Examinando por Autor "Oscco Laura, Persing"

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Divergent effects of a Bacillus biofertilizer immobilized in guinea pig manure biochar: Boosting productivity vs. enhancing nutritional quality in maca monocultures
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-03) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Carranza Ramirez, Ana; Vera Obando, Nora; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Arias Arredondo, Alberto Gilmer; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Saavedra Flores, Excela Elizabeth; Quispe Apaza , Cinthia Sheila; Mamani Rojas, Lizbeth Margarita; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Montes Osorio, Angel; Agapito Panta, Juan; Oscco Laura, Persing; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David
Intensive monoculture of maca (Lepidium meyenii) in the Peruvian Andes induces edaphic degradation, requiring sustainable amendments. We evaluated the agronomic and nutritional effects of a Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer immobilized in guinea-pig manure biochar, contrasting it with its individual components. A field experiment was conducted in Junín, Peru (4449 m a.s.l.) using a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control, biochar alone (3 L m⁻²), liquid B. subtilis (125 L ha⁻¹, 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹) and biochar + B. subtilis. Plant establishment, yield, nutritional quality, and hypocotyl nutrient content were evaluated. Results revealed a functional divergence between treatments. Biochar-based treatments (alone and combined) significantly increased plant density (up to 49 vs. 29 m⁻² in the control) and yield (1290–1500 vs. 550 kg ha⁻¹), associated with greater K accumulation (up to 22,252 mg kg⁻¹; p < 0.001). In contrast, B. subtilis alone primarily enhanced nutritional quality, resulting in the highest protein (3.88 g 100 g⁻¹) and fat (0.24 g 100 g⁻¹) contents. The combined treatment achieved the highest individual plant weight (10.1 g) and high yields; however, it did not retain the quality-related benefits, exhibiting the lowest protein content (3.34 g 100 g⁻¹). Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed this functional separation: biochar was associated with a mineral–productivity gradient, whereas B. subtilis aligned with a proximate–nutritional gradient. These findings indicate that biochar primarily acts as edaphic conditioner driving productivity, while B. subtilis enhances nutritional quality. The absence of full synergism in the combined treatment suggests independent modes of action, resulting in a yield–quality trade-off. This enables the design of differentiated fertilization strategies tailored either toward maximum productivity (biochar alone) or premium nutritional quality (B. subtilis alone).
Guía para el cultivo del hongo comestible Pleurotus spp. utilizando ichu (Jarava ichu) como sustrato
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2025-05-13) Oscco Laura, Persing; Dionisio Melo, Enmanuel Luis; Hermoza Ayme, Nilton Alexander; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
El INIA, a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene como uno de sus objetivos evaluar alternativas tecnológicas para el manejo de suelos y agua en la producción agrícola. Una de las actividades económicas de las zonas altoandinas es la ganadería, la cual depende directamente del aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales. Por ello, la conservación de los pastizales naturales, entre ellos los de ichu (Jarava ichu) es imprescindible para la sostenibilidad de esta actividad. Sin embargo, la quema tradicional del ichu es una actividad realizada para regenerar pasto y abrir nuevas áreas de cultivo, con un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente. Ante esta situación, el INIA viene trabajando de manera colaborativa con el Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR) en acciones para impulsar la economía de las comunidades rurales y evitar malas prácticas en los pastizales altoandinos de ichu. En ese sentido, se propone utilizar el ichu como sustrato para la producción de hongos comestibles (Pleurotus spp.), como una alternativa ecológica para el aprovechamiento de este recurso. La Guía para el cultivo de hongo comestible Pleurotus spp. utilizando ichu (Jarava ichu) como sustrato proporciona información sobre la biología del hongo, las características del sustrato y los insumos requeridos, además de una metodología detallada que abarca la preparación, sanitización, inoculación, incubación e inducción a la fructificación. Asimismo, incluye indicadores de productividad y recomendaciones para optimizar el cultivo, así como el aprovechamiento del sustrato agotado como abono orgánico. De esta manera, fomenta una gestión responsable de los recursos y la mejora continua de la producción agrícola.
Ichu valorization by pleurotus spp. cultivation and potential of the residual substrate as a biofertilizer
(MDPI, 2025-07-23) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Dionisio, Luis; Burga, Lyana; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Quispe Apaza, Cinthia Sheila; Oscco Laura, Persing; Johnson Pozo, Luis Fernando
The high-Andean grass Jarava ichu (Poaceae) plays a vital role in water regulation and aquifer recharge. However, its limited use is often linked to forest fires, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Therefore, this study aims to explore the valorization of ichu as a substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. (P. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, and P. ostreatus) and to evaluate the potential of the residual substrate as a biofertilizer, offering an ecological alternative to grassland burning in the Peruvian Andes. Samples of ichu from the district of Tomás (Lima, Peru) were used as culture substrate, analyzing productivity indicators such as crop cycle (CC), biological efficiency (BE), and production rate (PR), together with the nutritional profile of the fungi and the chemical properties of the residual substrate. The results showed an average biological efficiency of 19.8%, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) in CC, BE, or PR among the species, confirming the viability of ichu as a substrate. The fungi presented a high protein content (24.1–30.41% on a dry basis), highlighting its nutritional value. In addition, the residual substrate exhibited elevated levels of phosphorus (795.9–1296.9 ppm) and potassium (253.1–291.3 ppm) compared to raw ichu (0.11–7.77 ppm for both nutrients). Germination tests on radish seeds showed rates between 80% and 100%, without inhibition, supporting its potential as a biofertilizer. This study demonstrates the double potential of ichu as a substrate for the sustainable production of edible mushrooms of high nutritional value and as a source of biofertilizers.