Examinando por Autor "Palomino Paccua, Luz Angélica"

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First metabarcoding characterization of seabird guano microbiomes along the Peruvian coast: environmental filtering shapes taxonomically simplified but functionally stable communities
(Research Square, 2026-05-05) Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Cántaro Segura, Héctor Baroni; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Calixto García, Anderson Rafael; López Pinto, María del Pilar; Ruiz Escobar, Vicente; Palomino Paccua, Luz Angélica; Calderón, Arturo; Salvatierra, Licia; Valdez, Renzo; Medina, Susan
Seabird guano from the islands off the Peruvian coast constitutes an organic fertilizer resource of recognized strategic importance; however, the microbial communities associated with this substrate had remained entirely uncharacterized. The present study provides the first comprehensive, cultureindependent characterization of bacterial and fungal communities in guano collected from 13 guanoproducing zones along the Peruvian coastline, encompassing deposits from the Guanay cormorant (Leucocarbo bougainvillii) and the Peruvian booby (Sula variegata), the two dominant and representative guano-producing bird species. Using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon metabarcoding, combined with physicochemical analysis and functional prediction through FAPROTAX, and FUNGuild, we found that bacterial communities were consistently dominated by Bacillota (> 90%), particularly the order Bacillales, with halotolerant and endospore-forming genera, among which Saccharomonospora was notably abundant; this genus exhibited the strongest positive correlation with potassium content (+ 0.80, p 95%), with Aspergillus as the only genus showing a significant positive differential-abundance signal in Guanay cormorant guano relative to Peruvian booby guano. Within this exploratory framework, although the overall composition of bacterial and fungal communities did not differ significantly between the two bird species, differential abundance analysis identified specific bacterial taxa, including Pseudomonas, Atopostipes, and Lentibacillus, as significantly enriched in Guanay cormorant guano, revealing microbial differences that, while subtle, are ecologically relevant across host species. The predicted functional profile suggested a broadly stable metabolic repertoire oriented towards organic matter mineralization and nitrogen transformation across samples. These findings provide a first microbiological baseline for the evidence-based management of Peruvian island guano as a sustainable biofertilization resource.
Use of vegetable covers as a strategy to reduce soil erosión and increase the yield of corn (Zea mays L.)
(Universidad de Tarapaca, 2023-12-31) Sanabria Quispe, Samuel; Mendoza Dávalos, Katia; Palomino Paccua, Luz Angélica; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Pocomucha, Vicente; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos
Soil degradation is a problem facing agriculture, with water being the most important erosive agent, affecting, among others, crop yields. The objective of this study was to know the effect of four plant covers on soil erosion and starchy corn yield, in three locations in the Ayacucho region (Peru) during the 2018 - 2019 agricultural season. Five treatments were assigned: control, clover cover, vetch cover, vetch-oat cover, and mulch, in corn plots under a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four blocks. Combined analysis of variance was used to evaluate the results. It was observed that soil erosion and corn yield were significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by plant cover and locations. Vetch-oat and clover cover significantly reduced soil erosion (–53 and –36%, respectively) due to the higher leaf biomass produced by both (6131 and 6052 kg ha–1, respectively). Clover cover produced the highest corn yield (3749 kg ha–1; +78%); while vetch-oats produced the lowest (1955 kg ha–1), without significant differences with the control. The highest production of biomass, N and C of the foliar coverages was produced in the location with the least slope; while the highest performance occurred in steeper areas. Clover cover turned out to be a better option to reduce soil erosion and increase corn yield.