Examinando por Autor "Amaro Camarena, Nery Amelia"

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Agro-morphological characterization of tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) accessions using descriptors and spectral metrics derived from UAVs
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2025-12-22) Peña Elme, Eunice Corcas; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucía Carolina; Cerrón Mercado, Francis Gladys; Amaro Camarena, Nery Amelia; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Loayza Loza, Hildo; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis S.) is a legume native to the Andes, recognized for its high nutritional value, which gives it great potential in food security programs. Therefore, understanding and advancing the conservation of its morphological diversity is essential. In this study, 140 accessions from the national germplasm collection of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru were evaluated, along with two cultivars ("INIA 445 Masacanchino" and "Andenes 90"). A traditional agro-morphological characterization was conducted using 16 quantitative and 40 qualitative descriptors, complemented by phenological data obtained from time series of reflectance indices generated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Additionally, a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to select the most relevant variables, and a clustering analysis along with a dendrogram was developed to classify the accessions. The results revealed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) in terms of inflorescence length, number of pods on the main axis, number of primary branches, and yield per plant. Likewise, the morphological groups exhibited variations in phenophases derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Four morphological groups were identified: group 3 (G3) showed the highest growth rate followed by a decline, while group 4 (G4) stood out for its highest initial growth rate. Furthermore, the observed homogeneous phenological conditions indicated that groups 1 (G1) and 4 (G4) matured earlier, making them promising candidates for selection. These findings demonstrate the wide genetic variability of tarwi, which can be exploited in breeding programs for the development of new cultivars. Thus, the study highlights the importance of morphological characterization in understanding the variability of an understudied crop such as tarwi, contributing to conservation and promoting its protection and sustainability.
Guía de conservación de semillas de tarwi en el Banco de Germoplasma del INIA
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2026-06) Peña Elme, Eunice Dorcas; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Amaro Camarena, Nery Amelia; Patricio Rosales, Solanch Rosy; Enríquez Pinedo, Lucia Carolina; Mayco Toykin, Miguel Angel; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina
El tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) es una leguminosa endémica de la región andina de América del Sur (Gulisano et al., 2023). En los últimos años, se ha posicionado como un superalimento debido a su alto contenido de proteínas y ácidos grasos y es un alimento que contiene cantidades significativas de Fe, Zn y B en sus semillas (Vera-Vega et al., 2022). Numerosos estudios han investigado el perfil nutricional y las aplicaciones potenciales de sus semillas en un amplio rango de productos de uso final, desde proteínas, aceites y aditivos alimenticios hasta cosméticos, medicinas y biopesticidas (Gulisano et al., 2023). Su potencial agroindustrial, sumado a su valor nutricional, determinan que el cultivo del tarwi sea de interés, tanto en el ámbito nacional, como en el internacional. La producción nacional de tarwi en 2020 fue de 15 809 t, con una superficie cosechada de 11 307 ha y un rendimiento promedio de 1398 kg/ha; concentrándose el 85 % de la producción en los departamentos de La Libertad, Cusco, Apurímac, Puno y Huánuco (Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego [MIDAGRI], 2021). Los bancos de germoplasma salvaguardan colecciones de recursos genéticos con el propósito general de conservar y, a largo plazo, hacer accesible el germoplasma para mejoradores, investigadores y otros usuarios (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura [FAO], 2014). Con esa orientación, el Banco de Germoplasma del INIA cuenta con una colección de tarwi cuya finalidad es conservar la diversidad genética de dicha especie y su puesta en valor a través de las investigaciones orientadas a la identificación de accesiones promisorias por características relacionadas con la precocidad, la productividad, la tolerancia a plagas y enfermedades, el contenido de nutrientes minerales, proteínas, grasas y alcaloides; y la adaptación al cambio climático en nuestro país. La conservación de semillas es un componente importante de la gestión de esta colección y sus aspectos técnicos más relevantes son presentados en este documento.
Phenotypic variability of tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis S.) in Peruvian germplasm collections
(Genetic Resources Journal, 2026-01-28) Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Peña Elme, Eunice Dorcas; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Amaro Camarena, Nery Amelia; Rios Chavarría, Claudia; Lopez Pariona, Bertha; Cerrón Mercado, Francis Gladys; Camargo Hinostroza, Steve; Pizarro, Samuel
The growing global loss of genetic diversity, phenotypic characterization becomes essential for identifying resilient varieties capable of diversifying and strengthening the agricultural production of underutilized crops such as tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis S.). This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic variability of 41 tarwi accessions conserved in the germplasm bank of the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA) of Peru. The accessions were evaluated over two consecutive agricultural seasons at the Santa Ana Agrarian Experimental Station under local conditions. Thirty morphological descriptors (17 qualitative and 13 quantitative) were used following IBPGR guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering and correlation analysis for quantitative descriptors, as well as frequency tables and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index for qualitative descriptors. The results revealed high phenotypic variability, particularly in traits related to yield, plant architecture and floral attributes. The accessions were grouped into three morpho-agronomic types: (1) highly productive accessions, (2) accessions with vigorous vegetative development, and (3) short-cycle plants with moderate yields. Yield per plant was significantly associated with the total pod number, total seed mass in hundred seeds and seed thickness. The study revealed considerable phenotypic diversity, characterized by significant correlations among key agronomic traits, the delineation of three distinct phenotypic clusters, and the identification of valuable qualitative attributes, which reinforces their potential for conservation and breeding programmes. However, expanded germplasm evaluation and multi-environment trials are required to validate genotype stability and refine selection criteria. However, additional accessions and further analyses are needed to validate the observed patterns.