Examinando por Autor "Orellana Mendoza, Edith"

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Accumulation and health risk from heavy metals in agricultural crops in the Mantaro Valley in the central Andes of Peru
(Elsevier Inc., 2026-06-27) Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Quispe Coquil, Violeta; Camel, Vladimir; Tames, Miriam; Aguilar, Javier; Ayllón, Reginaldo; Valero Maraví, Sheyla; Rojas León, Ángeles; Peñaloza, Richard
Cultivation of food crops in soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) can pose serious risks to human health. In this study, we evaluated HMs accumulation in soils and agricultural products (corn, broad beans, artichoke and alfalfa), the degree of soil contamination, and the associated health risks from three food crops using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The results revealed elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soils, exceeding the maximum permissible limits established by both national and international standards. Soil contamination levels were particularly high for Cd, Pb and Zn. Ecological risk was also found to be very high for Cd, with artichoke-cultivated soils contributing most significantly to ecological risk. Alfalfa and artichoke tissues showed higher concentrations of As, Cd and Pb, whilst broad beans accumulated more Zn and Cu. Artichoke and alfalfa samples exceeded food safety limits for Pb. Artichoke, broad beans and corn are not HMs accumulators, as their accumulation factors were below 1. Non-carcinogenic health risks from broad beans consumption were close to the threshold hazard index of 1, suggesting a probability of adverse health effects due to HMs exposure. Broad beans and corn posed the highest carcinogenic risks, with unacceptable risk probabilities exceeding 55% in both children and adults. Arsenic and nickel showed the greatest contribution rates to carcinogenic risk in both groups. These findings suggest that food crops cultivated in HMs-contaminated soils present significant health risks for consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to adequately inform the population about these risks and to promote monitoring and management strategies that ensure food safety.
Effect of fertilization on the accumulation and health risk for heavy metals in native Andean potatoes in the highlands of Perú
(Elsevier, 2024-05-20) Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Camel Paucar, Vladimir Fernando; Yallico Madge, Luz Consuelo; Quispe Coquil, Violeta; Cosme De la Cruz, Roberto Carlos
Soil infertility is a global problem, amendments such as organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are used to improve crop yields. However, these fertilizers contain heavy metals as well as essential mineral elements. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in tubers. The plants were cultivated at an altitude of 3970 m using four treatments (poultry manure, alpaca manure, island guano and inorganic fertilizer) and a control group. Soil contamination levels and the degree of metal accumulation in the tubers were also determined. As a result, it was found that the use of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure increased the values of Cu and Zn in soils, exceeding the recommended standards. The accumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers did not exceed the maximum recommended limits with the exception of Pb, which exceeded the limit allowed by the FAO/WHO (0.1 mg kg−1). Poultry manure contributed to the highest accumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in tubers with 11.62±1.30, 3.48±0.20 and 0.12 ±0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The transfer of metals from the soil to the tubers was less than 1. Individual and total non-carcinogenic risk values were less than 1, indicating a safe level of consumption for children and adults. The cancer risk was found to be within an acceptable range. However, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments had the highest total cancer risk values in both age groups, suggesting a long-term carcinogenic risk.
Growth, Productivity, and Biomass–Carbon Allometry in Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantations of Western Mexico
(MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2025-09-27) Ruiz Blandon, Bayron Alexander; Hernández Alvarez, Efrén; Martínez Trinidad, Tomás; Amaringo Cordova, Luiz Paulo; Ucañay Ayllon, Tatiana Mildred; Bernaola Paucar, Rosario Marilu; Hernández Plascencia, Gerardo; Orellana Mendoza, Edith
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a leading tropical plantation species valued for high-quality timber and carbon (C) storage. This study assessed stand growth across ages and sites, quantified biomass and C by tree component and stand, and developed DBH-based allometric equations for biomass and C estimation. Six stand ages (5, 6, 9, 11, 14, and 17 years) were assessed in three municipalities of Nayarit, Mexico. Dendrometric inventories in permanent plots and destructive sampling of 35 trees provided calibration data for leaves, branches, stem, and roots. C concentration was determined with an elemental analyzer, and nonlinear regression models were adjusted and validated. Stand biomass and C increased with age, peaking at ages 11–14 (>130 Mg ha⁻¹; >60 Mg C ha⁻¹), with lower values at age 17. San Blas and Rosamorada accumulated significantly more than Tuxpan, reflecting site quality. C concentration was stable across sites and ages, with stem and roots consistently ranging between 48% and 50%, and leaves and branches averaging 45%–46%. Allometric equations were most accurate for stem and total biomass/C (R² = 0.73–0.79), while foliage showed higher variability. On average, 60%–70% of biomass was allocated to the stem and 15%–20% to roots. Indicators were stable, with an aboveground-to-belowground ratio (A:B) ≈ 4.9 and a biomass expansion factor (BEF) ≈ 1.5. The current annual increment (CAI) presented two main peaks: ~20 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at ages 5–6 and ~11 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at ages 9–11, followed by a decline after age 14. Teak in western Mexico reaches peak productivity at ages 6–11, with belowground biomass essential for accurate C accounting.
Seedling Production of Retrophyllum rospigliosii in Nurseries and Potential Reforestation Areas Using Modeling Techniques
(MDPI, 2024-12-11) Camarena Yupanqui, Rozly Clarita; Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Bernaola Paucar, Rosario Marilu; Ames Martínez, Fressia Nathalie; Loardo Tovar, Harold; Quispe Melgar, Harold Rusbelth
The success of reforestation and restoration projects depends on several factors, with proper seedling management and the selection of an appropriate planting area being crucial. In Peru, the populations of Retrophyllum rospigliosii (Pilg.) C.N.Page (Ulcumano) have been decreasing due to intensive logging of one of the most valuable woods in South America's tropical forests. There are few studies that unify the production of plants through seeds in nurseries and the identification of suitable areas to place the plants produced. Our study has two components. The first aimed to optimize the plant production process through an experiment that evaluated the effects of three doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) (4.2, 8.4, and 12.6 g/L) and two container sizes (115 and 180 cc) on the morphological quality of seedlings in the nursery. The second component involved identifying potential reforestation areas using ecological niche modeling, based on climatic and edaphic variables. The results indicated that the 4.2 g/L CRF treatment for both container sizes had a significant positive effect on seedling growth. The average germination rate was 85% at 120 days. At six months after seedling transplantation, treatments of 4.2 g/L CRF in 115 cc and 180 cc containers were shown to have the best positive effect on morphological variables of seedlings, with a root collar diameter of 3.76 mm and a height of 13.25 cm. Regarding the potential niche models, an area of 6321.97 km² with ideal conditions for reforestation with R. rospigliosii was estimated, with the departments of Huánuco, Pasco, Junín, and Cusco showing the highest potential. Based on this, it is estimated that over three million plants are needed for large-scale reforestation projects. Integrating silvicultural studies with niche models is a valuable tool for supporting reforestation and ecosystem restoration projects.