Examinando por Autor "Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique"

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Agronomic and nutritional evaluation of INIA 910—Kumymarca ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): An alternative for sustainable forage production in department of Amazonas (NW Peru)
(MDPI, 2025-01-01) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Valqui, Leandro; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Trigoso, Milton J.; Zagaceta, Luis H.; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Saravia Navarro, David; Barboza, Elgar; Maicelo, Jorge L.
Grassland ecosystems cover about 25% of the Earth’s surface, providing essential ecosystem services that benefit nature, people, and food security. This study evaluated agronomic and nutritional parameters of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) based on fertilization levels and cutting frequency in the Amazonas department. The INIA 910—Kumymarca variety was used with nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and cutting intervals of 30 and 45 days for agronomic traits and 30, 45, and 60 days for nutritional traits. A randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications was applied. Repeated measures analysis and Tukey’s mean comparison tests (p < 0.005) were performed, along with Pearson correlation and response surface analysis using the central composite design in R. The results showed that applying 180 kg/ha of nitrogen with a 45-day cutting interval provided the highest dry matter yield (460 kg/m2 ) and superior agronomic traits, including plant height (96.73 cm), number of tillers, and stem diameter. Non-fertilized treatments had the highest crude protein content (17.45%) and digestibility, while higher nitrogen doses increased crude fiber and acid detergent fiber, reducing digestibility. Significant correlations were observed between fresh and dry weight with plant height (p = 0.000; r = 0.84), fiber contents (p = 0.000; r = 1), and ash and protein content (p = 0.000; r = 0.85). The optimal management practice was cutting every 45 days with 180 kg/ha of nitrogen (T8), maximizing forage yield and quality. Proper fertilization and cutting management can improve ryegrass production, benefiting livestock feeding and rural economies.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community shifts driven by heavy metals in cocoa agroecosystems at different crop age
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2026-06-09) Del Aguila Torres, Cecil Eduardo; Pezo Torres, Maria Nelly; Vega Herrera, Sergio Sebastian; Verde Girbau, Carlos; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Paz Urrelo, Jorge Luis
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an economically important tropical crop, but its production is increasingly constrained by strict regulations related to heavy metal accumulation in soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key biological component of cocoa agroecosystems due to their role in soil processes and plant nutrition. However, information on AMF diversity and their response to heavy metals remains limited. In this study, AMF communities were evaluated in cocoa plantations of different ages established under contrasting heavy metal conditions. A total of 53 AMF taxa were identified, indicating high fungal richness across all plantations. No significant differences were found in α-diversity indices or community composition among plantation ages. In contrast, multivariate analyses showed that variation in AMF community structure was primarily associated with soil heavy metal gradients, particularly cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). Species-level models revealed contrasting responses among taxa, with both positive and negative associations along Cd and Zn gradients, suggesting differential tolerance strategies. Overall, these results indicate that edaphic factors, especially heavy metal concentrations, play a more important role than plantation age in shaping AMF community composition. These findings provide a basis for identifying AMF taxa adapted to metal-enriched soils and for developing management strategies that support sustainable cocoa production.
Cuy línea Merino
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2025-12-30) Chauca Francia, Lilia Janine; Huamán Alcántara, Meylin Rosario; Bernaola Rodríguez, Ferggie Cindy; Meseth Macchiavello, Enrique
El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) ha desarrollado tecnologías de mejoramiento genético de cuyes por más de cinco décadas, logrando razas precoces y prolíficas que fortalecen la productividad y sostenibilidad de la crianza. La Línea Merino se originó a partir del cuy tipo 4, reconocido por su destacada conformación y calidad cárnica. Tras 18 años de rigurosa conservación y mejora genética, se han consolidado ejemplares que destacan por su acelerado crecimiento, eficiencia reproductiva y una calidad sensorial de carne altamente demandada en los mercados del norte. Esta labor sostenida ha garantizado no solo uniformidad fenotípica y estabilidad productiva, sino también una excepcional versatilidad frente a diversos sistemas de crianza.