Examinando por Autor "Van Zonneveld, Maarten J."

Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7

Capsaicinoids, flavonoids, tocopherols, antioxidant capacity and color attributes in 23 native Peruvian chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) grown in three different locations
(Springer Nature, 2014-09-12) Meckelmann, Sven W.; Riegel, Dieter W.; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Mueller Seitz, Erika; Petz, Michael
Twenty-three Peruvian chili pepper accessions, belonging to the four domesticated species Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens, were grown under different meteorological conditions and agricultural practices in three Peruvian locations (Chiclayo, Piura and Pucallpa). Results are reported for powdered oven-dried bulk samples of each accession and each location by important quality attributes (capsaicinoids, flavonoids, tocopherols, antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, extractable color (ASTA 20.1) and surface color). Multivariate data evaluation by principle component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis did not show any underlying structure. Moreover, a high influence of the environment on the analyzed traits could be demonstrated by analysis of variance. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) between the accessions and all locations were observed for all traits. Besides, significant interaction between accessions and locations indicated that the accessions responded differently to changes of the locations. The calculation of an environmental impact factor allowed differing between chili peppers provided consistent phytochemical levels widely independent of the location or those that provided exceptional high levels for a specific trait at one of the locations.
Catálogo de ajíes (Capsicum spp.) peruanos promisorios conservados en el banco de semillas del INIA - Perú
(Bioversity International, 2013) Libreros, Dimary; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Petz, Michael; Meckelmann, Sven W.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Amaya, Karen; Ramírez, Marleni
El catálogo resume los resultados de estudios agromorfológicos y bioquímicos hechos para un grupo de 35 accesiones de las 39 promisorias de ajíes del banco de semillas del INIA sembradas y caracterizadas en cuatro localidades diferentes, en regiones con un alto potencial para la producción de ajíes: Huaral, Tambo Grande, Piura y Chiclayo, y en la Amazonia peruana: Pucallpa y Ucayali, con la idea de estudiar su comportamiento en los diferentes ambientes.
Compositional Characterization of Native Peruvian Chili Peppers (Capsicum spp.)
(American Chemical Society, 2013-02-14) Meckelmann, Sven W.; Riegel, Dieter W.; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Ugás, Roberto; Quinonez, Lourdes; Mueller Seitz, Erika; Petz, Michael
The national Capsicum germplasm bank of Peru at INIA holds a unique collection of more than 700 Capsicum accessions, including many landraces. These conserved accessions have never been thoroughly characterized or evaluated. Another smaller collection exists at UNALM, and CIDRA provided taxonomically characterized fruits from the Amazon region of Ucayali. Of these collections, 147 accessions have been selected to represent the biodiversity of Peruvian Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum frutescens by morphological traits as well as by agronomic characteristics and regional origin. All fruits from the selected accessions have been oven-dried and ground in Peru and analyzed in Germany. Results are reported for each accession by total capsaicinoids and capsaicinoid pattern, total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, specific flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin), fat content, vitamin C, surface color, and extractable color. A wide variability in phytochemical composition and concentration levels was found.
Exploration of underutilized crop diversity of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru
(2014-06) Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ramírez, Marleni; Williams, David E.; Petz, Michael; Meckelmann, Sven W.; Avila, Teresa; Bejarano Martinez, Carlos; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Libreros, Dimary; Scheldeman, Xavier
The genus Capsicum is a highly diverse complex of domesticated and wild species that displays abundant variation in its main center of domestication and diversity in Bolivia and Peru but that remains under-researched. New collecting expeditions undertaken in 2010 by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) in Peru and the Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogenéticas de Pairumani (CIFP) in Bolivia have significantly increased the size of the collections. INIA Peru now maintains 712 accessions of the five domesticated species, making it one of the largest and most diverse national collections of native Capsicum pepper varieties in the world. The collection in Bolivia contains 492 accessions, including the five domesticated species, four wild species, and one wild botanical variety of a domesticated species. We report on the identification of promising native Capsicum germplasm for potential use in the development of differentiated products. Identification of promising material representative of native Capsicum diversity in both collections followed several steps: (1) Identification of a core collection of nearly 100 accessions per country representing the different species and their geographic distribution. Dried samples of these accessions were biochemically screened for commercially interesting attributes including capsaicinoid content, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids, lipid content and color; (2) Based on results of the biochemical screening, sub-sets of 44 Bolivian and 39 Peruvian accessions were selected, representing the different species and variation in biochemical attributes; and (3) The selected materials were grown in different environments to identify the agro-ecological conditions were they best express the special properties of commercial interest. The biochemical screening and agromorphological characterization and evaluation revealed that Capsicum accessions from Bolivia and Peru have unique combinations of functional attributes, confirming that a wealth of commercially valuable properties can be found in Capsicum’s primary center of diversity. This study was financed by GIZ.
Mapping Genetic Diversity of Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.): Application of Spatial Analysis for Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources
(Universidad de Umeå, 2012-01-09) Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Scheldeman, Xavier; Escribano, Pilar; Viruel, María A.; Van Damme, Patrick; García, Willman; Tapia, César; Romero, José; Sigüeñas Saavedra, Segundo Manuel; Hormaza, José I.
There is a growing call for inventories that evaluate geographic patterns in diversity of plant genetic resources maintained on farm and in species' natural populations in order to enhance their use and conservation. Such evaluations are relevant for useful tropical and subtropical tree species, as many of these species are still undomesticated, or in incipient stages of domestication and local populations can offer yet-unknown traits of high value to further domestication. For many outcrossing species, such as most trees, inbreeding depression can be an issue, and genetic diversity is important to sustain local production. Diversity is also crucial for species to adapt to environmental changes. This paper explores the possibilities of incorporating molecular marker data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to allow visualization and better understanding of spatial patterns of genetic diversity as a key input to optimize conservation and use of plant genetic resources, based on a case study of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.), a Neotropical fruit tree species. We present spatial analyses to (1) improve the understanding of spatial distribution of genetic diversity of cherimoya natural stands and cultivated trees in Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru based on microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs); and (2) formulate optimal conservation strategies by revealing priority areas for in situ conservation, and identifying existing diversity gaps in ex situ collections. We found high levels of allelic richness, locally common alleles and expected heterozygosity in cherimoya's putative centre of origin, southern Ecuador and northern Peru, whereas levels of diversity in southern Peru and especially in Bolivia were significantly lower. The application of GIS on a large microsatellite dataset allows a more detailed prioritization of areas for in situ conservation and targeted collection across the Andean distribution range of cherimoya than previous studies could do, i.e. at province and department level in Ecuador and Peru, respectively.
Phytochemicals in native Peruvian Capsicum pubescens (Rocoto)
(Springer Nature, 2015-07-29) Meckelmann, Sven W.; Jansen, Christian; Riegel, Dieter W.; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Mueller Seitz, Erika; Petz, Michael
Peru is considered a hotspot with maybe the highest diversity of domesticated chili peppers. Capsicum pubescens is the least explored domesticated chili pepper, especially with regard to its chemical composition. Thirty-two different C. pubescens (Rocoto) accessions, out of the national Peruvian Capsicum germplasm collection at the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, were selected for investigating the phytochemical content and its variability. After drying and milling, the fruits were analyzed for the three major capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin), flavonoid aglycons (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin), total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, tocopherol (α-, β- and γ-) content, fat content, ascorbic acid content, surface color and extractable color. The concentrations for selected traits ranged as follows: total capsaicinoids from 55 to 410 mg/100 g (corresponding to ca. 8400–60,000 SHU), total polyphenols from 1.8 to 2.5 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g, antioxidant capacity from 2.4 to 4.6 mmol Trolox/100 g and tocopherols from 6.8 to 18.4 mg/100 g. Only very few of the accessions contained detectable amounts of the major chili flavonoid quercetin. The results indicate that C. pubescens is generally less diverse and exhibits a lower content of almost all analyzed traits when compared to 147 Peruvian chili pepper accessions belonging to the other four domesticated species.
Screening Genetic Resources of Capsicum Peppers in Their Primary Center of Diversity in Bolivia and Peru
(Boris Alexander Vinatzer, Virginia Tech, UNITED STATES, 2015-09-24) Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ramírez, Marleni; Williams, David E.; Petz, Michael; Meckelmann, Sven W.; Avila, Teresa; Bejarano Martinez, Carlos; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Jäger, Matthias; Libreros, Dimary; Amaya, Karen; Scheldeman, Xavier
For most crops, like Capsicum, their diversity remains under-researched for traits of interest for food, nutrition and other purposes. A small investment in screening this diversity for a wide range of traits is likely to reveal many traditional varieties with distinguished values. One objective of this study was to demonstrate, with Capsicum as model crop, the application of indicators of phenotypic and geographic diversity as effective criteria for selecting promising genebank accessions for multiple uses from crop centers of diversity. A second objective was to evaluate the expression of biochemical and agromorphological properties of the selected Capsicum accessions in different conditions. Four steps were involved: 1) Develop the necessary diversity by expanding genebank collections in Bolivia and Peru; 2) Establish representative subsets of ~100 accessions for biochemical screening of Capsicum fruits; 3) Select promising accessions for different uses after screening; and 4) Examine how these promising accessions express biochemical and agromorphological properties when grown in different environmental conditions. The Peruvian Capsicum collection now contains 712 accessions encompassing all five domesticated species (C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens). The collection in Bolivia now contains 487 accessions, representing all five domesticates plus four wild taxa (C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. caballeroi, C. cardenasii, and C. eximium). Following the biochemical screening, 44 Bolivian and 39 Peruvian accessions were selected as promising, representing wide variation in levels of antioxidant capacity, capsaicinoids, fat, flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetins, tocopherols, and color. In Peru, 23 promising accessions performed well in different environments, while each of the promising Bolivian accessions only performed well in a certain environment. Differences in Capsicum diversity and local contexts led to distinct outcomes in each country. In Peru, mild landraces with high values in health-related attributes were of interest to entrepreneurs. In Bolivia, wild Capsicum have high commercial demand.