Examinando por Autor "Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel"

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Microplastics and nanoplastics in soil–plant systems: mechanistic evidence, agronomic relevance, and limits of inference
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-03) Cortez Lázaro, Anthony Apolinario; Vàsquez Medina, Pedro James; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Fernandez Herrera, Fredesvindo; Caro Degollar, Edson Max; Ferrer Ventocilla, Mirtha Soledad; Romero Bozzetta, José Luis; Rojas Paz, Jorge Luis; Manes Cangana, Gabriel Alberto; Bazan Bautista, Ronnel Edgar; Diaz Vega, Enrique Ubaldo; Cortez Lázaro, Ronald Alexis
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are increasingly reported in agricultural soils, yet their significance for crop production, soil function, contaminant transfer, and food safety remains difficult to evaluate. The central challenge is not merely documenting particle occurrence, but determining when mechanistic observations support defensible agronomic inference. Here, we combine bibliometric mapping of Scopus-indexed literature published between 2015 and 2025 (n = 1815), a structured critical synthesis of representative empirical evidence, and a claim-specific interpretive framework for MP/NP research in soil–plant systems. Bibliometric analysis characterizes the field's structure and thematic development, whereas empirical synthesis examines how evidence supports biological, functional, transfer, and agronomic claims. Bibliometric patterns indicate rapid expansion of the literature, but limited integration of crop-cycle performance, edible-compartment measurements, multitemporal field evidence, and integrated soil–microbiome–plant endpoints. Across the representative evidence synthesized here, responses to MPs/NPs are strongly context dependent and are modulated by polymer identity, particle size, morphology, aging status, soil matrix, exposure metric, exposure duration, crop species, and co-contaminants. Physiological markers, microbial taxonomic shifts, sorption assays, tissue-associated particle signals, and short-term responses are mechanistically informative, but they do not by themselves establish field-level soil degradation, productivity loss, contaminant-vector effects, edible-tissue relevance, or food-safety implications. The proposed framework separates particle occurrence, validated exposure, mechanistic response, microbial functional response, crop performance, contaminant transfer, edible-compartment relevance, and agronomic inference according to the evidence required for each claim. Under this framework, the representative evidence primarily supports mechanistic plausibility and bounded soil–plant interpretation, whereas generalized field-level agronomic claims require stronger analytical validation, exposure realism, endpoint alignment, temporal structure, material realism, and claim-specific evidence. Rather than classifying MPs/NPs as uniformly harmful or harmless, this review defines how evidence should be configured, interpreted, and limited to support transparent, defensible inference in agricultural systems.
Native strains T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2 reduce Cd uptake in cacao CCN51 under controlled conditions
(MDPI, 2025-06-17) Malca Cerna, Rozana Yanina; Cortez Lazaro, Anthony Apolinario; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Arce Inga, Marielita; Cumpa Velasquez, Liz Marjory
The cacao trade and export industry has been impacted by cadmium (Cd2+) accumulation in soils, as the metal is absorbed by plants and transferred to the tissues. Consequently, cacao beans and their derivatives can become contaminated, sometimes exceeding permissible limits. In this study, the capacity of native Trichoderma strains to reduce Cd accumulation in cacao was evaluated. Twelve Trichoderma strains were analyzed to assess their cadmium removal capacity through in vitro assays and their ability to reduce Cd concentration in cacao plants under controlled in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that several Trichoderma strains could remove cadmium and accumulate it in their biomass. However, this process is complex as it depends on metal concentration and environmental conditions. Notably, T. afroharzianum UCF18-M1 and CP24-6 exhibited high removal efficiencies at 100 ppm (61.79 ± 2.98% and 57.93 ± 4.14%, respectively). In contrast, the in vivo assays revealed that, contrary to expectations, some strains—including those with the highest removal efficiency—stimulated Cd uptake in plants, even at toxic levels, such as T. orientale BLPF1-C1. However, T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2-C1 significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the stem. These findings highlight the potential of these strains to mitigate Cd contamination in cacao.