Examinando por Autor "Coila, Pedro"

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Aislamiento e identificación molecular de cepas bacterianas anaeróbicas aisladas del compartimento 1 de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2025-02-28) Coila, Pedro; Romero Ávila, Yolanda Madelein; Sánchez, Diana; Oros, Oscar; Zapata, Celso; Flores, Nils; Estrada Cañari, Richard
El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar bacterias anaeróbicas aisladas del compartimento 1 del tracto digestivo de las alpacas. Se obtuvieron 4 aislamientos del licor (LC1) y 9 de la pared del compartimento (PC1) de los tractos digestivos. Los aislamientos de LC1 se cultivaron en agar Anaeróbico de Brewer (BA), y los aislamientos de PC1 en BA suplementado con L-cisteína. Los aislamientos anaeróbicos fueron sometidos a identificación mediante observación microscópica y pruebas bioquímicas, seguidas de la extracción de ADN bacteriano total. La amplificación se realizó utilizando cebadores 27F-1492R en el gen 16S ARNr, y se secuenció utilizando el método Sanger con un analizador de ADN ABI PRISM 3730XL. El análisis bioinformático reveló que las cepas correspondientes a la especie de LC1 eran cuatro Streptococcus equinus y de PC1 eran nueve Streptococcus vicugnae. En el análisis filogenético, las cepas de Streptococcus equinus formaron un clado monofilético con un valor de Bootstrap de 100 y Streptococcus vicugnae con 88. Las cepas revelaron una naturaleza estrictamente anaeróbica, destacando la complejidad de la taxonomía del género Streptococcus y enfatizando la necesidad de futuras investigaciones para aclarar su clasificación taxonómica
Effects of diet and altitude on the microbiota of the first compartment of the stomach in Peruvian alpacas in highland puna regions and their correlations with blood parameters
(MDPI, 2026-01-08) Flores Huarco, Nils H.; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Coila, Pedro; Sanchez, Diana; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Alvarado, Wigoberto C.; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Aliaga, Mery; Galindo, Walter; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Apaza, Henry; Arbizu, Carlos I.
This study explores the intestinal microbiota of eight 18-month-old male alpacas from two distinct high-altitude regions in Peru: the Wet Puna (4200 m above sea level) and the Dry Puna (4900 m above sea level). Using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA metabarcoding, microbial communities of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists were analyzed from the first compartment of the stomach (C1) to investigate the diversity, taxonomic composition, and correlations with hematological parameters. Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed between regions, driven by dietary and environmental factors. The Wet Puna exhibited greater alpha diversity in bacterial and fungal communities, while beta diversity highlighted distinct microbial compositions. Key taxa, such as Prevotella ruminicola and Acetitomaculum, were associated with energy metabolism and host adaptation, whereas methanogenic archaea (Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera) dominated in the Dry Puna, reflecting adaptations to arid conditions. Correlations between microbial taxa and hematological variables, such as Acetitomaculum with red blood cell count and Eremoplastron with neutrophil percentage, emphasize the complex interplay between microbiota and host physiology. These findings contribute to understanding microbial adaptations in high-altitude livestock and provide practical insights for enhancing alpaca management and conservation strategies through tailored nutritional approaches and sustainable grazing practices.
Evaluation of probiotic supplementation to enhance growth, immune response, intestinal function, and survival in extensively raised neonatal alpacas in the Peruvian Central-southern Andes
(Elsevier Ltd., 2026-04-15) Palomino Guerrera, Walter; Mariño Huaraca, Wenfil Daisi; Contreras Huamaní, Mijail; Coila, Pedro; Taboada, Natalia Verónica
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multi-strain probiotics on growth, immune response, intestinal function, and survival in neonatal alpacas in the Peruvian Central-southern Andes. A total of 96 neonatal alpacas were selected, with an average weight of 7.89 ± 0.93 kg, regardless of breed (Huacaya and Suri). The study employed a completely randomized design. The neonates were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 32): control (T1), Probiolyte® WS (T2), and Polimeve Solúve (T3). Probiotics were administered orally on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 of age. Body weight gain and size were recorded on days 1, 15, 30, 60, and 90; immune response was assessed on 30 and 90 days; and intestinal functional status was evaluated on day 90. The neonates supplemented with Polimeve exhibited greater thoracic circumference after 60 days of age, and increased height at the withers and rump at 15 days (p < 0.05). At 90 days, the Polimeve group had a higher proportion of basophils, while the Probiolyte and control groups showed higher proportions of monocytes (p < 0.05). IgG concentrations at 30 and 90 days did not differ significantly among groups. Probiotic supplementation did not affect ileal villus length; however, it influenced the depth of jejunal and cecal crypts (p < 0.05). Morbidity and mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, probiotics did not significantly influence growth, immune response, or intestinal function; however, Polimeve may improve weight gain in neonates, while Probiolyte can increase IgG concentrations during the first 30 days of life.
Genomic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from alpaca crias (Vicugna pacos) in the peruvian highlands: insights into functional diversity and pathogenicity
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Zapata, Celso; Rodriguez Perez, Lila Maciel; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madedein; Coila, Pedro; Hañari Quispe, Renán Dilton; Oros, Oscar; Zanabria, Víctor; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Rojas Cruz, Diórman; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Ortiz Morera, Narda Cecilia; Estrada Cañari, Richard
Diarrhea in alpaca crias significantly impacts livestock health in high-altitude regions, with Escherichia coli as a common pathogen. This study analyzed 10 E. coli isolates from diarrheic and healthy alpacas using whole-genome sequencing to assess genetic diversity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Predominant sequence types (ST73, ST29), serotypes (O22:H1, O109:H11), and phylogroups (B2, B1, A) were identified. Virulence profiling revealed ExPEC-like and EPEC pathotypes, while resistance genes for β-lactams (blaEC-15), fosfomycin (glpT_E448K), and colistin (pmrB) were prevalent. These findings highlight the need for genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to manage E. coli infections in alpacas and reduce public health risks.