Examinando por Autor "Castillo, Miguel S."

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Caracterización de Sistemas Silvopastoriles en la cuenca ganadera de Molinopampa, Zona Noroccidental del Perú
(Universidad de Córdoba, 2020-01-01) Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Castillo, Miguel S.; Alegre Horihuela, Julio; Gómez Allca, Carlos; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
Los productores de la región Amazonas vienen implementando Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP), para contrarrestar los efectos en el suelo y deterioro del ecosistema debido al manejo de una ganadería tradicional; sin embargo, se desconocen las características asociadas a estos sistemas, planteándose como objetivo caracterizar los SSP en la cuenca ganadera de Molinopampa. Se aplicaron encuestas a productores de 130 Unidades Agropecuarias, las cuales se analizaron con técnica multivariada (conglomerados, correlación de Spearman y Análisis de Componentes Principales). El análisis de conglomerados permitió la clasificación de los productores en cinco grupos, diferenciados por el área de SSP que maneja, número de animales y producción de leche por hato ganadero. El grupo que presentó los mejores indicadores fue el cuarto, quienes se dedican a la ganadería en un 57%, cuentan con un área mayor a 6 ha, poseen más de 51 cabezas de ganado vacuno y tienen una producción de leche de 70 litros/hato/día. El análisis de componentes principales mostró correlaciones positivas entre las variables de conocimiento y capacitación, área total del terreno y diseño del sistema, especie del árbol y actividad principal, especie del árbol y diseño del sistema, preferencia del árbol y conocimiento. Las técnicas de análisis multivariado permitieron la clasificación de SSP, indicando que mientras mayor conocimiento y capacitación reciban los productores, el desarrollo de una ganadería sostenible con SSP se incrementa.
Development of silvopastoral systems in the Peruvian Amazon
(Springer Nature, 2023-12-01) Fuentes Navarro, Eduardo; Gómez, Carlos; Pizarro, Dante; Alegre, Julio; Castillo, Miguel S.; Vela, Jorge; Huamán, Ethel; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
Pasture-based livestock systems in the Peruvian Amazon region are characterized by degraded pastureland and their association with deforestation processes. Silvopastoral systems are an alternative to traditional tree-less pastures that has been recently developed and studied in this region of the country. This chapter provides information about the progress in the development of silvopastoral systems (SPS) in the Peruvian Amazon and the perspectives at national level for the next years. To accomplish these goals, we first review the experiences of establishing and evaluating SPS in five departments of the Peruvian Amazon. Then, we present a list of barriers for the implementation of SPS practices in the country and the current initiatives at the regional and national levels to promote and develop sustainable livestock production systems in the Peruvian Amazon region. We conclude that barriers such as available technology, capacity building, market access and associativity, financing and favorable environmental conditions need to be cleared first for the promotion and successful implementation of SPS in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, some of them need to be assumed by the producers, and others by the State at local, regional and national levels.
Genomic insights into Lolium multiflorum diversity for forage breeding in Andean livestock systems
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-06-10) Bobadilla , Leidy G.; Ortiz, Rodomiro; Castillo, Gianmarco; Matías, Felipe; Gutiérrez, Lucía; Valqui, Leandro; Carrasco Chilón, William Leoncio; Díaz Valderrama, Jorge R.; Venancio, Thiago M.; Alava, E.I.; Castillo, Miguel S.; Vásquez, Héctor V.
Understanding the genetic diversity of Lolium multiflorum is essential for developing targeted breeding programs that can effectively support pasture-based livestock systems in the Peruvian Andean. This study assessed genomic variability and population structure in 27 L. multiflorum accessions from the Cajamarca region and the INIA Amazonas germplasm bank (Peru), using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique. DNA extracted from young leaves was sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. After bioinformatic processing, 2,070 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with heterogeneous distribution were obtained across seven chromosomes. A Principal Coordinate and an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean analyses revealed two distinct genetic groups were identified, reflecting a complex structure shaped by gene flow and local selection. The analysis of molecular variance showed that 90% of the genetic variation occurs within populations, whereas the remaining 10% corresponds to interregional differences (PhiPT = 0.099, p < 0.006). The negative Inbreeding Coefficient (F_IS) values (Cajamarca = -0.2312; Amazonas = -0.5489) indicate an excess of heterozygotes, a pattern typically associated with predominantly outcrossing species. Additionally, high observed heterozygosity (Ho > 0.57) points to potential hybrid vigor and indicates that these populations may maintain stable genetic equilibrium. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Peruvian L. multiflorum harbors a broad genetic base, shaped by historical germplasm exchange and local environmental adaptation. This diversity provides critical insights for conservation strategies and can supports breeding programs aimed at enhancing forage resilience and productivity in high-Andean ecosystems.