with RPAS (height, perimeter and area). The vegetation indices do not have a direct correlation with the dasometric variables; five of the indices have a high contribution to variability except for the Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE). It can be concluded that the technologies used in this study would help to perform evaluations with a greater number of reliable and precise data with respect to the information obtained in a traditional way, while they can be replicated in commercial plots or research studies of different perennial crops, generating useful information for management decisions and crop evaluation.
The effect of hydrothermal treatment on metabolite composition of hass avocados stored in a controlled atmosphere
(MDPI, 2021-11-10) Chirinos, Rosana; Campos, David; Martínez, Sofía; Llanos, Sílfida; Betalleluz Pallardel, Indira; García Ríos, Diego; Pedreschi, Romina
Avocado cv. Hass consumption has expanded worldwide given its nutritional, sensory, and functional attributes. In this work, avocado fruit from two harvests was subjected to hydrothermal treatment (38 °C for 1 h) or left untreated (control) and then stored for 30 and 50 days in a controlled atmosphere (4 kPa O2 and 6 kPa CO2 at 7 °C) (HTCA and CA, respectively) with subsequent ripening at ~20 °C. The fruit was evaluated for primary and secondary metabolites at harvest, after storage, and after reaching edible ripeness. A decrease from harvest to edible ripeness in mannoheptulose and perseitol was observed while β-sitosterol, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity (H-AOX, L-AOX), abscisic acid, and total phenolics (composed of p-coumaric and caffeic acids such as aglycones or their derivatives) increased. HTCA fruit at edible ripeness displayed higher contents of mannoheptulose, perseitol, β-sitosterol, L-AOX, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid derivatives, while CA fruit presented higher contents of α-tocopherol, H-AOX, and syringic acid glycoside for both harvests and storage times. The results indicate that a hydrothermal treatment prior to CA enables fruit of high nutritional value characterized by enhanced content of phenolic compounds at edible ripeness to reach distant markets.