Examinando por Autor "Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario"

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Evaluating soil cover strategies for enhancing water conservation, biomass contribution, and weed control in rocoto pepper (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) cultivation under arid conditions
(Frontiers Media S.A, 2025-11-11) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Cama Moreno, Elick Melissa; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Quello Huamani, Antony Arturo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Sustainable crop production in arid regions is challenged by soil moisture loss, low organic matter content, and intense weed competition. This study aimed to assess the impact of different mulching strategies on the main crop yield, soil moisture conservation, the contribution of dry biomass and nitrogen to the soil by living covers, and the efficacy of weed control. The experiment was conducted in Santa Rita de Siguas (Arequipa, Peru) using a completely randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates. Measurements included biometric and physiological parameters of rocoto pepper (Capsicum pubescens), volumetric soil moisture, dry biomass, and nitrogen content in living covers, as well as weed density. Results indicated that most treatments had no significant impact on the biometric and physiological parameters of rocoto. Plastic mulch reduced irrigation demand and suppressed weeds, although crop yield did not significantly differ among treatments. Among the living mulches, Trifolium pratense was more effective than Melilotus albus in conserving soil moisture, maintaining levels up to 15.86%. In contrast, Melilotus albus produced the highest above-ground dry biomass (8.57 t·h⁻¹), although both legume species accumulated similar amounts of nitrogen in their biomass. Both living covers gradually reduced weed populations, though without complete eradication. In conclusion, plastic mulch represents a potential option under conditions of severe water limitation. Meanwhile, leguminous cover crops, particularly M. albus, offer an alternative complementary strategy for enhancing soil organic matter and could promote long-term sustainability of the cropping system. These findings warrant extended temporal validation to confirm their reproducibility and reliability.
Fertigation with Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis: impact on growth and productivity of off-season quinoa grown in coastal Peru
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-02-18) Quello Huamani, Antony Arturo; Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a nutritionally valuable crop adapted to adverse agroclimatic conditions, but its production in arid regions such as the Peruvian coast is limited by water scarcity, low soil fertility, and heat stress. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from Pseudomonas and Bacillus offer a sustainable strategy to improve growth and yield. This study evaluated the impact of fertigation with Pseudomonas putida (P3 strain) and Bacillus subtilis (BacF strain) on the growth and yield of the Salcedo INIA quinoa variety cultivated out of season under arid environment. A split-plot design was implemented, in which the main-plot factor was microbial inoculation [inoculated (+) vs. non-inoculated (−)], while the subplot factor was synthetic fertilization (75% vs. 100% of the recommended NPK dose). Inoculation was performed at two time points during the crop cycle at a concentration of 1 × 10⁹ CFU mL⁻¹, whereas fertigation was applied at four-day intervals. Rhizobacterial inoculation significantly improved plant biometric characteristics, resulting in a 12% increase in dry biomass accumulation. Photosynthetic capacity increased, as indicated by higher leaf area index and SPAD values than uninoculated plants. Thus, the main effect of inoculation was the significant increase of yield potential (i.e. panicle weight increasing by 12% and thousand-grain weight increasing by 19%) with yield improvements significant at both fertilization levels. Despite these positive effects, high temperatures (>30 °C) during the growing season limited commercial yields [(+)100%: 2.20 ± 0.30 t ha⁻¹, (+)75%: 1.42 ± 0.19 t ha⁻¹, (-)100%: 1.50 ± 0.30 t ha⁻¹, (+)75%: 1.02 ± 0.13 t ha⁻¹]. This reduction is likely due to heat stress during flowering, which may have compromised pollen viability and grain set efficiency. The findings suggest that P. putida (P3 strain) and B. subtilis (BacF strain) are promising biotechnological tools for improving quinoa productivity in arid climates.
Manual para la fertilización del ajo y cebolla
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2025-08-27) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Villalta Soto, Martín Juan Carlos; Quello Huamaní, Antony Arturo; Pumaleque Sucasaca, Rene Solpicio; Vilca Gamarra, Cesar Francisco; Cama Moreno, Elick Melissa; Linares Escapa, Solmayra Franchesca
El INIA, a través de la Dirección de Servicios Estratégicos Agrarios (DSEA), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene entre sus objetivos evaluar alternativas tecnológicas para el manejo de suelos y agua en la producción agrícola En ese contexto, dos de los cultivos más emblemáticos del departamento de Arequipa son el ajo y la cebolla, los cuales desempeñan un papel fundamental en la economía local y la seguridad alimentaria. La producción sostenible de estos cultivos depende en gran medida de un manejo adecuado de la fertilidad del suelo. Por ello, se elaboró el presente Manual para la fertilización del ajo y la cebolla, basado en experiencias de investigación desarrolladas en la Estación Experimental Agraria Arequipa, así como en información documentada en bibliografía especializada. Este documento aborda los principios fundamentales de la fertilización, desde el muestreo de suelos y la identificación de los requerimientos nutricionales, hasta la formulación y aplicación de planes de fertilización específicos, según el tipo de suelo determinado por su respectivo análisis. ns; Ajo; Garlic
Soil quality in olive orchards of southern Peru using a weighted soil quality index (SQIw): constraints by salinity, organic matter and sustainable management approach
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-02-09) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Vilca Gamarra, César; Linares Escapa, Solmayra; Puma Huacani, Katherine; Carrillo, Alex; Villalta Soto, Martín J.C.; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando
Introduction: Soil salinization and alkalinization in the arid zones of southern Peru pose major challenges to agricultural sustainability, particularly in the olive orchards of Bella Unión, where irrigation relies on surface and groundwater of variable quality. This study aimed to assess soil quality and its spatial variability to support site-specific management in olive (Olea europaea L.) orchards. Methods: A total of 160 composite soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected from representative olive orchards and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (Pav), available potassium (Kav), texture, and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE). The Soil Quality Index (SQIw) was calculated and combined with multivariate and geostatistical analyses to identify key soil quality indicators and characterize their spatial variability. Results: Soils showed high variability in salinity (ECe = 1.30–24.61 dS m⁻¹) and organic matter content (0.50–3.10%), while pH was relatively homogeneous (6.90–8.40). According to the SQIw, 1.26% of soils were classified as Very Poor, 44.96% as Poor, 51.49% as Acceptable, 2.28% as Good, and 0.01% as Optimal. Electrical conductivity was the main factor controlling the SQIw. Discussion: These results indicate that salinity represents a major constraint for olive growth and productivity in the study area. Despite its lower weight in the SQIw, the generally low organic matter levels suggest limitations for soil fertility, water retention, and nutrient cycling, highlighting the need for organic amendments with low electrical conductivity. Nutrient management should also account for reduced nutrient availability under alkaline–saline conditions and the widespread organic matter deficiency. This study represents the first application of SQIw in Peruvian olive orchards and demonstrates its usefulness for delineating low-quality zones, guiding fertilization and soil recovery strategies, and promoting sustainable soil management in arid agroecosystems.