Examinando por Autor "Cama Moreno, Elick Melissa"

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Evaluating soil cover strategies for enhancing water conservation, biomass contribution, and weed control in rocoto pepper (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) cultivation under arid conditions
(Frontiers Media S.A, 2025-11-11) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Cama Moreno, Elick Melissa; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Quello Huamani, Antony Arturo; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Sustainable crop production in arid regions is challenged by soil moisture loss, low organic matter content, and intense weed competition. This study aimed to assess the impact of different mulching strategies on the main crop yield, soil moisture conservation, the contribution of dry biomass and nitrogen to the soil by living covers, and the efficacy of weed control. The experiment was conducted in Santa Rita de Siguas (Arequipa, Peru) using a completely randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates. Measurements included biometric and physiological parameters of rocoto pepper (Capsicum pubescens), volumetric soil moisture, dry biomass, and nitrogen content in living covers, as well as weed density. Results indicated that most treatments had no significant impact on the biometric and physiological parameters of rocoto. Plastic mulch reduced irrigation demand and suppressed weeds, although crop yield did not significantly differ among treatments. Among the living mulches, Trifolium pratense was more effective than Melilotus albus in conserving soil moisture, maintaining levels up to 15.86%. In contrast, Melilotus albus produced the highest above-ground dry biomass (8.57 t·h⁻¹), although both legume species accumulated similar amounts of nitrogen in their biomass. Both living covers gradually reduced weed populations, though without complete eradication. In conclusion, plastic mulch represents a potential option under conditions of severe water limitation. Meanwhile, leguminous cover crops, particularly M. albus, offer an alternative complementary strategy for enhancing soil organic matter and could promote long-term sustainability of the cropping system. These findings warrant extended temporal validation to confirm their reproducibility and reliability.
Manual para la fertilización del ajo y cebolla
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2025-08-27) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Villalta Soto, Martín Juan Carlos; Quello Huamaní, Antony Arturo; Pumaleque Sucasaca, Rene Solpicio; Vilca Gamarra, Cesar Francisco; Cama Moreno, Elick Melissa; Linares Escapa, Solmayra Franchesca
El INIA, a través de la Dirección de Servicios Estratégicos Agrarios (DSEA), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene entre sus objetivos evaluar alternativas tecnológicas para el manejo de suelos y agua en la producción agrícola En ese contexto, dos de los cultivos más emblemáticos del departamento de Arequipa son el ajo y la cebolla, los cuales desempeñan un papel fundamental en la economía local y la seguridad alimentaria. La producción sostenible de estos cultivos depende en gran medida de un manejo adecuado de la fertilidad del suelo. Por ello, se elaboró el presente Manual para la fertilización del ajo y la cebolla, basado en experiencias de investigación desarrolladas en la Estación Experimental Agraria Arequipa, así como en información documentada en bibliografía especializada. Este documento aborda los principios fundamentales de la fertilización, desde el muestreo de suelos y la identificación de los requerimientos nutricionales, hasta la formulación y aplicación de planes de fertilización específicos, según el tipo de suelo determinado por su respectivo análisis. ns; Ajo; Garlic
The drip irrigation paradox in an arid irrigated system: a soil quality index reveals secondary salinization and nutrient accumulation in Southern Peru
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-06-04) Poma Chamana, Russell Hilario; Vilca Gamarra, Cesar; Cama Moreno, Elick Melissa; Gómez Campos, Pilar
In arid regions, the conversion of deserts into agricultural land through irrigation is critical for food security but may intensify soil salinization processes. In this context, integrated and spatial soil quality assessment is essential for guiding sustainable management strategies. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit weighted Soil Quality Index (SQIw) and evaluated the effects of irrigation system (drip vs. surface) on soil salinity and fertility within an emerging irrigation scheme in the Peruvian coastal desert. A total of 930 composite soil samples (0–20 cm depth), each composed of 10 subsamples collected within 1-ha parcels, were analyzed for texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC1:5), organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (Pav), available potassium (Kav), exchangeable sodium (exNa), and carbonates. Principal Component Analysis identified a Minimal Data Set (sand, EC1:5, Kav, OM, pH) explaining 76.8% of the total variance. Indicators were transformed into dimensionless scores (0.1–1.0) using threshold-based scoring functions and weighted according to PCA-derived communalities. Spatial patterns were characterized using semivariogram modeling and Ordinary Kriging, with 10-fold cross-validation confirming unbiased spatial predictions (ME ≈ 0; RMSE = 0.100), though the coefficient of determination remained limited (R² = 0.246), consistent with the moderate nugget effects observed across soil properties. The SQIw revealed that 46.7% of the interpolated area fell into the "Poor" category, primarily associated with high salinity areas (EC1:5 > 8 dS m⁻¹) and the predominance of coarse-textured soils, whereas the "Acceptable" category accounted for 53.1% of the evaluated area. Additionally, soils under drip irrigation were associated with significantly higher EC, Kav, and Pav values than surface irrigation, consistent with inadequate leaching fractions, though differences in land development age and management history among sampled fields should be considered when interpreting these results. The SQIw effectively discriminated spatial gradients of soil quality, demonstrating that management-induced improvements remain constrained by inherent edaphic limitations. In naturally saline soils, drip irrigation without specific management practices (e.g., salt leaching) poses a risk of secondary salinization. The proposed methodological framework provides a data-driven tool to support differentiated soil management in arid regions worldwide.