Examinando por Materia "Sustainable agricultura"

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Azospirillum brasilense as a Bioinoculant to Alleviate the Effects of Salinity on Quinoa Seed Germination
(MDPI, 2025-12-16) Apaza Calcina, Jose David; Muñoz Salas, Milagros Ninoska; Lozano Isla, Flavio; Rezende, Rachel Passos; Santana Silva, Raner José
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is valued for its resilience to abiotic stress; however, germination and seedling establishment remain highly sensitive to salinity. While its salt tolerance at later growth stages has been well studied, strategies to improve early development under high salinity are limited, and the role of halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in quinoa has not been systematically investigated. This study assessed the ability of three Azospirillum brasilense strains (BR-11001, BR-11002, and BR-11005) to increase the germination and seedling performance of the cultivar 'BRS Piabiru' under saline stress. A 3 × 4 factorial design with three bacterial treatments and four NaCl concentrations (0, 150, 300, and 450 mM) was conducted in a completely randomized arrangement, with four replicates per treatment. Seeds were surface sterilized, inoculated, and incubated at 18 °C under constant light for 10 days. Elevated salinity (≥300 mM NaCl) drastically reduced germination and seedling vigor in the controls. Inoculation with BR-11002 significantly alleviated salinity-induced damage, sustaining over 84% germination at 450 mM and increasing seedling biomass at 300 mM. These findings highlight the potential of halotolerant A. brasilense, particularly BR-11002, as bioinoculants to promote quinoa establishment in salt-affected soils, supporting sustainable agriculture and food system resilience.
Respuesta productiva de Phaseolus vulgaris L. a la aplicación de compost local y microorganismos eficientes en una zona semiárida de Ayacucho, Perú
(Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2025-12-12) Solano Ramos, Rómulo Agustín; Tineo Bermúdez, Alex Lázaro; Aronés Quispe, Raúl Javier; Sulca Castilla, Orlando Fidel; Carrillo Medina, Pelayo; Villantoy Palomino, Abraham
Una alternativa para mejorar el rendimiento de cultivos en regiones semiáridas es el uso de abonos orgánicos de origen natural que contribuyan al suministro de nutrientes por descomposición y mejoren la capacidad de almacenamiento y retención de agua del suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de un compost de preparación casera denominado "Compuesto San Cristóbal" (CSC) y de microorganismos eficientes (ME) en el rendimiento de frijol rojo en condiciones semiáridas. El estudio se desarrolló en el Centro Experimental Canaán de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho. Se implementó un diseño experimental factorial 2A×2B (A: con y sin CSC; B: con y sin ME) bajo un arreglo de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las parcelas experimentales de 20 m² estuvieron constituidas por cinco surcos distanciados a 0,80 m. Los tratamientos con CSC mostraron rendimientos significativamente superiores comparados con el testigo sin aplicación. Los ME también evidenciaron efectos positivos en el rendimiento, aunque en m12enor magnitud que el CSC. El incremento relativo del rendimiento de grano (Irrg) por aplicación del CSC fue 73,40 %, mientras que para rastrojos (Irrr) fue 21,96 %. La aplicación de ME incrementó el rendimiento de grano en 37,84 % y rastrojos en 9,91 %; la aplicación conjunta de CSC y ME produjo los mayores incrementos: 109,32 % en rendimiento de grano y 26,67 % en rastrojos. Se concluye que tanto el CSC como los ME mejoran significativamente el rendimiento del frijol en condiciones semiáridas; siendo más efectivo el CSC, potenciándose su efecto en aplicación conjunta con ME.
Yield estimation based on agronomic traits in vegetables under different biochar levels
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-09-29) Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Taipe Crispin, Maglorio; Marcelo Matero, Jhonny Demis; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin
Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through oxygen-limited pyrolysis of organic biomass, demonstrates exceptional potential as a soil amendment due to its porous structure and stability. This research investigated the impact of guinea pig manure biochar on three vegetable species cultivated in high Andean conditions: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.), and chard (Beta vulgaris var.). The study implemented four biochar application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) and measured comprehensive agronomic parameters including leaf count, leaf length, and fresh/dry biomass of both leaves and roots. Simultaneously, UAV-captured multispectral imagery provided spectral indices that were integrated with agronomic data into machine learning models: linear regression, support vector machines (SVM), and regression trees (CART). Results demonstrated significant vegetative growth enhancement and yield increases across all crops, with the 30 t ha-1 application rate producing optimal outcomes. Predictive modeling exhibited remarkable accuracy: spinach analysis via SVM achieved R² = 0.94 and RMSE = 0.32 g; chard analysis through CART delivered R² = 0.92 and RMSE = 0.35 g; and cabbage assessment using CART yielded R² = 0.91 and RMSE = 0.38 g. This research substantiates biochar’s effectiveness as an organic amendment while establishing a reliable framework for crop yield prediction using machine learning algorithms integrated with spectral data. These findings position biochar as a valuable component in sustainable agricultural systems, particularly for vegetable production in challenging high-altitude environments.