Examinando por Materia "Antioxidant capacity"

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Agronomic performance, bioactive profile, and nutritional quality of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under aluminum edaphic stress conditions in the Peruvian Amazon
(Preprints.org, 2026-07-29) Ramírez Chung, José; Vela Paredes, Rafael Segundo; Bazán Marín, Claudia; Tello Célis, Fernando; León Mendoza, Luis Humberto; Campos Cedano, Johnny Carlos; Bazán Ferrando, Alberto José
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a strategic legume for food security in the Peruvian Amazon owing to its resilience in marginal soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance, bioactive profile, and nutritional quality of eight cowpea accessions grown under high aluminum saturation (69.01%) and extreme acidity (pH 3.50) in Zungarococha (Loreto, Peru). Phenological and yield traits were assessed under a randomized complete block design, together with total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and the proximate and mineral composition of the grain. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among accessions. Accession PER1005852 was identified as a dual-purpose ideotype, combining the highest grain yield (1.42 t ha⁻¹) with a strong antioxidant profile. Protein content ranged from 21.87% to 24.97% (highest in PER1005851), with a high phosphorus content (616.70 mg/100 g in CP0112) and an iron content consistent with the range reported for the species (7.60 mg/100 g in CP0063). Multivariate analysis confirmed that dark seed-coat pigmentation is a phenotypic indicator of greater nutraceutical potential. It is concluded that Amazonian cowpea is a functional food with a dense nutritional profile, of interest for breeding and biofortification programs in the face of climate change.
Diversity of the peruvian andean maize (zea mays L.) race Cabanita: Polyphenols, carotenoids, in vitro antioxidant capacity, and physical characteristics
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-09-29) Fuentes Cardenas, Iraida Sara; Cuba Puma, Rody; Marcilla Truyenque, Shaneri; Begazo Gutiérrez, Huber Juan; Zolla, Gastón; Fuentealba, Claudia; Shetty, Kalidas; Gálvez Ranilla, Lena
The high diversity of the Peruvian Andean maize (Zea mays L.) represents a biological and genetic heritage relevant for food security, but few studies are targeted toward its characterization and consequent valorization and preservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the Peruvian Andean maize race Cabanita with respect to its bioactive profiles (free and bound phenolic and carotenoid composition), physical characteristics, and in vitro antioxidant properties. Maize landraces with variable kernel pigmentation were collected from two provinces (Caylloma and Castilla) within the Arequipa region (among ten Andean sites) and the phytochemical profile was evaluated by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). All maize samples were important sources of phenolic compounds mainly soluble p-coumaric and ferulic acid derivatives whereas anthocyanins were only detected in maize with partially red pigmented kernels. Major phenolic compounds in the bound phenolic fractions were ferulic acid and its derivatives along with p-coumaric acid. Carotenoid compounds including xanthophylls such as lutein, lutein isomers, and zeaxanthin were only detected in orange and white-yellow pigmented maize and are reported for the first time in Peruvian landraces. The multivariate analysis using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) revealed low variability of all data which may indicate a level of similarity among maize samples based on evaluated variables. However, maize grown in Caylloma province showed more homogeneous physical characteristics and higher yield, whereas higher phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity were observed in maize from Castilla. Samples CAY (yellow-pigmented kernel, Castilla) and COM (orange-pigmented kernel, Caylloma) had the highest total phenolic (246.7 mg/100 g dried weight basis, DW) and carotenoid (1.95 μg/g DW) contents among all samples. The variable Andean environmental conditions along with differences in farming practices may play a role and should be confirmed with further studies. Current results provide the metabolomic basis for future research using integrated omics platforms targeted toward the complete characterization of the ethnic-relevant maize race Cabanita.
Integrated metabolite analysis and health-relevant in vitro functionality of white, red, and orange maize (Zea mays L.) from the Peruvian Andean race Cabanita at different maturity stages
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-02-28) Gálvez Ranilla, Lena; Zolla, Gastón; Afaray Carazas, Ana; Vera Vega, Miguel; Huanuqueño, Hugo; Begazo Gutiérrez, Huber Juan; Chirinos, Rosana; Pedreschi, Romina; Shetty, Kalidas
The high maize (Zea mays L.) diversity in Peru has been recognized worldwide, but the investigation focused on its integral health-relevant and bioactive characterization is limited. Therefore, this research aimed at studying the variability of the primary and the secondary (free and dietary fiber-bound phenolic, and carotenoid compounds) metabolites of three maize types (white, red, and orange) from the Peruvian Andean race Cabanita at different maturity stages (milk-S1, dough-S2, and mature-S3) using targeted and untargeted methods. In addition, their antioxidant potential, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities relevant for hyperglycemia management were investigated using in vitro models. Results revealed a high effect of the maize type and the maturity stage. All maize types had hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids in their free phenolic fractions, whereas major bound phenolic compounds were ferulic acid, ferulic acid derivatives, and p-coumaric acid. Flavonoids such as luteolin derivatives and anthocyanins were specific in the orange and red maize, respectively. The orange and red groups showed higher phenolic ranges (free + bound) (223.9–274.4 mg/100 g DW, 193.4– 229.8 mg/100 g DW for the orange and red maize, respectively) than the white maize (162.2–225.0 mg/100 g DW). Xanthophylls (lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, and a lutein isomer) were detected in all maize types. However, the orange maize showed the highest total carotenoid contents (3.19–5.87 μg/g DW). Most phenolic and carotenoid compounds decreased with kernel maturity in all cases. In relation to the primary metabolites, all maize types had similar fatty acid contents (linoleic acid > oleic acid > palmitic acid > α-linolenic acid > stearic acid) which increased with kernel development. Simple sugars, alcohols, amino acids, free fatty acids, organic acids, amines, and phytosterols declined along with grain maturity and were overall more abundant in white maize at S1. The in vitro functionality was similar among Cabanita maize types, but it decreased with the grain development, and showed a high correlation with the hydrophilic free phenolic fraction. Current results suggest that the nutraceutical characteristics of orange and white Cabanita maize are better at S1 and S2 stages while the red maize would be more beneficial at S3.