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Random Forest-based spatial distribution from heavy metals and associated with ecological and health risk assessment in agricultural soils of the Mantaro Valley, Peru
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-07-31) Orellana Mendoza, Edith; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Quispe Coquil, Violeta; Mendoza Delgado, Katia; Valero Maraví, Sheila; Rojas León, Ángeles; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of agricultural soils in Andean valleys poses a critical threat to ecological integrity, food safety, and human health. This study assessed the spatial distribution, contamination levels, ecological and health risk (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) associated with Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and As in agricultural soils of the Mantaro Valley in the central Andes of Peru. A total of 306 topsoil samples were analyzed. Random Forest (RF) was used to model the spatial distribution of HM concentrations, integrating spectral, climatic, topographic, edaphic, and distance-related covariates. The RF models showed consistent but element-specific predictive performance. The values of R² ranged from 0.76 to 0.89, with the highest values for Pb and As and the lowest for Cu. Spatial predictions should be interpreted with consideration of the irregular sampling design and inherent uncertainties in spatial extrapolation. Mean concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, As, and Cd reached 1347.87, 439.91, 201.71, 90.69, and 4.27 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, exceeding both regulatory thresholds and local geochemical background values. Contamination indices revealed marked enrichment, particularly for As and Cd. Ecological risk was primarily driven by Cd and As, with 70.10% and 61.41% of samples classified as very high ecological risk for these elements, respectively. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index indicated a critical scenario with 71.7% of samples exceeding the very high-risk threshold. Human health risk assessment identified As as the main contributor to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, with children showing higher vulnerability than adults. These findings delineate priority agricultural areas where ecological risk and arsenic-related carcinogenic risk overlap, underscoring the urgent need for targeted soil monitoring, exposure reduction, and locally adapted risk management strategies in the Mantaro Valley.
¿Qué tan fértiles son los suelos agrícolas de Moquegua?
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2026-08) Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Mejía Maita, Sharon Yahaira; Mercado Chinchay, Ruth Lizbeth; Puga Calderón, Rodrigo Julio; Copa Vizcarra, Sergio Waldyr; Aguilar Chuquitarqui, Eyner Marconi; Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel; Olivera Vilca, Sócrates
Primera zonificación regional de la fertilidad de suelos agrícolas de Moquegua, desarrollada por el INIA a partir de 2053 muestras georreferenciadas. Describe el plan de muestreo, los métodos analíticos de laboratorio (pH, fósforo, potasio, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, textura), y la construcción de un índice de fertilidad del suelo (SFIw) mediante análisis multivariado (correlación de Pearson y componentes principales). Presenta un mapa interactivo con tres niveles de fertilidad (baja, moderada, alta) y recomendaciones de manejo según el nivel de fertilidad de cada parcela.
Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de julio del 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-07-31) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Al cierre del mes de julio del 2026, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 222 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico.
Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 30 de junio del 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06-30) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Al cierre del mes de junio del 2026, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 224 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico.
Agronomic performance, bioactive profile, and nutritional quality of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under aluminum edaphic stress conditions in the Peruvian Amazon
(Preprints.org, 2026-07-29) Ramírez Chung, José; Vela Paredes, Rafael Segundo; Bazán Marín, Claudia; Tello Célis, Fernando; León Mendoza, Luis Humberto; Campos Cedano, Johnny Carlos; Bazán Ferrando, Alberto José
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a strategic legume for food security in the Peruvian Amazon owing to its resilience in marginal soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance, bioactive profile, and nutritional quality of eight cowpea accessions grown under high aluminum saturation (69.01%) and extreme acidity (pH 3.50) in Zungarococha (Loreto, Peru). Phenological and yield traits were assessed under a randomized complete block design, together with total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and the proximate and mineral composition of the grain. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among accessions. Accession PER1005852 was identified as a dual-purpose ideotype, combining the highest grain yield (1.42 t ha⁻¹) with a strong antioxidant profile. Protein content ranged from 21.87% to 24.97% (highest in PER1005851), with a high phosphorus content (616.70 mg/100 g in CP0112) and an iron content consistent with the range reported for the species (7.60 mg/100 g in CP0063). Multivariate analysis confirmed that dark seed-coat pigmentation is a phenotypic indicator of greater nutraceutical potential. It is concluded that Amazonian cowpea is a functional food with a dense nutritional profile, of interest for breeding and biofortification programs in the face of climate change.
Spatial variation of acidic sodic soils in high-andean environments and theoretical estimation of gypsum requirement
(John Wiley, 2026-06-03) Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Hermoza Ayme, Nilton Alexander; Mejia Maita, Sharon Yahaira; Ccosi Mamani, Elvis David; Miranda Quispe, Dalmecio; Choquechambi Apaza, Luz Aleida; Choquehuanca Murillo, Katherin Heidy; Carrasco Ordoñez, Edgar Raddy; Cuellar Condori, Néstor Edwin
High-Andean forage systems are characterized by extensive management of cultivated forages, primarily through rotation of forage oats (Avena sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), under marginal edaphoclimatic conditions. Within this context, soil sodicity severely constrains the productivity of these systems in the districts of Ayaviri and Macarí, Melgar Province, Peru. However, spatially explicit information on gypsum requirements (GR) for sodic-soil reclamation remains unavailable. To address this gap, this study aimed to: (i) develop a weighted Soil Quality Index (SQIw) for sodic soils, (ii) delineate sodicity-affected areas across districts, soil classes and environmental conditions and (iii) generate high-resolution maps of gypsum requirements using regression kriging (RK). A total of 1273 soil samples were analysed in high-altitude areas of Ayaviri and Macarí. Key sodicity-related variables included exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), clay flocculating charge and Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) selected through Pearson correlation and principal component analysis to construct the SQIw, while regression kriging was used to generate spatially explicit gypsum requirement maps. Results showed wide variability in pH and ESP, reflecting heterogeneous sodicity conditions across the study area, with Macarí presenting higher soil quality (SQIw = 0.61) than Ayaviri (SQIw = 0.44). Sandy loam soils and acid saline–sodic soils exhibited the greatest vulnerability. Regression kriging achieved high predictive accuracy for GR estimation (R² = 0.97 in Ayaviri; R² = 0.85 in Macarí), enabling precise delineation of priority intervention zones. The resulting GR maps provide a robust basis for site-specific gypsum application, improving amendment efficiency, reducing unnecessary costs and supporting sustainable sodicity management in vulnerable High-Andean agroecosystems.
A new species of Neorthopleura (coleoptera: cleridae: korynetinae) from northern Peru
(Springer, 2026-06-30) Chuquibala-Checan, Beimer; Hernández May, Manuel A.; Leavengood, John M. Jr.; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Goñas Goñas, Malluri
Neorthopleura pomahuacensis Hernández-May, Chuquibala-Checan and Leavengood, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Korynetinae) from Pomahuaca, Peru, is described. This beetle species is named after the locality where it was collected. Similar species are discussed and the lectotype of N. suturalis (Chevrolat, 1874) is illustrated for comparison.
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 30 de junio 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06-30) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
Durante el mes de junio 2026 se incorporaron 48 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 3055 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA.
Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 30 de junio del 2026
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2026-06-30) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Al cierre del mes de junio del 2026, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 224 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico.
Genetic structure of traditional cacao reveals four new genetic lineages in indigenous Amazonian sites in Peru
(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2026-07-06) Motilal, Lambert A.; Calderon, Martha S.; Bustamante, Danilo E.; Gopaulchan, David; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Márquez Romero, Fanny R,; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Díaz Valderrama, Jorge R.; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Oliva, Manuel; Umaharan, Pathmanathan
Cacao genetic resources in Peru are largely uncharacterized. Knowledge of their genetic structure is needed for their conservation and use. Indigenous on-farm cacao trees (n = 390) from the Departments of Amazonas (n = 130), Ayacucho (n = 76), Cajamarca (n = 1), Cusco (n = 110), Madre de Dios (n = 10), Piura (n = 59), San Martín (n = 3) and Ucayali (n = 1) in Peru were fingerprinted with 192 single nucleotide polymorphic markers. Identity, group differentiation, phylogenetic, multivariate and ancestry analyses were conducted. Four new populations were identified guided by phylogenetic, accepted ancestral backgrounds of reference samples and least admixture among samples. The cacao from these eight Departments were variably mixed containing both pure members of new populations and admixed samples with these new populations and Amelonado, Contamana, Criollo, Curaray, Guiana, Iquitos, Marañon, Nacional, Nanay and Púrus. The findings of this study suggest that while the cacao germplasm is genetically related across different departments, each region harbors its own distinct genetic composition. The Clade IV (Chuncho 2) population was associated with the Contamana cluster and Clade I (Chuncho 1) was associated with Purus cluster. Clades II (Awajun) and III (Porcelana) were associated with the Nacional cluster. The ancestry of the economically desired CCN 51 cultivar was revealed to be better assigned as 15% Amelonado, 13% Criollo, 25% Iquitos and 45% Awajun. The results of this study will improve the understanding of the genetic landscape in Peru, enhance genebank collections in Peru and enable the differentiation of the fine flavour industry in Peru. The new groups of cacao identified in this study will help understand the genetic structuring of cacao and represent a valuable new resource to search for valuable traits for breeding and commercialization programmes in the fine flavour cacao industry in Peru.