Examinando por Autor "Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio"

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Characterization of goat production systems in the Amazonian dry tropical forest of Peru through multivariate analysis
(Frontiers, 2025-10-21) Rodríguez Vargas, Aníbal Raúl; Tafur Gutiérrez, Lucinda; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Alva Tafur, Gudelio; Castañeda Palomino, Katherine Milagros; Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Barrantes Campos, Cecilio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
The study aimed to characterize goat production systems in the tropical dry forest of Peru through multivariate analysis of 25 socioeconomic and productive variables in 60 producers from Bagua Grande, El Milagro, Cajaruro, and Cumba. Descriptive analysis, multidimensional scaling (stress = 0.03272), categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied. A predominance of extensive management (98.3%), with low technical assistance (81.7%), absence of irrigation (90%), and visual selection of animals (100%) was identified. Marketing responds to immediate economic needs (36.7%), while vaccination coverage is poor (88.3% not vaccinated). CATPCA explained 54.5% of the variance (Cronbach's alpha = 0.965), highlighting producer education, infrastructure, and access to water and energy as key factors for improving production efficiency and mitigating commercial seasonality. HCA identified two goat production systems: the improved extensive system (EES) and the traditional extensive system (TES). The EES grouped older and more experienced producers, with larger herds, higher sales weights, greater specialization, forage diversification, better infrastructure, and higher deworming frequency. In contrast, the TES included younger producers with smaller herds, lower sales weights, lower educational levels, agricultural dependence, less forage diversity, limited infrastructure, and limited sanitary measures. These differences highlight the impact of knowledge and technological development on productive sustainability. It is concluded that technological development, access to resources, and production experience are key to improving the efficiency and sustainability of goat systems in the tropical dry forests of Peru.
Creole goat morphological diversity partially mirrors district-level variation in the seasonally dry forest of Piura in Peru
(Public Library of Science, 2025-12-31) Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio; Gonzales Guevara, Pablo Ross; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Livestock systems in marginal ecosystems such as seasonally dry forests (SDFs) face increasing sustainability challenges, yet the role of morphology in mediating animal adaptation to local environmental and management conditions remains underexplored. In the Piura region of northern Peru—home to the country's most extensive SDF and its leading hub of goat production—Creole goats represent a diverse and under-characterized resource shaped by natural and human selection. Despite Creole goats' relevance, little is known about the spatial structure of their phenotypic variation or how it may signal emerging regional morphotypes. Addressing this gap, we conducted a comprehensive morphometric analysis of 617 female Creole goats across three distinct districts within Piura's SDF. Using linear body measurements (LBMs), morphometric indices, and multivariate analyses, we revealed significant district-level phenotypic differentiation. Goats from Catacaos exhibited consistently larger body dimensions and higher compactness indices, forming a distinct cluster in hierarchical analyses and suggesting the emergence of a localized morphotype. Notably, this phenotypic pattern was largely driven by animals from four specific farmers, pointing to the potential influence of herd-level management practices or breeding history. Despite this within-district heterogeneity, the Catacaos subgroup remained clearly differentiated from goats in Lancones. Principal component analysis of LBMs identified a dominant size axis explaining over 70% of variance, with Catacaos goats diverging along this dimension. In contrast, morphometric indices showed weaker discriminatory power. These findings suggest that LBMs outperform derived indices in capturing fine-scale phenotypic structure and may reflect both ecological adaptation and management-driven selection. Our results underscore the potential of morphometric profiling for identifying regionally adapted livestock types and lay the groundwork for future geographic indication schemes that valorize local biodiversity and support rural livelihoods.
Genomic characterization of Peruvian Creole goats: insights into population structure and runs of homozygosity
(Animals, 2025-09-02) Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Godoy Padilla, David José; Sessarego Dávila, Emmanuel Alexander; Temoche Socola, Victor Alexander; Paredes Chocce, Miguel Enrique; Escobar Robledo, Héctor Manuel; Ramírez Antaurco, Máximo Fabricio; Burgos Paz, William; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Mulim, Enrique A.; Rojas de Oliveira, Hinayah
Peruvian Creole goats (PCGs) represent a unique genetic resource shaped by adaptation to diverse environments and traditional breeding practices. In this study, we performed a genomic analysis of six regional populations (Ancash, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, Piura, and Tumbes) using high-density SNP genotype data. Principal component analysis revealed a moderate genetic structure, with the Ica population showing clear separation and northern populations exhibiting overlap. Runs of homozygosity were predominantly short, and specific regions on chromosome 6 were shared across populations. Inbreeding coefficients were generally low, with Ancash showing the highest values. Linkage disequilibrium decayed rapidly over genetic distance, especially in Piura, indicating higher genetic diversity. Estimates of effective population size revealed decreasing trends across populations, with Piura maintaining the largest recent population size. These findings offer valuable insights into the population structure of Peruvian Creole goats, providing guidance for conservation and sustainable breeding efforts.
Morphological divergence of Creole goats across Peruvian ecosystems
(Elsevier Ltd., 2026-07-18) Haro Reyes, José Antonio; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Paredes Chocce, Miguel Enrique; Temoche Socola, Víctor Alexander; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alexandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Peruvian Creole goats constitute a genetically distinct population shaped by long-term crossbreeding and adaptation. Peru spans ecological gradients that likely drive regional phenotypic differentiation, yet the morphometric basis remains poorly resolved. We assessed the concordance between morphometric structuring of goats, ecosystem distribution, and regional origin. Body weight (BW) and seven linear body measurements (LBM) were recorded in 515 adult female goats sampled across five ecosystems and seven regions. Low-dimensional structure for BW and LBM was explored using uniform manifold approximation and projection with k-means clustering, and cluster separability was assessed using a linear support vector machine. Six body conformation indices supported body-type interpretation. Four morphometric clusters were identified, structured by Andean shrublands (AS), plains seasonally dry forest (PSDF), and inter-Andean seasonally dry forest (IASDF). Clusters C1 and C3 were dominated by AS goats (77% and 79%, respectively), revealing two morphotypes: a convexilinear form with elevated pelvic indices (C1) and a lighter, shorter, longilinear form (C3). Clusters C2 and C4 were mainly formed by PSDF (54%) and IASDF goats (66%), respectively, with C2 characterized by greater stature and thoracic robustness, and C4 by a narrower pelvic conformation. In contrast, goats from the other ecosystems exhibited greater heterogeneity. Each cluster was dominated by >60% of goats from a single region, with C1, C2, C3, and C4 associated with Ica, Piura, Ayacucho, and Amazonas, respectively. These findings establish the first ecosystem-based national morphometric framework for Peruvian Creole goats, linking body conformation to ecological and geographic context and informing conservation and potential geographical indications.
Optimizing harvest stage and drying time to enhance yield and nutritive quality of whole-plant Tithonia diversifolia forage meal in arid tropics
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-09-19) Temoche Socola, Victor Alexander; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Rodríguez Vargas, Aníbal Raúl; Vásquez García, Cesar Alejandro; Riojas, Joel; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Introduction: Tithonia diversifolia, also known as Mexican sunflower, is a tropical shrub with high forage potential, but limited information exists on the optimal harvest stage to balance yield and nutritional value. Methods: A 3 × 3 factorial design was implemented under tropical dry forest conditions in northern Peru, combining three regrowth stages (30, 45, and 60 days) with three plant fractions (leaf, stem, and leaf–stem mixture), with four replicates per treatment. Agronomic traits, dry matter yield, proximate composition, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were evaluated. Results: Biomass yield increased significantly with harvest age, reaching 11.93 kg fresh weight and 3.45 kg dry matter per plant at 60 days, although with reduced nutritional quality due to a higher stem proportion. Leaves harvested at 30 days had the highest crude protein (16.5%) and soluble carbohydrates (48.2%) with the lowest crude fiber (19.3%). In contrast, the 45-day leaf samples achieved the highest IVDMD (62.34 ± 1.42%). A strong positive correlation was observed between leaf area and biomass yield (r = 0.93), and a moderate negative correlation with digestibility (r = –0.42). Discussion: Harvesting at 45 days provided the best compromise between biomass production and nutritional value. These findings highlight the potential of T. diversifolia as a strategic forage alternative for sustainable feeding systems in tropical dry environments.
Phenotypic diversity and morphometric patterns of Creole goats in the Peruvian Amazonian: a multivariate approach
(Veterinary World, 2026-05-10) Rodríguez Vargas, Anibal Raul; Tafur Gutierrez, Lucinda; Sessarego Dávila, Emmanuel Alexander; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Barrantes Campos, Cecilio; Cruz Luis , Juancarlos Alejandro
Background and Aim: Creole goats (Capra hircus) constitute an important genetic resource in tropical production systems; however, their morphostructural characterization in the Peruvian Amazonian remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and morphometric characteristics, body indices, and multivariate structure of Creole goats to identify patterns of phenotypic variability and functional adaptation under extensive systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 149 adult Creole goats were evaluated across three districts (Bagua Grande, Cumba, and El Milagro). 15 qualitative traits and 31 morphometric variables were recorded using standardized protocols. Six ethnological indices; body index (BI), cephalic index (CI), facial index (FI), thoracic index (TI), pelvic index (PI), and proportionality index (PrI), and nine productive indices; thoracic metacarpus index (TMI), costal metacarpus index (CMI), posterior podal index, relative thoracic depth index (RTDI), transverse pelvic index, longitudinal pelvic index, compactness index (CoI), relative cane thickness index, and cane load index, were calculated. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Z-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s t-test, and Welch’s t-test. Relationships among indices were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate structure was explored using principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Significant sexual dimorphism was observed, with males showing higher body weight, greater skeletal robustness, and higher FI, TMI, and CoI, whereas females exhibited higher TI and distinct mammary traits. Ecotype differentiation revealed that longilinear goats had elongated conformations with lower PrI values, while brevilinear goats exhibited compact and robust structures with higher TMI, CMI, and cane load index values. Strong correlations were identified between BI and FI, as well as among productive indices such as TMI, RTDI, and CoI (p ≤ 0.001). PCA explained 57.4% of total variability, with body weight and thoracic-related measurements contributing most to the first component, confirming their importance in morphostructural differentiation. Conclusion: Creole goats in the Peruvian Amazonian exhibit high phenotypic variability and clear morphostructural differentiation influenced by sex, ecotype, and environment. Body measurements and indices provide reliable tools for field-based selection and characterization. The integration of morphometric and multivariate approaches offers a robust framework for genetic improvement, conservation, and sustainable management of goat populations in tropical production systems.
Predicting Pregnancy After Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination in Goats: Comparative Performance of Multivariable Logistic Regression and Random Forest Models
(MDPI, 2026-08-17) Rodríguez Vargas, Aníbal Raúl; Rivas Flores, Josselin Kelly; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Galván Cavero, Gerardo Antonio; Mendoza Ordoñez, Gilmar; Ortiz Morera, Narda Cecilia; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Accurate prediction of pregnancy following fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) remains challenging under commercial goat production conditions. This study compared multivariable logistic regression and Random Forest models for pregnancy prediction and used SHAP analysis to characterize predictor contributions. Data from 920 goats subjected to FTAI across four regions of Peru were analyzed using reproductive, hormonal, animal-level, and management variables. Logistic regression was developed after univariable screening, whereas Random Forest models used 500 trees with mtry values of 2, 3, and 4. Models were compared using stratified 10-fold cross-validation with identical folds. The mtry = 4 configuration yielded the highest Random Forest AUC. Logistic regression identified semen type, buck and doe breed, insemination site, and cervical mucus score as independent predictors. Chilled semen was associated with higher pregnancy odds, whereas superficial cervical insemination was associated with lower odds. Logistic regression outperformed Random Forest in discrimination (AUC, 0.761 vs. 0.654), accuracy (0.679 vs. 0.644), and specificity (0.882 vs. 0.782), whereas Random Forest showed higher sensitivity (0.369 vs. 0.278). SHAP analysis identified eCG dose, cervical mucus score, semen type, and insemination site as the most influential predictors. Overall, logistic regression provided superior and more consistent predictive performance, whereas Random Forest offered complementary sensitivity and captured nonlinear predictor contributions. These findings support logistic regression as the more effective predictive approach for pregnancy following FTAI under the conditions studied, with explainable machine learning providing complementary insight into prediction patterns.
Seasonal and dietary effects on the hematobiochemical parameters of creole goats in the Peruvian Andes
(MDPI, 2025-07-23) Rodriguez Vargas, Anibal Raul; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Castañeda Palomino, Katherine; Ormachea Sanchez, Huziel Héctor; Trillo Zarate, Fritz Carlos; Temoche Socola, Victor Alexander; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Creole goats have adapted to the harsh Andean environment, yet the physiological impacts of high-altitude production systems remain underexplored. This study assessed seasonal and dietary influences on the hematological and biochemical profiles of 45 Creole goats in the Peruvian Andes. The animals were assigned to three diets: D1 (grazing), D2 (grazing + 2000 g hay), and D3 (grazing + 400 g concentrate), across rainy and dry seasons. Biweekly blood sampling measured urea, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, WBCL, NeuP, LymP, HGB, and MCV. Season exerted the strongest influence (p < 0.001), with modest dietary effects and a consistent effect of sampling time. Urea, total protein, and albumin increased during the rainy season, though only urea responded significantly to diet. Leukocytosis rose in the dry season and with higher-protein diets, suggesting heightened immune activation under environmental stress. Hemoglobin peaked in the rainy season and early sampling, indicating better oxygenation. MCV and body weight were higher in the dry season, with weight unaffected by diet. These results underscore the complex interplay of environmental and nutritional factors in shaping goat physiology at high altitudes, emphasizing the importance of dynamic modeling in sustainable Andean livestock systems.