Examinando por Materia "Arbuscular mycorrhiza"

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community shifts driven by heavy metals in cocoa agroecosystems at different crop age
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2026-06-09) Del Aguila Torres, Cecil Eduardo; Pezo Torres, Maria Nelly; Vega Herrera, Sergio Sebastian; Verde Girbau, Carlos; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Paz Urrelo, Jorge Luis
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an economically important tropical crop, but its production is increasingly constrained by strict regulations related to heavy metal accumulation in soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key biological component of cocoa agroecosystems due to their role in soil processes and plant nutrition. However, information on AMF diversity and their response to heavy metals remains limited. In this study, AMF communities were evaluated in cocoa plantations of different ages established under contrasting heavy metal conditions. A total of 53 AMF taxa were identified, indicating high fungal richness across all plantations. No significant differences were found in α-diversity indices or community composition among plantation ages. In contrast, multivariate analyses showed that variation in AMF community structure was primarily associated with soil heavy metal gradients, particularly cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). Species-level models revealed contrasting responses among taxa, with both positive and negative associations along Cd and Zn gradients, suggesting differential tolerance strategies. Overall, these results indicate that edaphic factors, especially heavy metal concentrations, play a more important role than plantation age in shaping AMF community composition. These findings provide a basis for identifying AMF taxa adapted to metal-enriched soils and for developing management strategies that support sustainable cocoa production.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Myrciaria dubia in the Amazonia Region, Peru
(Hindawi, 2024-01-30) Pineda Lázaro, Alexandra Jherina; Vallejos Tapullima, Adelaide S.; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Carvajal Vallejos, Fernando Marcelo; Ríos Ramírez, Orlando; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson
Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (camu-camu) is a shrub native to the Amazon region that produces fruits with a high content of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds, making it a functional food with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, it is unknown which microorganisms are associated with its root system and can influence its growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with most plants and are essential for their establishment, survival, and productivity since they facilitate their nutrition, increase water absorption, and improve soil structure. Although the AMF association is already known in some species of Myrciaria, no report is available on its association in M. dubia. This study presents, for the first time, the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia from the INIA San Roque experimental station located in the Amazon region, Peru. For the morphological and molecular analyses of the AMF, samples of rhizospheric soil and roots from two native accessions of the National Germplasm Bank of M. dubia were collected. Eighteen AMF morphospecies were identified in rhizospheric soil, belonging to nine genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Entrophospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Paraglomus, Funneliformis, and Sclerocystis, being the first one the most frequent. The roots of M. dubia showed high colonization by AMF (mean =91%), and characteristic structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae, such as vesicles, hyphae, and arbuscules, could be observed. Likewise, the molecular analysis detected the presence of genetic material (rDNA) corresponding to AMF in the roots of both accessions. Our results evidenced the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia, which encourages further investigation of the functional potential of these microorganisms in this economically crucial agricultural plant in Peru.
Crecimiento vegetativo de Cinchona officinalis L. inoculado con hongos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos y abonado orgánico
(Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), 2024-05-01) Sánchez Santillan, Tito; Huamán Vela, María; Chavez Quintana, Segundo Grimaldo; Fernández Zárate, Franklin Hitler; Méndez Fasabi, Lizette; Vásquez García, Jheiner
La investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) autóctonos y abonos orgánicos en el comportamiento vegetativo de la quina (C. officinalis) en invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño con arreglo factorial 4A x 3B (A: hongo micorrízico; B: abonos orgánicos), lo que resultó en un total de 12 tratamientos. Los HMA fueron colectados en los distritos Leymebamba, San Jerónimo y Conila, en la región Amazonas y fueron multiplicados en vivero con cultivos trampa de maíz durante 80 días. Simultáneamente, se llevó a cabo la germinación de semillas de quina por un periodo de 60 días. Las plántulas fueron trasplantadas e inoculadas con 40 g de HMA y 40 g de abono orgánico en contenedores de 1 L. El consorcio LEY-GALL produjo la mayor respuesta por planta en la altura (11,53 cm) y materia seca radicular (79,93 mg), el LEY-HUM mayor en número (45) y longitud de raíces (18,68 cm), y en materia seca radicular (75,83 mg), el SJ-HUM mayor en materia seca foliar (317,8 g), y el SJ-GALL mayor en área foliar (85,83 cm2), todos con superioridad estadística sobre el resto, o la mayoría de consorcios. Las plantas con el consorcio SMA-SA (sin micorriza y sin abono) presentaron los menores valores en todas las variables. Se concluye que la combinación de HMA con abonos orgánicos favorece el crecimiento vegetativo de la quina en invernadero.