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Impact and control of transboundary and invasive banana (Musa spp.) Wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
(Springer Nature, 2025-06-25) Sasaki, Nobumitsu; Yokoi, Satoshi; Trigoso Hidalgo, Carla Ximena; Suzuki, Sakae; Takahashi, Sakura; Sha, Kei-ai; Fukuhara, Toshiyuki; Nomura, Yoshihiro; Yamada, Masaaki; Watanabe, Haruka; Kashiwa, Takeshi; Kodama, Motoichiro; Kido, Kazutaka; Abe, Tomoko; Casas Díaz, Andrés Virgilio; Aragón Caballero, Lilliana María; Palomo Herrera, Angel Alfonso; Gonzáles Miranda, María del Carmen; Nishida, Yuichi; Ono Morikawa, Cecilia Inés; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Cabrera Pintado, Rosa María; Cáceres Patricio, Esmeralda Flor; Cabezas Huayllas, Oscar Esmael; Rivas Pulache, Victorino; Chia Wong, Julio Alfonso; Arie, Tsutomu
Fusarium wilt (FW), or Panama disease, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Focb), is one of the most destructive threats to banana/plantain (Musa spp.) pro duction worldwide. Especially the pandemic of Focb race TR4, which can cause FW on the FW-resistant cultivar ‘Cavendish’, is damag ing banana plantations in Asia, India, Australia, East Africa, and South America. In the Selva area of Peru, banana cultiva tion is an important part of farmers’ liveli hoods. A team of Japanese and Peruvian research institutes is currently working on a SATREPS project with the goal of not only preventing the introduction of Focb race TR4 into Peruvian organic banana production areas but also enabling the continuation of high quality banana production by preventing existing FW, thereby improving the liveli hoods of farmers in the region. To achieve this goal, "ve research activities are conducted in the jungle, Tingo María area: (1) establish ment of speci"c diagnosis technology for FW at the macro- to micro-level; (2) development of varieties that are resistant to FW using mutation induction; (3) establishment of a pathogen-free seedling production and supply system; (4) analysis of the microbial #ora of disease-suppressing soil; and (5) establish ment of low-environmental-impact FW con trol technology, such as biological pesticides and plant activators
Native strains T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2 reduce Cd uptake in cacao CCN51 under controlled conditions
(MDPI, 2025-06-17) Malca Cerna, Rozana Yanina; Cortez Lazaro, Anthony Apolinario; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Arce Inga, Marielita; Cumpa Velasquez, Liz Marjory
The cacao trade and export industry has been impacted by cadmium (Cd2+) accumulation in soils, as the metal is absorbed by plants and transferred to the tissues. Consequently, cacao beans and their derivatives can become contaminated, sometimes exceeding permissible limits. In this study, the capacity of native Trichoderma strains to reduce Cd accumulation in cacao was evaluated. Twelve Trichoderma strains were analyzed to assess their cadmium removal capacity through in vitro assays and their ability to reduce Cd concentration in cacao plants under controlled in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that several Trichoderma strains could remove cadmium and accumulate it in their biomass. However, this process is complex as it depends on metal concentration and environmental conditions. Notably, T. afroharzianum UCF18-M1 and CP24-6 exhibited high removal efficiencies at 100 ppm (61.79 ± 2.98% and 57.93 ± 4.14%, respectively). In contrast, the in vivo assays revealed that, contrary to expectations, some strains—including those with the highest removal efficiency—stimulated Cd uptake in plants, even at toxic levels, such as T. orientale BLPF1-C1. However, T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2-C1 significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the stem. These findings highlight the potential of these strains to mitigate Cd contamination in cacao.
Sustainable rice–fish farming systems: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2025-06-12) Fernández Zatrate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Coronel Bustamante, David; Huanca Silva, Leisy; Taboada Mitma, Víctor Hugo; Quispe Carhuapoma, Mariela Judith; Oliva Alvarez, Yashira Steffani; Ramirez Antaurco, Maximo Fabricio; Anchayhua Torres, Janella Jelyn; Huaccha Castillo, Annick Estefany; Seminario Cunya, Alejandro; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Gomez Fernandez, Darwin; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
The rice–fish farming system is an efficient ecological model with economic, ecological, and social benefits, reduces environmental impacts and optimizes the use of resources. The objective of the research was to explore and analyze scientific publications through a systematic review and meta-analysis related to rice–fish intercropping. A review of publications hosted in the Scopus and PubMed database from January 2000 to April 2025 was conducted. Research articles were selected, excluding review articles, com-mentaries, book chapters, and letters, and only documents published in English were analyzed. The analysis shows that the countries with the highest number of publications were China and Bangladesh, with a proportion of 48% and 24% respectively, followed by Thailand with 10% and Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India with 5% each. The fish species used in rice–fish systems were reported to be Cyprinus carpio (37%), Oreochromis niloticus (29%), Barbonymus gonionotus, Micropterus salmoides and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (8%), Amblypharyngodon mola (5%), and Labeo rohita and Monopterus albus (3%). On average, fish settle in the rice–fish system 27 days after rice planting, with a density of 13,390 fish/ha. Between rice planting and harvesting 132 days pass, obtaining an average yield of 4397 kg of rice/ha and 1383 kg of fish/ha. It is recommended to prioritize integrated research on unstudied fish species, optimal densities, fertilization, culture models, and emerging technologies in rice–fish systems, considering regional variations to improve sustainability, productivity, and food security at a global level.
Assessment of soil characteristics and the productive potential of native Poaceae forage species in the Central Highlands of Peru
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2025-06-10) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Yalli Huamaní, Teodoro Bill; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andy
Given the increasing pressure on natural grassland ecosystems in the Peruvian high Andes, optimizing the use of native forage species has become essential for understanding the relationship between soil characteristics and the productive potential of these plants. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and the produc tive potential of three native forage species: Festuca dolichophylla, Cinnagrostis vicunarum, and Jarava ichu. The research was conducted in natural grasslands in the district of Yauli, province of Yauli, department of Junin, at approximately 4000 m.a.s.l. During the dry season 2023, soil samples were collected following standardized protocols, and key soil parameters were analyzed. The nutritional characteristics of the forage species were also assessed, including dry matter content, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy. The results revealed significant differences among species. Festuca dolichophylla exhibited the highest protein content (10.7%), superior digestibility (52.5%), and greater metabolizable energy (8.4 MJ∙kg-1), making it the most suitable forage option for livestock in the highland ecosystem over 4000 m.a.s.l., where en vironmental factors constrain agricultural activity. In contrast, Cinnagrostis vicunarum and Jarava ichu showed lower protein levels, with Jarava ichu displaying particularly low digestibility (28.9%) and energy content (4.6 MJ∙kg-1), limiting its productive potential despite its high dry matter yield. These findings provide a strong scien tific foundation for developing sustainable grassland management strategies in the Peruvian Andes, supporting the implementation of agronomic practices that enhance forage productivity while contributing to biodiversity conser vation. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of soil characterization as a key tool for optimizing forage resource utilization in high-altitude farming systems, facilitating informed decision-making in land management and environmental remediation policies.
Sustainable enhancement of purple corn traits using Azospirillum brasilense–glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum inoculants: Evidence from andean agroecosystems – Perú
(Preprints.org, 2025-06-09) Rondinel Huanco, Bill; Quispe Medina, Eugenia Rocío; García Blasquez, Morote Cayo; Quispe Tenorio, José Antonio; Velásquez Mantari, José; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Purple corn (Zea mays L.), a traditional Andean crop valued for its high anthocyanin content and increasing relevance in the nutraceutical industry. However, its production is challenged by envirmental stress and the overuse of chemical fertilizers in Andean ecosystems. This study evaluated the effects of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, PGPR) and Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF) on growth and yield performance in five purple corn genotypes under highland field conditions in Ayacucho,Peru. A randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented across two locations to compare a control (no inoculation) with individual and combined microbial treatments. Results showed that combined inoculation significantly improved vegetive parameters, ear and yield-related traits in both locations, with increases of up to 60.8% in grain yield compared to the control. Statistically significant differences were observed among treatments and genotypes (Tukey, p < 0.05), with the Canaán location showing the highest overall performance between control and combined microbial treatments. These findings support the potential of PGPR-AMF consortia to sustainably enhance purple corn productivity and resilience, offering a viable alternative to reduce chemical inputs in Andean agriculture.
Manejo de cultivos hidropónicos. Hortalizas de hoja
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA, 2025-06-01) Ocas Saavedra, Manuel; Lobato Gálvez, Roiser Honorio; Oré Aquino, Zoila Luz; Cochas Escandón, Juanita Melissa; Acuña Leiva, Alex Yony
El presente material de divulgación es sobre "Manejo de cultivos hidropónicos"
Armado de módulos hidropónicos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA, 2025-06-01) Ocas Saavedra, Manuel; Lobato Gálvez, Roiser Honorio; Oré Aquino, Zoila Luz; Cochas Escandón, Juanita Melissa; Acuña Leiva, Alex Yony
El presente material de divulgación es sobre el "Manejo de cultivos Hidropónicos. Hortalizas de hoja"
An emerging Platynota sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the central coast of Peru
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-06-13) Velasquez Ochoa, Edwin Ricardo; Leiva, Ana María; Gil Ordóñez, Alejandra; Perez Fuentes, Lady Susan; Domínguez, Viviana; Cuellar, Wilmer J.
Blueberry cultivation has recently become a rapidly expanding export industry in Peru. With few to no official records of phytosanitary problems up to date. Nevertheless, as observed in other major blueberry producer countries, pests occurrences have been already reported. This study presents a comprehensive biological and molecular characterization of a novel blueberry pest, identifying it as a member of the Tortricidae family in the genus Platynota. The insect’s average life cycle was determined to be 46.3 days for males and 48.6 days for females, with the larval stage being the longest (25.4 days on average), and the most destructive due to its feeding behavior, which significantly damages buds and fruits. Morphological analysis of the genitalia, along with a comparison of its complete mitochondrial DNA, further supports the conclusion that this pest is a new species. These findings represent the first report of a tortricid pest affecting blueberries in Peru and offer crucial insights for developing effective pest management strategies, contributing to the sustainable growth of blueberry production and exports in the region
Certificación del Sistema de Vigilancia e Inteligencia del INIA conforme a la Norma UNE 166006:2018
(AENOR, 2025-01-27) INIA, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) obtuvo la certificación del Sistema de Vigilancia e Inteligencia conforme a la Norma UNE 166006:2018, otorgada por AENOR. Este sistema abarca las áreas de agroquímica, ingeniería agrícola y agronomía, y tiene como objetivo fortalecer las capacidades institucionales para anticipar cambios tecnológicos y científicos que impacten en el desarrollo agrario nacional. La certificación se llevó a cabo en la sede de La Molina, Lima, Perú, y estará vigente hasta el 27 de enero de 2028.
Development and phenotypic characterization of a native Theobroma cacao L. germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for ex situ conservation and genetic improvement
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-06-16) Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Samanamud, Angelo F.; Ramírez , José F.; Cobos, Marianela; Paredes, Cleydi; Castro, Juan C.
Introduction: The ex situ conservation and characterization of native Theobroma cacao L. genetic resources are critical for sustainable cacao production and breeding programs in the face of climate change and escalating disease pressures. This study aimed to establish and characterize a novel germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon, a key center of cacao diversity. Methods: We collected 140 native cacao accessions across 15 river basins in eight provinces of the Loreto region. Accessions were propagated using optimized grafting techniques with IMC 67 rootstock. Phenotypic evaluation was conducted on 402 plants using 36 standardized descriptors (25 quantitative and 11 qualitative). Data analysis included multivariate analysis using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices to assess morphological diversity patterns. Results: Grafting achieved 100% survival rate, establishing a comprehensive germplasm bank. Phenotypic characterization revealed exceptional morphological diversity, with quantitative traits exhibiting substantial variation, particularly in fruit characteristics (CV = 15.82–50.82%) and pod index (CV = 144.82%). Multivariate analysis identified five distinct phenotypic groups, with reproductive traits showing stronger differentiation than vegetative traits. Shannon-Weaver diversity indices highlighted high overall phenotypic diversity (H' ≈ 0.7), with seed longitudinal shape and fruit apex form displaying the highest trait-specific diversity (H' > 1.0). Conclusion: This comprehensive characterization establishes a foundation for future multiomics studies and advanced breeding strategies. The documented diversity offers opportunities to leverage CRISPR-Cas-based editing and omics technologies to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding cacao varieties with superior quality traits, contributing significantly to global cacao conservation and improvement programs.