Examinando por Autor "Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay"

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Divergent effects of a Bacillus biofertilizer immobilized in guinea pig manure biochar: Boosting productivity vs. enhancing nutritional quality in maca monocultures
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-03) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Carranza Ramirez, Ana; Vera Obando, Nora; Javier Astete, Rosario Elyzabeth; Arias Arredondo, Alberto Gilmer; Lopez Rodriguez, Melina; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Saavedra Flores, Excela Elizabeth; Quispe Apaza , Cinthia Sheila; Mamani Rojas, Lizbeth Margarita; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Montes Osorio, Angel; Agapito Panta, Juan; Oscco Laura, Persing; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David
Intensive monoculture of maca (Lepidium meyenii) in the Peruvian Andes induces edaphic degradation, requiring sustainable amendments. We evaluated the agronomic and nutritional effects of a Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer immobilized in guinea-pig manure biochar, contrasting it with its individual components. A field experiment was conducted in Junín, Peru (4449 m a.s.l.) using a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control, biochar alone (3 L m⁻²), liquid B. subtilis (125 L ha⁻¹, 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹) and biochar + B. subtilis. Plant establishment, yield, nutritional quality, and hypocotyl nutrient content were evaluated. Results revealed a functional divergence between treatments. Biochar-based treatments (alone and combined) significantly increased plant density (up to 49 vs. 29 m⁻² in the control) and yield (1290–1500 vs. 550 kg ha⁻¹), associated with greater K accumulation (up to 22,252 mg kg⁻¹; p < 0.001). In contrast, B. subtilis alone primarily enhanced nutritional quality, resulting in the highest protein (3.88 g 100 g⁻¹) and fat (0.24 g 100 g⁻¹) contents. The combined treatment achieved the highest individual plant weight (10.1 g) and high yields; however, it did not retain the quality-related benefits, exhibiting the lowest protein content (3.34 g 100 g⁻¹). Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed this functional separation: biochar was associated with a mineral–productivity gradient, whereas B. subtilis aligned with a proximate–nutritional gradient. These findings indicate that biochar primarily acts as edaphic conditioner driving productivity, while B. subtilis enhances nutritional quality. The absence of full synergism in the combined treatment suggests independent modes of action, resulting in a yield–quality trade-off. This enables the design of differentiated fertilization strategies tailored either toward maximum productivity (biochar alone) or premium nutritional quality (B. subtilis alone).
Guía práctica para la producción de biochar e inmovilización de Trichoderma
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Torres Espirilla, Alfonso; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay
Los residuos agrícolas pueden aprovecharse para producir biochar, un carbón orgánico que mejora la salud y fertilidad del suelo. El biochar al combinarse con micororganismos beneficiosos ayuda al mejor crecimiento de los cultivos, reduce el uso de fertilizantes químicos y promueve una agricultura más sostenible, generando además una oportunidad de ingreso para el agricultor.
Spatial Modelling of Soil Quality and Lime Requirement for Precision Management in Humid Tropical Coffee Systems
(MDPI, 2026-02-25) Díaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Mejia Maita, Sharon Yahaira; Mercado Chinchay, Ruth Lizbeth; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Ore Valeriano, Ruddy Adely; Díaz Chuquizuta, Percy; Manrique Gonzales, Luis Fernando; Sánchez Ojanasta, Martín; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando
Soil heterogeneity and acidity are major constraints to Coffea arabica production in the Amazonian soils of Peru. This study developed a spatial predictive framework that integrates a weighted Soil Quality Index (SQIw) and geostatistical modelling (Regression–Kriging and Ordinary Kriging) to estimate lime requirements (LRs) and delineate management zones. A total of 69 coffee-cultivated soil samples were analysed, and spectral information (NDVI) was incorporated to estimate relative yield (RR). Multivariate analysis defined a Minimum Data Set (MDS) composed of exchangeable Na, available P, pH and silt percentage; the highest weights were assigned to P (Wi = 0.292) and pH (Wi = 0.276). SQIw exhibited wide variability (0.01–0.87; CV = 51.8%) and was grouped into five classes, with low (43.5%)- and very low (21.7%)-quality classes predominating. SQIw showed a strong relationship with RR (r = 0.64). Geostatistical models performed differently between localities: in Nuevo Huancabamba, Regression–Kriging improved prediction accuracy (SQIw: R² = 0.58; LR: R² = 0.396), whereas in San José de Sisa, Ordinary Kriging provided better fits only for LRs (R² = 0.32). Nuevo Huancabamba is dominated by moderate-to-high-quality soils (87.29%; SQIw > 0.6) and low lime requirements (74.94%; <0.84 t ha⁻¹), in contrast with San José de Sisa, where low-quality soils prevail (89.45%; SQIw < 0.4) alongside high LRs (75.26%; 2.54–7.13 t ha⁻¹). The resulting maps enable targeted interventions—precision liming and focused P fertilisation—to correct acidity and phosphorus deficiency, thereby improving input-use efficiency and enhancing the sustainability of Amazonian coffee systems.
The impact of microbial colonization on cadmium adsorption by rice husk biochar: microorganism-dependent outcomes in bioretention systems
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-06-01) Curi Zavala, Carlos; Arroyo Julca, Michell Karolay; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; García, Sady; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
The use of microorganisms and biochar, individually, has been proposed as a promising strategy for the bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated water bodies. However, the impact of their combined application, specifically through the immobilization of microorganisms on biochar, on the efficiency of cadmium (Cd) removal and the physicochemical properties of water has not yet been fully assessed, creating uncertainty regarding their effectiveness in decontamination processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the physical adsorption capacity for cadmium on rice husk biochar following activation with strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Chlorella sp., and Pseudomonas sp. Methods: Vertical flow modules were constructed in a factorial design: bioretention systems (M0: biochar, M1: biochar + Chlorella sp., M2: biochar + Pseudomonas sp., M3: biochar + Trichoderma harzianum) × initial cadmium concentration (C1: 3 mg·L−1, C2: 6 mg·L−1, C3: 15 mg·L−1). After 24 h, the efficiency of Cd removal varied significantly according to the system and the initial concentration. Results: For water with [Cd] ≤ 6 mg·L−1, pure biochar (M0) exhibited the highest removal efficiency (99.17 ± 0.41% at 6 mg·L−1). For higher concentrations, M1 showed notably enhanced and stable performance, achieving a removal rate of 99.22 ± 1.06%, surpassing M0 (94.35 ± 6.29%) in stability and effectiveness at high loading. In contrast, M2 and M3 systems exhibited lower efficiencies (75.07 ± 12.73% and 77.79 ± 12.22%, respectively, at 15 mg·L−1). Discussion: The results indicate that the outcome of microbial colonization depends critically on the microorganism used. For M2 and M3, removal rates were inversely proportional to the initial Cd concentration, suggesting early saturation of active sites and/or possible ionic competition for nutrient residues. The scaling up of M1 using conventional fertilizers represents a technically and economically sustainable alternative. For M2 and M3, future works should evaluate the incorporation of post-colonization conditioning stages (e.g., washing, pH adjustment) to mitigate potential ionic competition and restore the adsorptive capacity of the biochar.