Examinando por Materia "Andes peruanos"

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Boosting biomass and leaf area with biol: morphological and yield responses of Pennisetum in the Peruvian highlands
(MDPI, 2026-03-31) Huaman Lizana, Darwin; Tarifa, Waldyr; Rodriguez, Misael; Tecsi Taipe, Sayda; López Mendoza, Yolvi; Ruiz Llontop, Deysi; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo; Vásquez, Héctor V.; Mejía, Flor L.; Paucar, Ysai
The intensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture contributes to environmental pollution, which has driven the search for sustainable alternatives such as organic fertilizers. Among these, biofertilizer has garnered interest due to its potential to improve crop growth and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of biofertilizer: Bio Chumbinia (standardized) and traditional biofertilizer, as well as a control treatment (water), on the morphology, growth, yield, and leaf area of Maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp.). Morphological and growth variables were measured every 14 days, while yield and leaf area were evaluated in two successive periods corresponding to 42 days of growth. The results indicated that most morphological and growth parameters were significantly influenced by treatment, time, and evaluation (p < 0.05), except for tiller number, blade number, and the blade emergence rate (p > 0.05). Bio Chumbinia showed superior values compared with the control at 6.0 cm for plant height, 0.1 cm/day in the growth rate, 4.1 cm for blade length, and 1.2 mm for blade width; when compared with the traditional biol, the values were similar. The growth rate and leaf emergence peaked on day 14 and subsequently declined. The fresh and dry matter yields were consistently higher on Bio Chumbinia treatment than others (p < 0.05). Although no differences were found for blade weight and leaf area between Bio Chumbinia and the control, the leaf area in Bio Chumbinia was 1400 cm2 more than the control. The second evaluation showed improved productivity, which is consistent with the higher values on the morphological characteristics. No differences were observed in the leaf-to-stem + sheath dry matter ratio. These results demonstrate the potential of Bio Chumbinia to improve the productive performance of Maralfalfa as a foliar fertilizer in sustainable agricultural systems in Peru.
Co-inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and Azospirillum brasilense outperforms nitrogen fertilisation in terms of yield, crude protein content, and profitability of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation in the Peruvian Andes
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-08-20) Bellido Tenorio, Enrique; Alarcón Romani, Susan Milagros; Condori Ataupillco, Leivi Tatiana; Palomino-Espinoza, Claudio Carlos; Rengifo Sanchez, Raihil Rabindranath; Erazo Huarache, José Manuel; García Blásquez, Cayo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a key crop for food security in communities of the Peruvian Andes; however, its productivity is constrained by low soil fertility and the high cost of nitrogen fertilisers. In this context, the effects of co-inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (strain Ar-014) and Azospirillum brasilense (strain Az-007) on crop yield, crude protein content, and economic profitability were evaluated in comparison with conventional nitrogen fertilisation. The study was conducted at the Canaan Agrarian Experimental Station (Ayacucho, Peru; 2,750 m.a.s.l.) using a randomised complete block design with five treatments and four replicates: T01 (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae inoculation), T02 (Azospirillum brasilense inoculation), T03 (co-inoculation), T04 (mineral-N comparator, 82.5 kg N ha⁻¹), and T05 (uninoculated and unfertilised control). The results showed that T03 (co-inoculation) significantly outperformed nitrogen fertilisation (T04) (p < 0.01), achieving higher green pod yield (6.73 vs 5.63 t ha⁻¹), crude protein content (24.28 vs 23.67%), and economic profitability (262.75 vs 176.78%). Furthermore, T03 recorded the highest values for root length (21.73 cm), number of nodules per plant (20.27), and number of seeds per pod (6.07). Individual inoculation treatments (T01 and T02) also improved specific agronomic traits, such as aboveground biomass and number of pods per plant, respectively, although neither surpassed the performance of the co-inoculation treatment (T03). The Relative Yield Index (RYI_N) in the inoculated treatments was 16.85–19.49% higher than that observed under nitrogen fertilization. Overall, these results indicate that co-inoculation with R. leguminosarum b. viciae and A. brasilense (T03) represents a promising alternative to conventional nitrogen fertilization for green pea production under the evaluated high-Andean conditions, improving agronomic performance and economic profitability.
Comparative analysis of morphology, resource allocation, and nutritional characteristics in populations of Festuca dolichophylla cultivated in the Andean region of Peru
(MDPI, 2026-02-03) Paucar, Ysai; Paucar, Samuel Porfirio; Mejía, Flor Lidomira; Vásquez, Héctor Vladimir; Zagaceta, Luis Homero; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo; Yoplac, Ives; Flores, Enrique Ricardo; Contreras, José Luis; Argote Quispe, Gregorio Fructuoso; Yalli Huamaní, Teodoro Bill; Aguirre, Lucrecia
Grasslands are ecosystems of global importance; in Peru, they represent more than half of the country's territory. However, few studies have been conducted on high Andean grasslands. The objective was to study morphological, productive, resource allocation, and nutritional characteristics in five populations of Festuca dolichophylla grown under similar conditions. Populations that originated from Huancavelica Community and University, Junín, Pasco, and Puno were grown in Huancavelica Community in a randomized block design. After twelve months, a uniformization cut was performed, and five months later they were evaluated. Morphological characteristics, productivity, and resource allocation were analyzed with ANCOVA, the nutritional characteristics were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (considering population as a factor). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for morphological characteristics such as height, number and length of stems, and number of inflorescences. The resource allocation was 13.8% root, 18.4% crown, 29.2% culms + sheaths, 34.8% blades, and 3.8% inflorescence, with no differences between populations (p > 0.05). The Puno population stood out for its greater biomass, linked to more stems and inflorescences. Nutritional characteristics varied among populations in terms of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility. These findings are useful for selecting populations in revegetation or genetic breeding programs.
Cultivares de maíz morado de alto rendimiento y contenido de antocianinas en la región Cajamarca, Perú
(Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, 2022-05-07) Rabanal Atalaya, Melissa; Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth
El maíz morado contiene como principal metabolito secundario a las antocianinas, pertenecientes al grupo de los flavonoides polifenolicos, responsables de muchas actividades biológicas principalmente de la actividad antioxidante alta. Se busca identificar maíces morados con buena producción de grano y contenido de antocianinas en el olote y brácteas que generen más ingresos a los productores de la región Cajamarca en Perú, usando tres cultivares en cuatro localidades de la región Cajamarca en Perú. Los resultados muestran el mejor ambiente de producción fue Chala, donde se registró la mayor producción de grano fue en los cultivares INIA-601 (4.38 t ha-1) y MM (3.75 t ha-1). Los mismos cultivares tuvieron las más altas concentraciones de antocianinas tanto en el olote y en las brácteas, con valores de 7.9 y 4.53 mg g-1 para INIA-601 y 7.2 y 2.1 mg g-1 para MM respectivamente, sugiriéndolos como variedades potenciales por el alto rendimiento y contenido de antocianinas.
Cultivo de maíz morado (Zea mays L.) en zona altoandina de Perú - Adaptación e identificación de cultivares de alto rendimiento y contenido de antocianina
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2020-08-26) Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth; Narro León, Luis Alberto; Chávez Galarza, Alexander
El maíz morado (Zea mays L.) originado de la raza Kculli, es propio de los valles interandinos y se cultiva hasta 3000 m.s.n.m.; es único en el mundo por poseer un color morado oscuro en el grano y otras partes de la planta. El color está determinado por antocianinas como la cianidina-3-glucósido. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la producción de grano y la cantidad de antocianinas en la coronta y brácteas de seis cultivares de maíz morado. El contenido de antocianinas se determinó a través de la absorbancia del pigmento por HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Los cultivares se sembraron en 28 localidades del departamento de Cajamarca (Perú), entre 2016 y 2019. Los resultados muestran que la mayor producción de grano (2,77 t ha-1) y la mayor concentración de antocianinas en corontas (6,12) y brácteas (3,18 mg/100 g de cianidina-3-glucósido) se obtiene sembrando la variedad INIA 601; con esta alternativa tecnológica el agricultor podría establecer un agronegocio rentable ya que podría obtener ingresos cuatro veces mayores que vendiendo solo grano de otros tipos de maíz.