Examinando por Autor "Oros, Oscar"

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Aislamiento e identificación molecular de cepas bacterianas anaeróbicas aisladas del compartimento 1 de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2025-02-28) Coila, Pedro; Romero Ávila, Yolanda Madelein; Sánchez, Diana; Oros, Oscar; Zapata, Celso; Flores, Nils; Estrada Cañari, Richard
El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar bacterias anaeróbicas aisladas del compartimento 1 del tracto digestivo de las alpacas. Se obtuvieron 4 aislamientos del licor (LC1) y 9 de la pared del compartimento (PC1) de los tractos digestivos. Los aislamientos de LC1 se cultivaron en agar Anaeróbico de Brewer (BA), y los aislamientos de PC1 en BA suplementado con L-cisteína. Los aislamientos anaeróbicos fueron sometidos a identificación mediante observación microscópica y pruebas bioquímicas, seguidas de la extracción de ADN bacteriano total. La amplificación se realizó utilizando cebadores 27F-1492R en el gen 16S ARNr, y se secuenció utilizando el método Sanger con un analizador de ADN ABI PRISM 3730XL. El análisis bioinformático reveló que las cepas correspondientes a la especie de LC1 eran cuatro Streptococcus equinus y de PC1 eran nueve Streptococcus vicugnae. En el análisis filogenético, las cepas de Streptococcus equinus formaron un clado monofilético con un valor de Bootstrap de 100 y Streptococcus vicugnae con 88. Las cepas revelaron una naturaleza estrictamente anaeróbica, destacando la complejidad de la taxonomía del género Streptococcus y enfatizando la necesidad de futuras investigaciones para aclarar su clasificación taxonómica
Genomic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from alpaca crias (Vicugna pacos) in the peruvian highlands: insights into functional diversity and pathogenicity
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Zapata, Celso; Rodriguez Perez, Lila Maciel; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madedein; Coila, Pedro; Hañari Quispe, Renán Dilton; Oros, Oscar; Zanabria, Víctor; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Rojas Cruz, Diórman; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Ortiz Morera, Narda Cecilia; Estrada Cañari, Richard
Diarrhea in alpaca crias significantly impacts livestock health in high-altitude regions, with Escherichia coli as a common pathogen. This study analyzed 10 E. coli isolates from diarrheic and healthy alpacas using whole-genome sequencing to assess genetic diversity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Predominant sequence types (ST73, ST29), serotypes (O22:H1, O109:H11), and phylogroups (B2, B1, A) were identified. Virulence profiling revealed ExPEC-like and EPEC pathotypes, while resistance genes for β-lactams (blaEC-15), fosfomycin (glpT_E448K), and colistin (pmrB) were prevalent. These findings highlight the need for genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to manage E. coli infections in alpacas and reduce public health risks.
Parasitism-induced changes in microbial eukaryotes of Peruvian alpaca gastrointestinal tract
(MDPI, 2024-01-27) Sanchez, Diana; Zapata Coacalla, Celso; Romero Avila, Yolanda; Flores Huarco, Nils Herber; Oros, Oscar; Alvarado Chuqui, Wigoberto; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Guevara Alvarado, Hada María; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Coila Añasco, Pedro Ubaldo
Alpacas, important genetic resources in the Andean region of Peru, are vulnerable to diarrhea caused by pathogenic parasites such as Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp., which can be fatal, especially in neonates, due to their physiological immaturity and limited adaptability. The study investigated the diversity and abundance of intestinal fungi and protists in alpacas infected with Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp. compared to healthy alpacas. A total of 19 alpacas, aged between one and two months, were included. They were divided into two groups, one with pathological conditions (nine) and the other healthy (ten). Parasitological analyses for the detection of parasites and subsequent molecular analysis were performed on the collected fecal samples. The results revealed a greater diversity and abundance of protists in infected alpacas in comparison with healthy alpacas, while the fungal composition did not show significant changes. Therefore, parasitic infections affect the protist component of the alpaca gut microbiota. Also, it was observed that Blastocystis was identified in all healthy alpacas, serving as a possible marker of the health of the intestinal microbiota; in addition, Prussia and Pichia are beneficial fungi that help control diseases. This groundbreaking study in neonatal alpacas is the first to explore potential changes in the intestinal microbiota during an infectious state, underscoring the importance of further research to comprehend its effects on alpaca health and immune responses.