Examinando por Autor "Quispe Coquil, Violeta"

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Accumulation and health risk from heavy metals in agricultural crops in the Mantaro Valley in the central Andes of Peru
(Elsevier Inc., 2026-06-27) Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Quispe Coquil, Violeta; Camel, Vladimir; Tames, Miriam; Aguilar, Javier; Ayllón, Reginaldo; Valero Maraví, Sheyla; Rojas León, Ángeles; Peñaloza, Richard
Cultivation of food crops in soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) can pose serious risks to human health. In this study, we evaluated HMs accumulation in soils and agricultural products (corn, broad beans, artichoke and alfalfa), the degree of soil contamination, and the associated health risks from three food crops using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The results revealed elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soils, exceeding the maximum permissible limits established by both national and international standards. Soil contamination levels were particularly high for Cd, Pb and Zn. Ecological risk was also found to be very high for Cd, with artichoke-cultivated soils contributing most significantly to ecological risk. Alfalfa and artichoke tissues showed higher concentrations of As, Cd and Pb, whilst broad beans accumulated more Zn and Cu. Artichoke and alfalfa samples exceeded food safety limits for Pb. Artichoke, broad beans and corn are not HMs accumulators, as their accumulation factors were below 1. Non-carcinogenic health risks from broad beans consumption were close to the threshold hazard index of 1, suggesting a probability of adverse health effects due to HMs exposure. Broad beans and corn posed the highest carcinogenic risks, with unacceptable risk probabilities exceeding 55% in both children and adults. Arsenic and nickel showed the greatest contribution rates to carcinogenic risk in both groups. These findings suggest that food crops cultivated in HMs-contaminated soils present significant health risks for consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to adequately inform the population about these risks and to promote monitoring and management strategies that ensure food safety.
Effect of fertilization on the accumulation and health risk for heavy metals in native Andean potatoes in the highlands of Perú
(Elsevier, 2024-05-20) Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Camel Paucar, Vladimir Fernando; Yallico Madge, Luz Consuelo; Quispe Coquil, Violeta; Cosme De la Cruz, Roberto Carlos
Soil infertility is a global problem, amendments such as organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are used to improve crop yields. However, these fertilizers contain heavy metals as well as essential mineral elements. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in tubers. The plants were cultivated at an altitude of 3970 m using four treatments (poultry manure, alpaca manure, island guano and inorganic fertilizer) and a control group. Soil contamination levels and the degree of metal accumulation in the tubers were also determined. As a result, it was found that the use of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure increased the values of Cu and Zn in soils, exceeding the recommended standards. The accumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers did not exceed the maximum recommended limits with the exception of Pb, which exceeded the limit allowed by the FAO/WHO (0.1 mg kg−1). Poultry manure contributed to the highest accumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in tubers with 11.62±1.30, 3.48±0.20 and 0.12 ±0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The transfer of metals from the soil to the tubers was less than 1. Individual and total non-carcinogenic risk values were less than 1, indicating a safe level of consumption for children and adults. The cancer risk was found to be within an acceptable range. However, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments had the highest total cancer risk values in both age groups, suggesting a long-term carcinogenic risk.
Random Forest-based spatial distribution from heavy metals and associated with ecological and health risk assessment in agricultural soils of the Mantaro Valley, Peru
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-31) Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Quispe Coquil, Violeta; Mendoza Delgado, Katia; Valero Maraví, Sheila; Rojas León, Ángeles; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of agricultural soils in Andean valleys poses a critical threat to ecological integrity, food safety, and human health. This study assessed the spatial distribution, contamination levels, ecological and health risk (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) associated with Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and As in agricultural soils of the Mantaro Valley in the central Andes of Peru. A total of 306 topsoil samples were analyzed. Random Forest (RF) was used to model the spatial distribution of HM concentrations, integrating spectral, climatic, topographic, edaphic, and distance-related covariates. The RF models showed consistent but element-specific predictive performance. The values of R² ranged from 0.76 to 0.89, with the highest values for Pb and As and the lowest for Cu. Spatial predictions should be interpreted with consideration of the irregular sampling design and inherent uncertainties in spatial extrapolation. Mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, As, and Cd reached 1347.87, 439.91, 201.71, 90.69, and 4.27 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, exceeding both regulatory thresholds and local geochemical background values. Contamination indices revealed marked enrichment, particularly for As and Cd. Ecological risk was primarily driven by Cd and As, with 70.10% and 61.41% of samples classified as very high ecological risk for these elements, respectively. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index indicated a critical scenario with 71.7% of samples exceeding the very high-risk threshold. Human health risk assessment identified As as the main contributor to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, with children showing higher vulnerability than adults. These findings delineate priority agricultural areas where ecological risk and arsenic-related carcinogenic risk overlap, underscoring the urgent need for targeted soil monitoring, exposure reduction, and locally adapted risk management strategies in the Mantaro Valley.