- Bienvenidos al Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Comunidades en el Repositorio
Seleccione una comunidad para explorar sus colecciones.
Envíos recientes
Proposal for Bioenergy Territorial Planning in LATAM; Part 1/2: Circular Economy Model, Urban Component Using Household Biomass
(Presentación en el congreso: Creando soluciones para un futuro sostenible: emprendimiento basado en tecnología” - del 2 al 4 de diciembre de 2024, 2024-12-04) Gómez Montoya, Juan Pablo; Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Silva, Fernando; Peñalva , Jhon Jhonathan; Arrieta Gonzales, Carlos; Luna DelRisco, Mario
The research is divided into two articles, presenting a bioenergy territorial planning proposal for LATAM. The first part focuses on an urban circular economy (CE) model using household organic municipal waste based on source separation. The second part is related to a proposal for designing internal combustion engines for renewable and alternative gaseous fuels. This paper quantifies the bioenergy potential that could be generated for LATAM by using national population censuses-based on scientific formulation and AI-powered databases to estimate the amount of biofertilizers, biogas, and green hydrogen that can be obtained according to the proposed CE model. The sustainability of the CE model is analyzed through a thermo-economic assessment, social impact, and environmental impact, with carbon footprint measurement using a standardized calculator. Additional considerations, risk analysis, and challenges for the model's implementation are also presented to promote its widespread adoption.
Gallery type spot in the pineapple fruit associated with Melanoma canopilosum Hendel
(International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), 1997-12-01) Bello Amez, Segundo Donato; Julca Otiniano, Alberto; Villachica León, Hugo
During the year 1992 "fruit spots" were studied at INIA's Chanchamayo Experimental Station. Three types were evidenced, of which two have been largely described and studied in the main pineapple producing areas of the world. They are known as "leathery pocket" and "black spot".
However a third type, which we named "spot with galleries", was observed in the Chanchamayo. It is apparently associated with the "pineapple fruit fly" Melanoma canopilosum Hendel, of the Richardiidae family.
Symptoms of this third spot type can be assessed externally in the case of the 'Smooth Cayenne' cultivar, on which mosaic-like discolourations are observed on the peel when the fruit matures.
Intercropping bananas with coffee and trees: Prototyping agroecological intensification by farmers and scientists
(International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), 2013-04-25) Staver, Charles; Bustamante, Oscar Enrique; Siles, Pablo; Aguilar, Carlos; Quinde, Karina; Castellón, Juan; Somarriba, Francisco; Tapia, Andrés; Brenes, Silvia; Deras, Marvin; Matute, Nelly
Bananas are often grown in mixed cropping systems. In Latin America, small growers cultivate bananas with minimal labor and purchased inputs in shaded coffee as a source of monthly income to supplement annual coffee sales. We deployed the framework of agroecological intensification in collaboration with six groups of small coffee growers in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and Peru to assess the potential to improve the productivity of banana in mixed systems. After a formal diagnostic study of 30 smallholder coffee farms in each site carried out by scientists, farmer experimentation groups in the same sites did their own diagnostic sampling and identified priority areas for experimentation. Scientists and farmers developed prototypes for system improvement, and alternative management approaches of system components, labor and inputs. Across pilot zones, ‘Gros Michel’ was the most common cultivar, with banana mat density from 300 to 600 mats/ha with 950 to 1200 pseudostems/ha. Tree density varied from 150 to 550 trees/ha with available light ranging from 50 to 70%, and from 35 to 45% for banana and coffee. Farmer priorities across zones were similar: tree, banana and coffee resource partitioning; improved nutrition; coffee pruning; Fusarium wilt management; and marketing for better banana prices. Prototypes for testing addressed: light partitioning among trees, bananas and coffee; an input-output analysis of nutrients to increase the contribution of nitrogen from shade trees and reorient purchased nutrients; a shifting framework of Fusarium wilt management to address quarantine and cultivar substitution; and a marginal return analysis for step-wise intensification of the system, including banana.
The importance of tropical tree-ring chronologies for global change research
(Elsevier Ltd., 2025-03-06) Groenendijk, Peter; Babst, Flurin; Trouet, Valerie; Fan, Ze Xin; Granato Souza, Daniela; Maselli Locosselli, Giuliano; Mokria, Mulugeta; Panthi, Shankar; Pumijumnong, Nathsuda; Abiyu, Abrham; Acuña Soto, Rodolfo; Adenesky-Filho, Eduardo; Alfaro-Sanchez , Raquel; Anholetto Junior, Claudio Roberto; Vieira Aragao, José Roberto; Assis-Pereira, Gabriel; Astudillo-Sánchez, Claudia C.; Barbosa, Ana Carolina; de Oliveira Barreto, Nathan; Battipaglia, Giovanna; Beeckman, Hans; Botosso, Paulo Cesar; Bourland, Nils; Brauning, Achim; Brienen, Roel; Brookhouse, Matthew; Buajan, Supaporn; Buckley, Brendan M.; Camarero, J. Julio; Carrillo-Parra, Artemio; Ceccantini, Gregorio; Centeno-Erguera, Librado R.; Cerano-Paredes, Julian; Cervantes-Martínez, Rosalinda; Chanthorn, Wirong; Chen, Ya-Jun; Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Bruno; Cornejo-Oviedo, Eladio Heriberto; Cortés-Cortés, Otoniel; Matos Costa, Clayane; Couralet, Camille; Crispin-DelaCruz, Doris Bianca; D’Arrigo, Rosanne; David, Diego A.; De Ridder, Maaike; Del Valle, Jorge Ignacio; Díaz-Carrillo, Oscar A.; Dobner Jr, Mario; Doucet, Jean-Louis; Dünisch, Oliver; Dünisch, Oliver; Enquist, Brian J.; Esemann-Quadros, Karin; Esquivel-Arriaga, Gerardo; Fayolle, Adeline; Anete Bergamo Fenilli, M. Eugenia; Ferrero, M. Eugenia; Fichtler, Esther; Finnegan, Patrick M.; Fontana, Claudia; Francisco, Kainana S.; Fu, Pei-Li; Galvao, Franklin; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Giraldo, Jorge A.; Gloor, Emanuel; Godoy-Veiga, Milena; Guerra, Anthony; Haneca, Kristof; Harley, Grant Logan; Heinrich, Ingo; Helle, Gerhard; Hernandez-Díaz, José Ciro; Hornink, Bruna; Hubau, Wannes; Inga, Janet G.; Islam, Mahmuda; Jiang, Yu-mei; Kaib, Mark; Hassan Khamisi, Zakia; Koprowski, Marcin; Layme Huaman, Eva; Leffler, A. Joshua; Ligot, Gauthier; Lisi, Claudio Sergio; Loader, Neil J.; de Almeida Lobo, Francisco; Longhi-Santos, Tomaz; Lopez, Lidio; Lopez-Hernández , María I.; Penetra Cerveira Lousada, José Luis; Manzanedo, Rubén D.; Marcon, Amanda K.; Maxwell, Justin T.; Mendivelso, Hooz A.; Mendoza-Villa, Omar N.; Nunes Menezes, Itallo Romany; Ribeiro Montoia, Valdinez; Moors, Eddy; Moreno, Miyer; Muniz-Castro, Miguel Angel; Nabais, Cristina; Nathalang, Anuttara; Ngoma, Justine; de Carvalho Nogueira Jr., Francisco; Morales Oliveira, Juliano; Morais Olmedo, Gabriela; Ortega-Rodriguez, Daigard Ricardo; Rodríguez Ortíz, Carmen Eugenia; Pagotto, Mariana Alves; Paredes-Villanueva, Kathelyn; Pérez-De-Lis, Gonzalo P; Ponce Calderon, Laura Patricia; Portal-Cahuana, Leif Armando; Pucha-Cofrep, Darwin Alexander; Quadri, Paulo; Rahman, Mizanur; Ramírez, Jorge Andrés; Requena-Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Ribeiro, Adauto de Souza ak; Robertson, Lain; Roig, Fidel Alejandro; Roquette, José Guilherme; Rubio-Camacho, Ernesto Alonso; Sánchez-Salguero, Raúl; Sass-Klaassen, Ute; Schongart, Jochen; Callegari Scipioni, Marcelo; Sheppard, Paul; Silva, Lucas C.R.; Slotta, Franziska; Soria-Díaz, Leroy; K.V.S. Sousa, Luciana; Speer, James H.; Therrell, Matthew D.; Ticse-Otarola, Ginette; Tomazello-Filho, Mario; Torbenson, Max C.A.; Tor-Ngern, Pantana; Touchan, Ramzi; Van Den Bulcke, Jan bi; Vazquez-Selem, Lorenzo; Velázquez-Pérez, Adin H.; Venegas-González, Alejandro; Villalba, Ricardo; Villanueva-Diaz, José; Vlam, Mart; Vourlitis, George; Wehenkel, Christian; Wils, Tommy; Zavaleta, Erika S.; Asfaw Zewdu, Eshetu; Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Zhou, Zhe-Kun; Zuidema, Pieter A.
Tropical forests and woodlands are key components of the global carbon and water cycles. Yet, how climate change affects these biogeochemical cycles is poorly understood because of scarce long-term observations of tropical tree growth. The recent rise in tropical tree-ring studies may help to fill this gap, but a large-scale quantitative analysis of their potential in global change research is missing. We compiled a list of all tropical tree species known to form annual tree rings and built a network encompassing 492 tropical ring-width chronologies to evaluate the potential to generate insights on climate sensitivity of woody productivity and to build centuries-long reconstructions of climate variability. We assess chronology quality, length, and climatic representativeness and explore how these change along climatic gradients. Finally, we applied species-distribution modeling to identify regions with potential for tree-ring studies in ecological and climatic studies. The number of tropical chronologies has rapidly increased, with ~400 added over the past two decades. Yet, tree-ring studies are biased towards high-elevation locations, with gaps in warmer and wetter climates, on the African continent, and for angiosperm species. The longest chronologies with strongest climate signals (i.e., synchronous growth variations among trees) are from cool regions. In wet regions, climate signals and precipitation sensitivity decrease. Most tropical regions harbor 5–15 (and up to 80) species with proven potential to generate chronologies. The potential for long climate reconstructions is particularly high in drier high elevation sites. Our findings support strategies to effectively expand tree-ring research in the tropics, by targeting specific species and regions. Tropical dendrochronology can importantly contribute to global change research by generating historical context of climate extremes, quantifying climate sensitivity of woody productivity and benchmarking vegetation models.
Climate change and tree cover loss affect the habitat suitability of Cedrela angustifolia evaluating climate vulnerability and conservation in Andean montane forests
(PeerJ Inc., 2025-02-27) Ames Martínez, Fressia N.; Capcha Romero, Ivan; Guerra, Anthony; Inga Guillen, Janet Gaby; Quispe Melgar, Harold Rusbelth; Galeano, Esteban; Rodríguez Ramírez, Ernesto C
Background. Because of illegal logging, habitat fragmentation, and high value timber Andean montane forest Cedrela species (such as Cedrela angustifolia), is endangered in Central and South America. Studying the effects of climate change and tree cover loss on the distribution of C. angustifolia will help us to understand the climatic and ecological sensitivity of this species and suggest conservation and restoration strategies. Methods. Using ecological niche modeling with two algorithms (maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and Random Forest) under the ecological niche conservatism approach, we generated 16,920 models with different combinations of variables and parameters. We identified suitable areas for C. angustifolia trees under present and future climate scenarios (2040, 2070, and 2100 with SSP 3-7.0 and SSP 5-8.5), tree cover loss, and variables linked to soil and topography. Results. Our results demonstrated 10 environmental variables with high percentage contributions and permutation importance; for example, precipitation seasonality exhibited the highest contribution to the current and future distribution of Cedrela angustifolia. The potential present distribution was estimated as 13,080 km2 with tree cover loss and 16,148.5 km2 without tree cover loss. From 2040 to 2100 the species distribution will decrease (from 22.16% to 36.88% with tree cover loss variation). The results indicated that Bolivia displayed higher habitat suitability than Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina. Finally, we recommend developing conservation management strategies that consider both protected and unprotected areas as well as the impact of land-use changes to improve the persistence of C. angustifolia in the future.
Fusarium ear rot and how to screen for resistance in open pollinated maize in the Andean regions
(Springer Nature, 2006-10-13) Silva, E.; Mora, E.A.; Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth; Vasquez, J.; Valdez, D.; Danial, D. L.; Parlevliet, J. E.
Ears infected with ear rot were collected from five provinces in Ecuador. Of the 44 samples analysed 26 carried Fusarium verticillioides, 11 F. subglutinans, two F. graminearum and five carried fungi different from Fusarium. The pathogenicity of ten isolates, seven of F. verticillioides and three of F. subglutinans, were tested. Per isolate 30 ears of the susceptible cultivar Mishca were inoculated by pricking a steel pin, dipped into a spore suspension, through the husks in the central part of the ear 14 days after mid-silk. Ears inoculated with sterile water and ears without any treatment, natural infection, served as controls. The disease severity (DS) of the ears ranged from 14 to 58% ear rot, the range being similar for both species. The DS of the water control, 19%, was much higher than that of the natural control of 2%. Five strains gave a DS of over 40%, significantly higher than the water control. The DS of the others were similar to the water control.
In a series of experiments the effect of various methods of applying Fusarium spores through the husks into young ears were compared. All tested methods resulted in DSs significantly higher than those of the two controls. Inoculation with tooth picks and steel pins dipped in a spore suspension gave similar ear rot percentages. Inoculations at 7 to 14 days after mid-silk produced the highest DS’s. There was no significant effect of spore concentration on the DS. Cultivars differed considerably, the range being from around 20% to over 50%. Surprisingly, only wounding the husks, the sterile water control, resulted in a fairly high DS, much higher than that of the natural control. As the ranking order of the cultivars after wounding only and after inoculation did not seem to be different from the ranking order of the natural control it is suggested to use in areas with high inoculum pressures like the Andes only wounding by means of a steel pin for screening for resistance to maize ear rot.
Comprehensive characterization of raw and processed quinoa from conventional and organic farming by label free shotgun proteomics
(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025-01-16) Galindo Luján, Rocío; Pont, Laura; Minic, Zoran; Berezowski , Maxim V.; Quispe Jacobo, Fredy Enrique; Sanz Nebot, Victoria; Benavente, Fernando
Quinoa is widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional properties, particularly its complete protein content. This study, for the first time, investigates the effects of processing methods (boiling and extrusion) and farming conditions (conventional and organic) on the proteomic profile. Following a label-free shotgun proteomics approach, a total of 1796 proteins were identified and quantified across all quinoa samples. Regarding processing, both boiling and extrusion produced protein extracts with lower total protein content, with the number of identified proteins decreasing from 1695 in raw quinoa to 957 in processed quinoa. Boiling led to a reduction in protein diversity and expression, while extrusion, which involves high temperatures and pressures, specifically decreased the abundance of high molecular mass proteins. Concerning cultivation practices, organic farming was associated with a broader protein diversity, especially proteins related to translation (28 vs 5%), while conventional farming showed a higher abundance of catalytic and enzymatic proteins (67 vs 46%). These findings highlight the distinct proteomic changes induced by different processing methods and farming conditions, offering valuable insights to manage quinoa’s nutritional, bioactive, and functional properties across various production practices.
Implementation status on institutional CRIS/RIM systems in Peru: Integration between the national peruCRIS and institutional CRIS systems
(euroCRIS, 2025-05-15) Alhuay Quispe, Joel; Velarde Gutierrez, Renato; Peña Pineda, Karla; Bautista Ynofuente, Lourdes
In South America, most digital platforms are institutional and research repositories, according to The Registry of Open Access Repositories. In Peru, the use of digital repositories is primarily associated with universities and research institutions, mainly operating under DSpace software. The implementation of Research Information Management (RIM) systems or Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) projects implies an opportunity for digital next generation repositories. This study aims to provide an initial overview and status of 31 cases of CRIS/RIM systems in Peru identified between May 2019 and March 2025 listed in two trusted directories
Influence of agroclimatic factors on the efficiency of multi-ovulation in cattle in the Peruvian tropics
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-04-01) Segura Portocarrero, Gleni Tatiana; Murga Valderrama, Nilton Luis; Lopez Lapa, Rainer Marco; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo; Gongora Bardales, Deiner Jhonel; Frias Torres, Hugo; Poclín Rojas, Annie Yoselin; Depaz Hizo, Benjamin; Vasquez Tarrillo, Ronald Will; Heredia Vilchez, Lizeth Amparo; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo
Introduction: Agroclimatic conditions are key determinants in the development of animal production and reproduction, with specific breed differences in vulnerability to environmental stress. This research aims to determine the influence of agroclimatic factors on the efficiency of multi-ovulation in cattle in the Peruvian tropics.
Methods: The study was conducted at the “El Porvenir” Agricultural Experimental Station (EEA) of the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA), located in the district of Juan Guerra, province and department of San Martín, Peru. Throughout a year, four collections of structures were made from 12 Bos indicus donor cows from the genetic nucleus of the PROMEG Tropical project every 2 months under intensive breeding conditions. The cows were classified according to their production: milk (five individuals of the Gyr breed and two of the Guzerat breed) and meat (two individuals of the Nelore breed and three of the Brahman breed), with ages of 3 and 4 years, selected based on specific criteria: regular estrous cycles, no deformities or reproductive problems, and certified pedigree registration. During each collection protocol, the number of viable structures (blastocysts and morulas), non-viable structures (unfertilized oocytes-UFO and degenerated), and agroclimatic factors [temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), precipitation (mm), wind speed (m/s), and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)] were evaluated at three times (6 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m.). A longitudinal experimental design was used for the analysis. Statistical tests were applied, including ANOVA and post-hoc tests (Tukey's Test), to assess the significance of differences between variables, such as the humidity index and temperature in relation to the production of viable structures and non-viable structures. Data visualization was achieved using R Studio libraries, including ggplot2, factoextra, and FactoMineR.
Results: The analyses highlight the influence of the interaction between humidity and temperature, resulting in THI on bovine stress, revealing complex interactions that primarily affect embryo production. Stress peaks, especially under adverse conditions, were observed to significantly impact animal health.
Discussion: This response to stress can affect both overall well-being and productive performance. Additionally, it should be noted that this impact varies according to the adaptability and resilience of the breed. Therefore, it is suggested to continue this study, as the literature on this topic is limited, and to conduct further research to optimize the well-being and productivity of livestock.
Productive and culinary characteristics of four cultivars of the popping bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Canaán, 2735 meters above sea level. Ayacucho, 2022.
(Editorial MQR, 2025-03-21) Zambrano Ochoa , Lurquín Marino; Aramburo Pretel, Jean Marco; Altamirano Pérez, Ana María
Introducción. El frijol reventón originario de la parte central de los Andes constituye un alimento principal en la dieta de las comunidades rurales por su alto valor nutricional. Objetivo. Analizar las características productivas y culinarias de cuatro cultivares de frijol reventón, cultivados en las condiciones de Canaán, a 2735 msnm, en Ayacucho, durante el año 2022. Método. Se realizó un estudio experimental aplicando el Diseño Bloques Completo Randomizados con 4 variedades de frijol reventón tipo IV y un testigo tipo I arbustivo. El experimento se llevó a cabo con 3 repeticiones, sumando un total de 15 unidades experimentales. Se analizó variables de respuesta como la precocidad del cultivo, la productividad y la calidad del grano tostado. Resultados. El cultivar CFA-007 alcanzó la madurez fisiológica a los 193 días, seguido por las variedades CFA-012, CFA-005 y CFA-016. En cuanto a la altura de planta, el cultivar CFA-026 destacó con 237.93 centímetros, sin presentar diferencias significativas respecto a los demás cultivares. En términos de productividad, el CFA-007 alcanzó un rendimiento de 5700 kilogramos por hectárea, mientras que el CFA-005 obtuvo 4623 kilogramos por hectárea. En lo que respecta a la calidad del grano tostado, el índice de expansión del grano del cultivar CFA-026 fue del 80%, seguido por los cultivares CFA-007, CFA-005 y CFA-012. Conclusión. Tanto las condiciones ambientales de la zona donde se desarrolló el experimento como el manejo agronómico fueron oportunas para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los cultivares.