Examinando por Autor "Aldava Pardave, Uriel"

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Carbon storage in coffee agroforestry systems: Role of native and introduced shade trees in the central Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Salgado Veramendi, Noelito; Romero Chavez, Lorena Estefani; Huerto Pajuelo, Eldhy Sianina; Ibarra Porra, Carolina del Carmen; Cunyas Camayo, Joseph Michael; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
What is the potential impact on carbon storage of the native and introduced tree species commonly associated with coffee in the central Peruvian Amazon? Coffee is a pivotal crop within the Peruvian economy. Nevertheless, the establishment of new plantations—driven by the subsistence needs of smallholder farmers—has led to expansion into forested areas. Given the significance of this crop and the demonstrated ecosystem benefits of agroforestry systems (AFSs), the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of native and introduced shade tree species on carbon storage in coffee plantations. This study was observational and exhibited characteristics of an unbalanced incomplete block design. Agroforestry systems (AFSs) with shade tree species such as Inga, Retrophyllum rospigliosii, Eucalyptus and Pinus, and three unshaded coffee plantations, were included in this study. The total carbon stored in each AFS was higher than in unshaded coffee plantations. Soil contributed between 47% and 91% to total carbon storage, shade trees (24–46%), coffee (2–7%), leaf litter (0.6–1.9%) and shrubs and herbaceous plants (0.02–0.3%). The AFS with R. rospigliosii achieved the highest carbon storage with 190.38 Mg ha−1, highlighting the compatibility of this species with coffee plantations, as well as its positive effect on climate change mitigation in deforested areas.
Climate, carbon, and soil stability: a key link in coffee-growing landscapes of the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-04-14) Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani; Hermoza Ayme, Nilton Alexander; Chuchon Remon, Rodolfo Juan; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Arroyo Isuiza, Rosa Karen; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: Coffee cultivation in the Central Peruvian Amazon, one of the country's most important production regions, faces increasing challenges from soil degradation and climate change impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the altitudinal gradient on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and soil erodibility (K index) in coffee-growing systems. Methods: Three altitudinal zones were established for sampling (0–20 cm depth): zone 1 (900–1200 m.a.s.l.), zone 2 (1201–1400 m.a.s.l.), and zone 3 (1401–1600 m.a.s.l.). Within these zones, physical and chemical soil properties were analyzed, and SOC and soil erodibility (K index) values were calculated. Results: The results revealed a direct and statistically significant relationship between altitude and carbon sequestration capacity. Zone 3 exhibited the highest SOC (63.19 t·ha⁻¹) and organic matter (OM) content (5.49%), compared with zone 1 (37.56 t·ha⁻¹). This difference is attributable to the climatic conditions at higher elevations, characterized by greater precipitation and lower temperatures. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that increasing altitude enhances SOC (b = 0.42), which in turn improves the soil structural stability index (SI) (R² = 0.87) and reduces the K index (b = –0.38). Overall, the findings demonstrate that organic carbon acts as a key mediator between topography, soil texture, and susceptibility to erosion. The altitudinal gradient thus represents a major controlling factor influencing the health and structural stability of coffee soils. Discussion: These results highlight the need to implement site-specific soil management practices, emphasizing intensive conservation strategies in low-altitude coffee-growing systems to mitigate accelerated erosion and ensure long-term production sustainability under changing climatic conditions.
Determinants of compost quality across 12 agroecological zones of Peru: the role of regional organic waste and climatic conditions
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-07-02) Hermoza Ayme, Nilton Alexander; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Ortíz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Palomino Espinoza, Claudio Carlos; Altamirano Quispe, Brandon Santiago; Collavino Cortez, Ulises Ronald; Ore Valeriano, Ruddy Adely; Reza Carlin, Luis Joel; Calle Iparraguirre, Nander Oriol; Peña López, Yerly Marquito; Abensur Diaz, Giancarlos Israel; Suasaca Curo, Abel; Cunyas Camayo, Joseph Michael; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Introduction: Composting is a cornerstone of the circular economy in agriculture; however, its efficacy is often undermined by limited knowledge regarding how agroclimatic variability influences compost quality under real-world conditions in megadiverse countries such as Peru. Methods: We monitored twelve composting processes over a 16-week period, established at agricultural experimental stations across 12 agroecological zones in Peru—spanning the arid coast, the high Andes, and lowland/high-jungle environments. The study utilized locally representative organic residues and employed a multisite observational design analyzed via generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Results: High-Andean sites, characterized by low ambient temperatures and quinoa residues, exhibited the highest organic carbon retention and biological stability. In contrast, lowland jungle stations showed accelerated mineralization and suboptimal organic matter content (≈12%), failing to meet national standards. In coastal regions, guinea pig manure helped minimize lead accumulation; however, arsenic concentrations exceeded international safety limits (40 mg kg⁻¹) at certain stations. Furthermore, fixed effects (climate and process parameters) explained more than 67% of the variation in organic matter and nitrogen, while the agroecological context accounted for ≈23% of the variability in yield. Discussion: These findings indicate that compost quality is driven by non-linear interactions between temperature, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and regional residue composition, demonstrating that "one-size-fits-all" protocols fail to capture these complex dynamics.
Inoculation with Trichoderma in Coffea arabica seedlings: Effects on morphological indices and seedling quality under nursery conditions
(MDPI, 2026-08-04) Camacho Villalobos, Alina Alexandra; Amaringo Córdova, Luiz Paulo; Ucañay Ayllon, Tatiana Mildred; Salgado Veramendi, Noelito; Flores Jaramillo, Jhoffre David; Aldava Pardave, Uriel
Microbial inoculants such as Trichoderma have been proposed as sustainable tools to improve seedling quality in coffee nurseries; however, their effectiveness may vary according to formulation and genotype. This study evaluated three treatments: a solid Trichoderma formulation (1 kg m−3 of substrate) based on a multispecies consortium (T. harzianum, T. asperellum, and T. viride; 5 × 109 conidia g−1), a liquid formulation of T. harzianum (1 × 108 CFU mL−1; 1 L m−3 of substrate), and a non-inoculated control, using three Coffea arabica varieties (Catimor, Marsellesa, and Gran Colombia) under controlled nursery conditions. A linear mixed model was applied, considering variety and inoculant type as fixed effects and replicates as random effects. The results show that the biostimulant response is strongly modulated by the variety × inoculant interaction. The solid formulation was superior in promoting the expansion of the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing leaf area by 24.6%. In turn, the liquid formulation optimized structural vigor, increasing stem diameter by 17.3% and reducing slenderness by 13.1%. Inoculation reduced the lignification index by 10.4%, favoring dynamic vegetative growth. These improvements were integrated into the Dickson Quality Index, which reached values of 0.41–0.70, greatly exceeding the critical threshold of 0.20 for medium- to high-quality seedlings. It is concluded that Trichoderma acts as a physiological compensator that harmonizes plant architecture, although its efficacy depends on specific compatibility with the genotype, which is essential for ensuring the successful establishment of coffee plants under field conditions.
Native halotolerant consortia modulate soil–plant interactions under moderate salinity
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2026-03-02) Palomino Arias, Mickel; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Paredes Jacinto, Juan Carlos; Rivas, Johan; Muñoz Leiva, Yulissa Marisol; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Jaramillo Carrión, María; Valladolid Suyón, Esteban; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Soil salinity is a major limitation for rice production in arid regions, reducing plant growth, yield, and grain quality. This study assessed the effect of halotolerant strains of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida on the growth, productivity, and soil chemical properties of Oryza sativa L. INIA 515 'Capoteña' under initial soil salinity of 4.75 dS m⁻¹. Eight treatments were evaluated, including bacterial consortia, and non-inoculated control. The selected strains exhibited high salt tolerance, with B. subtilis BacF and P. putida P4 growing at up to 10% NaCl. Although most physiological and agronomic variables did not differ significantly among treatments, treatment T5 (BacF + P4) showed a moderate tendency towards better values, particularly in panicle number, aerial biomass, total biomass, grain yield, and SPAD across the growth cycle. At the edaphic level, T5 significantly increased soil pH and promoted a slightly synergistic mobilisation of K, Mg, and Na. Structural equation modelling indicated that magnesium strongly enhanced total plant biomass, while organic matter positively influenced grain yield. These findings indicate that native halotolerant consortia may influence soil–plant interactions under controlled conditions, but agronomic benefits remain limited and require field validation.
Valorization of sugarcane residues as a bio-input for sustainable cultivation of cucurbita moschata on the northern coast of Peru
(Arid Zone Research Association of India, 2026-03-28) Palomino Arias, Mickel; Salazar Coronel, Willian; Paredes Jacinto, Juan Carlos; Rivas, Johan; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
The valorization of agro-industrial waste represents a pivotal strategy for enhancing the sustainability of horticultural systems in arid regions. This study evaluated the potential of compost derived from sugarcane residues as an ecological alternative to chemical fertilization in the cultivation of Cucurbita moschata (loche), a culturally and economically significant crop on the northern coast of Peru. Four fertilization treatments were compared: conventional mineral fertilization, compost from sugarcane residues enriched with efficient microorganisms, compost supplemented with digestive enzymes, and guano from islands. Physiological parameters (plant vitality, elongation, number of shoots, and SPAD index) and productive indicators (fruit number, length, diameter, and °Brix) were evaluated under dry climatic conditions. Significant differences were observed in SPAD values at 107 days after sowing, with conventional mineral fertilization exhibiting the highest index (51.39 ± 5.4). While yield related traits did not differ statistically among treatments, compost from sugarcane residues enriched with efficient microorganisms showed vegetative development comparable to that of the mineral treatment, along with a positive trend in plant length. No significant differences were observed in fruit quality or number. These results suggest that composted sugarcane residues, especially when enriched with microbial agents, can support crop growth without compromising productivity. This study constitutes the first formal report on the application of sugarcane waste compost in C. moschata cultivation. Its implementation could promote agroecological practices, reduce reliance on mineral
Weed Species Associated with Cacao Cultivation Exhibiting Phytoremediation Potential for Cadmium and Lead: A Study Based on Bioconcentration and Translocation Factors
(Tech Science Press, 2026-06-29) Romero Chávez, Lorena Estefani; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Ottos Díaz, Elvis; Salgado Veramendi, Noelito; Huerto Pajuelo, Eldhy Sianina; Ibarra Porras, Carolina del Carmen; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
The exploration and identification of spontaneous weed species in heavy metal–contaminated soils represent a relevant approach for understanding the role and their potential application in phytoremediation. In cacao cultivation, cadmium contamination poses a significant risk due to the restrictions established for soils and cacao-derived products, thereby threatening productive sustainability and export viability. The objective of this study was to identify weed species associated with cacao cultivation exhibiting accumulation patterns and phytoremediation potential for Cd and Pb, through the assessment of biomass production and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), in natural conditions. Soil samples were collected from seven cacao-growing zones, and the site with the highest Cd concentration (1.65 mg kg−1) was selected, where ten dominant weed species were identified and evaluated. Significant interspecific differences were observed in biomass production and in Cd and Pb concentrations (p < 0.05). Talinum paniculatum exhibited the highest total biomass (6.15 g) and the highest TF for Cd, whereas Cyperus aggregatus showed the greatest total Cd accumulation (2.68 mg kg−1). BCF and TF values enabled the identification of species with accumulation patterns consistent with Cd phytoextraction (T. paniculatum, C. aggregatus, Pseudelephantopus spiralis, Bidens riparia, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Malvastrum coromandelianum) and with phytostabilization (Ocimum campechianum). For Pb the observed patterns were consistent with potential phytoextractive behavior in B. riparia, P. spiralis, E. heterophylla, Hilleria latifolia, and Acalypha stachyura. Although these results do not constitute functional evidence of remediation, they describe heavy metal accumulation and translocation patterns in native weed species, providing a technical basis for the design of future experimental trials aimed at the sustainable remediation of contaminated soils.